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Anatomy Lab > Week 4 Study Cards > Flashcards

Week 4 Study Cards Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin?

A

stationary bone the muscle attaches to

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2
Q

What is the insertion?

A

the moveable bone the muscle attaches to

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3
Q

What is rectus?

A

fibers parallel to the midline of the body

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4
Q

What is transverse?

A

fibers perpendicular to the midline

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5
Q

What is oblique?

A

fibers diagonal to the midline

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6
Q

What are neighboring bones?

A

occipitalis

intercostal

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7
Q

What are terms meaning large?

A

maximus, magnus, major, vastus

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8
Q

What are terms meaning small?

A

minimus, minor

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9
Q

What is a term meaning medium size?

A

medius

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10
Q

What is a term meaning long?

A

longus

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11
Q

What is a term meaning short or brief?

A

brevis

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12
Q

What does bi mean?

A

two origins

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13
Q

What does tri mean?

A

three origins

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14
Q

What does quad mean?

A

four

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15
Q

What shape is rhomboideus?

A

diamond shape

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16
Q

What shape is serratus?

A

serrated, saw-toothed

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17
Q

What shape is teres?

A

rounded

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18
Q

What shape is deltoid?

A

triangular, like a river delta

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19
Q

What action does a flexor muscle do?

A

decreases the angle at a joint

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20
Q

What action does a extensor do?

A

increase angle at a joint

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21
Q

What action does an abductor do?

A

moving away from the midline

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22
Q

What action does an adductor do?

A

moving closer to the midline

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23
Q

What action does levator do?

A

moving upward

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24
Q

What action does a depressor do?

A

move downward

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25
Q

What action does a constrictor do?

A

surround

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26
Q

What action does a pronator do?

A

moving the palm downward of posterior

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27
Q

What action does a supinator do?

A

moving the palm upward of anterior

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28
Q

What are the relative location terms?

A 
anterior
posterior
dorsal
inferior
superior
lateral
medial
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29
Q

What is the bulk of the body’s muscle

A

skeletal muscle

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30
Q

What is the shape of muscle cells?

A

long, cylindrical cells, relatively large

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31
Q

How many nuclei do muscle cells?

A

more than one

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32
Q

What is the plasma membrane in skeletal muscle cells called?

A

sarcolemma

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33
Q

How are the nuclei arranged in skeletal muscle cells?

A

myofibrils, lined longitudinaly

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34
Q

What composes the myofibrils?

A

myofilaments

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35
Q

What two proteins compose myofibrils?

A

actin and myosin

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36
Q

What is the function of actin and myosin?

A

to slide past each other during muscle activity and bring about shortening or contractions

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37
Q

What are the contractile units of the muscle?

A

sarcomeres

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38
Q

What composes skeletal muscle (what is the structure)?

A

muscle fibers bundled together with connective tissue

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39
Q

What is the connective tissue that encloses each muscle fiber?

A

endomysium

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40
Q

What collagenic membrane layer are sheathed muscle fibers wrapped in?

A

perimysium

41
Q

What does the fibers and collagenic perimysium form?

42
Q

What binds a large amount of fascicles?

A

epimysium (dense connective tissue)

43
Q

What do the epimysia blend into?

A

strong cordlike tendons or sheet-like aponeuroses

44
Q

What are the function of tendons and aponeuroses?

A

attach muscles to each other or indirectly to bones

strengthening the muscle as a whole

45
Q

What stimulates skeletal muscle cells?

A

motor neurons via impulses

46
Q

What is the junction between a nerve fiber and a muscle cell?

A

neuromuscular or myoneural junction

47
Q

What are the branches of a motor axon called?

A

axon terminals

48
Q

What makes up a motor unit?

A

neuron, all the muscle cells

49
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?

A

small fluid filled gap between muscle fiber membranes and neurons

50
Q

What are muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a particular movement?

A

prime movers or agonists

51
Q

What are muscle that oppose or reverse a movement called?

A

antagonists

52
Q

What are muscles that aid the action of prime movers by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement

A

synergists

53
Q

What are muscles that are specialized synergists by immobilizing the origin of prime mover so that all the tension is exerted at the insertion?

54
Q

What muscle is the temporalis? Where is it located?

A

The muscle originating at the temppporal bone and connecting to the madible (coronoid process)

55
Q

What is the masseter muscle? Where is it located? What is its function?

A

originates at zygomatic arch and process and connects to the mandible. Its function is to elevate mandible

56
Q

What is the buccinator? Where is it located?

A

located at maxilla and mandible connecting to the orbicularis oris

57
Q

What is the playsma? Where is it located?

A

fascia of chest to the mandible (lower margin) corner of the mouth

58
Q

What is the sternocleidomastoid? Where is it located? What is its function?

A

manubrium of sternum clavicle and connecting to mastoid process of temporal bone. It’s function is flexing head and neck while rotation

59
Q

What is the deltoid? Where is it located? What is its function?

A

acromion and spine clavicle of scapula and connects to deltoid tuberosity on humerous. it’s function is to abducts, flexes or extends/ rotates

60
Q

What is the pectoralis major? Where is it located? What is its function?

A

located on sternum, clavicle, costal cartilages and connects to greater tubercle. Its function is to flex, adduct, medially rotate

61
Q

What is the trapezius? Where is it located? What is its function?

A

originates at occipital bone, C1-T12 and connects to acromion and spine of clavicle and scapula. It’s function is to rotate, adduct, elevate, depress, stabilize scapula and extend and rotate the head

62
Q

what is the latissimus dorsi? Where is it located? What is its function?

A

T7-L5 vertebrae, iliac crest and ribs connecting to proximal intertubercule groove of humerus. It’s function is to extend and adduct humerus

63
Q

What is the erector spinae?

A

vertebrae, sacrum, iliac crest connecting to vertebrae,ribs

64
Q

What is the rectus abdominus?

A

originates at pubic crest/ symphasis and connects toxiphoid process of sternum

65
Q

What is the external oblique?

A

originates at lower eight ribs and connects to iliac crest, linea alba, pubis

66
Q

What is the internal oblique?

A

originates at lumbodorsal fascia and iliac crest and connects to linea alba and ribs 10-12

67
Q

What is the transverse abdominus?

A

orginates at lumbodorsal fascia. iliac crest, cartilages of ribs 7-10 and connects to linea alba and pubis crest

68
Q

What is the iliopsoas?

A

originates at ilium and T/L vertebrae (T12-L5) and connects to lesser trochanter of femur. It’s function is to flex

69
Q

What is the sartorius?

A

originates at anterior superior iliac spine and connects to proximal medial surface of the tibia

70
Q

What is the rectus femoris? Where is it located and what is its function?

A

originates at anterior inferior illiac spine and superior margin of acetabulum and connects to tibial tuberosit. Its function is to extend leg and flex thighs

71
Q

What is the vastus lateralis? Where is it located and what is its function?

A

originates at greater trochanter of femur and connects to tibial tuberosity. Its function is to extend the leg

72
Q

What is the vastus intermedius? Where is it located and what is its function?

A

Originates on anterior and lateral surfaces and linea aspera of femur and connects to tibial tuberosity. Its function is to extend the leg

73
Q

What is the vastus medialis? Where is it located and what is its function?

A

originates at linea aspera of femus and connects to tibial tuberosity. its function is to extend the leg

74
Q

What are the three adductor muscles?

A

magnus, longus, and brevis

75
Q

What is the magnus adductor muscle?

A

originates at ischium and pubis of rami and connects to linea aspera adductor tuber of femur

76
Q

What is the longus adductor muscle?

A

originates at pubis and connects to femur linea aspera

77
Q

What is the brevis adductor muscles?

A

originates at pubis body and inf ramus and connects to linea aspera of femur

78
Q

What is the function of the adductor muscles

A

adduct, flex, rotate laterally the thigh

79
Q

What is the gluteus maximus? Where is it located? What is its function?

A

originates at illum-iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx and connects to gluteal tuberosity of femur. Its function is to extend the thigh and rotate laterally

80
Q

What is the gluteus medius? Where is it located and what is its function?

A

Originates at illium and connects to greater trochanter of the femur. Its function is to abduct thing and rotate medially

81
Q

What are the biceps femoris? Where is it located and what is its function?

A

originates at ischial tuberosity of ischium and femur distal, connecting to head of fibula. Its function is to flex the leg, extend and laterally rotate the thigh

82
Q

What is the semitendinosus? Where is it located and what is its funtion?

A

Originates at ischial tuberosity of ischium and connects to proximal medial surface of tibia. Its function is to flex the leg and extend a medially rotate the thigh

83
Q

What is the semimembranosus? Where is it located and what is its function?

A

Originates at ischial tuberosity of ischium and connects to proximal of tibia. Its function is to flex the leg and extend and medially rotate the thigh

84
Q

What is the gastrocnemius? Where is it located and what is its function?

A

Originates at medial and leteral condyle of femur and connects to calcaneus. Its function is to plantar flexes of foot and flex leg

85
Q

What is the soleus? Where is it located and what is its function?

A

originates a head and proximal shaft of fibula and posterior, medial shaft of tibia connecting to calcaneus. Its function is plantar flexes in the foot

86
Q

What is the tibialis anterior? Where is it located and what is its function?

A

Originates at lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia and connects to 1st metatarsal base medial cuneiform. Its function is dorsiflexes of the foot

87
Q

What is the fibularis/peroneus?

A

Originates at fibula-proximal and connects to 1st metatarsal

88
Q

What is the extensor digitorum longus?

A

Originates at lateral condyle of tibia and proximal fibula connecting to mid and distal phalanges 2-2-5 surfaces

89
Q

What are the biceps brachii? Where are they located? What is there function?

A

Originates at superior margin of the scapula’s glenoid cavity and coracoid process and connects to radial tuberosity of radius. Its function is to flex forearm and flex humerus

90
Q

What are the brachialis? Where are they located? what is their function?

A

Originates at distal half, anterior of humerus and connects to coronoid process of ulna. its function is to flex forearm

91
Q

What is brachioradialis?

A

Located at distal anterior of humerus and connects to styloid process of radius

92
Q

What is the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

distal part of humerus, ulna, and radius connecting to middle phalanges 2-5

93
Q

What is the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

originates at distal medial epicondyle of humerus and connects to 5th metacarpal carpals

94
Q

What is the flexor carpi radialis?

A

originates at medial epicondyle of humerus and connects to 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

95
Q

What is triceps brachii? Where are they located? What is their function?

A

originates at inferior to glenoid cavity and posterior surface of humerus and connecting to olecranon process of ulna. Its function is to extend forearm and extend and adduct humerus

96
Q

What is the extensor digitorum?

A

originates at lateral epicondyle of humerus and connects to phalanges 2-5

97
Q

What is the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

originates at lateral epicondyle of humerus and connects to 5th metacarpal

98
Q

What is the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

originates at lateral epicondyle of humerus and connects to 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

99
Q

What is the pronator teres?

A

originates at distal humerus and coronoid process of ulna and connects to middle shaft of radius

Anatomy Lab (11 decks)

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