Week 4 Review Qs Flashcards
An injury to the medial collateral compartment will lead to what?
A) Abduction of the knee when its extended
B) Posterior dislocation of the tibia
C) Anterior dislocation of the fibula
D) Anterior dislocation of the tibia
A) Abduction of the knee when its extended
What goes into adductor hiatus?
A) Femoral
B) Obturator
C) Saphenous
A) Femoral
What is the most medial structure in femoral sheath?
A) Femoral
B) Obturator
C) Saphenous
A) Femoral
What will happen after the administration of tubocurarine?
Postsynaptic potentials are inhibited, even in the presence of acetylcholine
A 30 obese, hypertensive, alcohol consumer man, had a pain in the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP), with swelling, what is the condition?
A) osteoarthritis
B) Rheumatoid arthritis
C) gout attack
c) Gout attack
A female with SLE and taking steroids for 6 months presented with knee pain with no past medical history or injury A) Idiopathic B) Knee osteoarthritis C) Gout osteoarthritis D) Referred pain from hip E) Missed traumatic injury
D) Referred pain from hip (necrosis of femoral head, SLE and steroids cause necrosis)
Which cell cause damage to basement membrane of the kidney in patient with SLE? A) PMN B) macrophage C) T cell D) perforin
A) PMN
A 28 yr female w known autoimmune disease complains of sore throat & knee pain. BVs show fibrosis & thickening. what is the underlying condition? A) SLE B) OA C) infective arthritis D) scleroderma E) psoriatic arthritis
D) scleroderma
A 30-year-old female presented with malar rash, myalgia, and arthritis for 2 years.
Which of the following mechanisms are associated with her condition?
A) infection
B) cytotoxic ab
C) anti glomerular basement membrane ab
D) immune complex formation
D) immune complex formation
Which can lead to enthesitis?
Psoriatic arthritis
In a family, the father has mitochondrial myopathy and the mother is normal and healthy, what is the chance that their sons will be affected? A) 0% B) 25% C) 100% D) 50%
A) 0%
What muscle contracts in the weight bearing limb to medially rotate hip during walking? A) adductor magnus B) tensor facia lata C) obturator internus D) piriformis E) gluteus minimus
E) gluteus minimus
Red ragged fibers?
Mitochondrial disease
Damage to which structure results in foot eversion?
Tibial nerve
Which nerve/artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibular
Which nerve/artery passes in the adductor canal?
Femoral
What muscle is responsible for flexion while walking?
Iliopsoas
Injury to which nerve causes an effect on the antero-medial side of leg? A) L2 B) L3 C) L4 D) L5 E) S2
C) L4
Which nerve is affected if the patient tilts his gluteal area when walking on his right leg? A) Right superior gluteal nerve B) Left superior gluteal nerve C) Left inferior gluteal nerve D) Right inferior gluteal nerve E) Left obturator nerve
A) Right superior gluteal nerve
Which one of these is associated with SLE?
A) Joint deformity
B) Mononuclear infiltrates
C) Synovial membrane damage
B) Mononuclear infiltrates
What nerve innervates tensor fascia lata? A) superior gluteal nerve B) inferior gluteal nerve C) nerve to obturator internus D) nerve to quadratus femoris
A) superior gluteal nerve
Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the knee? A) Gastrocnemius B) Fibularis longus C) Flexor hallicus longus D) Flexor digitorum longus E) Tibialis anterior
A) Gastrocnemius
A patient presented with obturator nerve injury from trauma to the pelvic wall. Which muscle is affected? A) Gracilis B) iliacus C) sartorius D) obturator internus
A) Gracilis
The hamstring muscles common attachment?
ischial tuberosity
Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot is mainly by which muscle?
tibialis anterior
Inability to extend the knee indicate injury of which nerve? A) Nerve to Quadratus femoris B) Nerve to obturator internis C) tibial nerve D) femoral nerve E) superior gleuteal F) sciatic
D) femoral nerve
A patient suffered from gluteal region injury due to road traffic accident. When he stood on one leg, the pelvis tilted to the unsupported side. What of these nerves might have been injured? A) Superior gluteal B) Inferior gluteal C) Nerve to obturator internus D) Nerve to quadratus femoris E) Sciatic
A) Superior gluteal
What will be seen in a man with osteoarthritis?
- Osteophytes
Which muscle is affected in piriformis syndrome? A) gluteus maximus B) semitendinosus C) semimembranosus D) biceps femoris E) adductor magnus
D) biceps femoris
What causes defective clearance of immune complexes in SLE?
- Defective complements
In SLE, what is the most common cause avascular necrosis?
A) change in RBC morphology
B) ab against IgG
C) corticosteroid therapy
C) corticosteroid therapy [+ vasculitis/thrombosis/embolism]
MELAS = mutation in what tRNA?
A) Leucine
B) lysine
C) glutamic acid
A) Leucine
A woman got a tick bite and later developed arthritis, what is the diagnosis?
- Lyme disease
what is linked to SLE onset/exacerbates it? A) high TGF-a B) t cell apoptosis C) dysfunctional neutrophils, D) MHC gene
D) MHC gene
What is the function of Synapsin?
- fixation of synaptic vesicle to actin cytoskeleton
What would happen if Strautosporin was administered in a synapse?
less phosphorylation of synapse protein
What will result if extracellular calcium concentration decreased from 2.5 to 1.5 (lower than normal levels)?
- Less EPP will be produced
What is miniature EPP?
A) single acetylcholine molecule is released
B) Single vesicle is released from the presynaptic end
B) Single vesicle is released from the presynaptic end
What causes medial flexion of hip? A) quadratus femoris B) gluteus maximus C) piriformis D) Gluteus medius
D) Gluteus medius
Innervation to gemelis inferior?
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Which artery passes in the adductor canal? A) Femoral artery B) Superior gluteal artery C) Posterior tibial artery D) Fibular artery E) Anterior tibial artery F) Deep femoral artery
A) Femoral artery
Which artery supplies the lateral leg compartment? A) Femoral artery B) Superior gluteal artery C) Posterior tibial artery D) Fibular artery E) Anterior tibial artery F) Deep femoral artery
D) Fibular artery
What is the mechanism of action of Bungarotoxin?
A) stimulates massive exocytosis
B) temporary blocker of Ach Receptor
C) No postsynaptic AP even if Ach concentration is increased
D) cleaves presynaptic docking proteins
E) Activate kiss and run endocytosis
C) No postsynaptic AP even if Ach concentration is increased
This nerve supplies sensation for the anteromedial side of the leg.
Saphenous nerve
What happens when tyrosine kinase is inhibited by Staurosporine?
- Active kiss and run endocytosis
Which disease is characterized by osteophyte formation at the side of the joint?
A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Osteoarthritis
C) Gouty arthritis
B) Osteoarthritis
What is the effect of tetrodotoxin
- Inhibits action potential formation
Male complains of dark brown urine, black deposits in his ear, & joint pain
- Onchorosis
A woman presented with venous and arterial thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, recurrent abortion, and cerebral stroke in SLE is due to?
- Anti-phospholipid antibodies
A 26 year old man complaining from pain in the knee and small joints in the hand, he is known to be ochronotic. What is the most likely cause of this pain?
A) RA
B) osteoarthritis
C) Gouty arthritis
B) osteoarthritis
[ochronosis (alkaptonuria) is a risk factor for secondary OA in young people]
What is the effect of black spider widow toxin (a-latrotoxin)?
Ca independent exocytosis
Through which mechanism are neurotransmitters released?
A) Exocytosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Pinocytosis
A) Exocytosis
75 year old woman underwent hip replacement w there was severe articular erosion
and cyst cavities formation. What is the cause?
A) RA
B) Osteoarthris
B) Osteoarthris
Which proteins are involved in the docking of vesicles to the synaptic membrane?
A) Syntaxin and Synaptobrevin
B) Synaptotagmin and Synaptobrevin
A) Syntaxin and Synaptobrevin
What is responsible for tissue damage in SLE?
- Immune complexes
Which muscle stabilizes the knee joint? A) Biceps femoris B) Piriformis C) Quadriceps femoris D) Obturator
C) Quadriceps femoris
Which of these is the main artery that supplies head and neck of the femur?
A) Medial circumflex femoral
B) Lateral circumflex femoral
C) Obturator
A) Medial circumflex femoral
Which of the following muscles is the strongest dorsi-flexor? A) Extensor hallucis longus B) Tibialis anterior C) Extensor digitorum longus D) Fibularis tertius E) Flexor digitorum Longu
B) Tibialis anterior
Which of the following is produced to attract neutrophils and macrophages? A) IL1 B) IL10 C) IL4 D) TNF alpha
A) IL1
[IL-1 attract neutrophils and macrophages while TNF activate them]
What is RR of dying in SLE compared to non-SLE patients? A) 1.0 B) 1.5 C) 2.0 D) 3.0
D) 3.0
Which muscle is affected by piriformis syndrome?
A) Biceps femoris
B) Piriformis
A) Biceps femoris
A 37 year old female with malar rash, she was exposed to the sun for few hours, and there was positive immunofluorescence of anti IgG antibodies in the lining between dermal and epidermal layers. What is the most likely reason for that?
A) Release of sequestered Ag
B) Release of IFN gamma
C) Immune complex deposition (SLE)
C) Immune complex deposition (SLE)
Mostly at risk for SLE?
A) Black, reproductive age, estrogen therapy
B) White female, r productive age, estrogen therapy
A) Black, reproductive age, estrogen therapy
Which of the following muscle flexes the thigh at the hip joint?
- Iliopsoas
Which artery gives a branch to supply the lateral leg compartment? A) Anterior tibial B) Posterior tibial C) Radial D) Obturator
B) Posterior tibial
What is the correct sequence of transmission across the synaptic space (or neurotransmitter release)?
A) Docking, priming, exocytosis, endocytosis
B) Docking, priming, endocytosis, exocytosis
C) Priming, docking, exocytosis, endocytosis
D) Docking, endocytosis, priming, exocytosis
A) Docking, priming, exocytosis, endocytosis
A patient with joint pain and swelling of the joint, he also has a white nodule on his ear. Whats the cause? A) RA B) OA C) Lyme disease D) Onchorosis E) Septic arthritis F) Gouty arthritis
F) Gouty arthritis
Old lady with arthritis and an inflamed knee. Silver stain showed spirochete? A) RA B) OA C) Lyme disease D) Onchorosis E) Septic arthritis F) Gouty arthritis
C) Lyme disease
Tissue biopsy taken from a 40-year old patient with sort arthritis showed granulomatous reaction surrounding a clear space?
A) RA B) OA C) Lyme disease D) Onchorosis E) Septic arthritis F) Gouty arthritis
F) Gouty arthritis
What passes through the femoral sheath and adductor canal?
A) Obturator nerve
B) Femoral nerve
C) Femoral artery
C) Femoral artery
Which of the following movements is affected in an injury to the ischial tuberosity?
A) Flexion of the leg
B) Extension of the leg
C) Lateral rotation of the thigh
A) Flexion of the leg
A young female with kidney problems. Presented with joint pain, stiffness, and rash. What lab test would you order? A) Anti-DNA B) CBC C) Blood culture D) Thyroid function test
A) Anti-DNA
What is the function of iliopsoas muscle during walking on the thigh? A) Extension B) Flexion C) Abduction D) Adduction
C) Abduction
Which nerve can be located in the reference to the tendon of biceps femorus and the neck of fibula? A) Saphenous B) Sural C) Common fibular D) Tibial
C) Common fibular
What supplies the inferior gemellus muscle?
Nerve to quadrats femurs
A patient with positive Trendelenburg's sign, the hip was tilt to the right side, weakness in which muscle causes this condition? A) Left gluteus medius B) Right gluteus medius C) Left gluteus maximus D) Right gluteus maximus
A) Left gluteus medius
What structure passes the knee joint to insert in tibia?
- semitendinosus tendon
Which of the following gives the sural nerve?
- Tibial and common peroneal
What structure passes out of the lesser sciatic foramen?
- Obturator internus muscle
What prevents hyperextention of the hip joint while standing?
- Iliofemoral ligament
Mutation in which of the following mitochondrial gene results in MELAS? -
tRNA-Leucine
SLE patient with recurrent abortions and stroke, what is the underlying pathogenesis?
- Anti-phospholipd antibodies
Which movement is affected when the ischial tuberosity is damaged?
- Leg flexion
What supplies the lateral compartment of the leg? -
Fibular artery
What goes through the adductor canal?
- Femoral artery
A 40-year old woman with SLE for 10 years. She is on azathioprine and steroids, and she complains of right groin pain for the past 3 months. What is the most likely cause?
A) Avascular necrosis
B) Femur neck fracture
C) Osteoporosis
A) Avascular necrosis
When walking, action of the iliopsoas muscle produced what motion at the hip joint?
- Flexion
Loss of which function will occur if the common fibular nerve is compressed at the fibular head?
- Eversion
A 55 year old patient with slipped disc complaining of pain radiating from the lumbar region to the back of the thigh and leg and lateral margin of the foot. What nerve root is the slipped disc compressing?
- S1 (refer to dermatomes of leg diagram)
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
- Deep fibula
SLE prevalence is changed recently. Why?
- Increase in incidence and early diagnosis
Where do immune complexes commonly deposit in SLE?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Heart
B) Kidney
Most common place where immune complex is cleared in the body?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Thyroid
A) Liver
What will be lost or impaired when the common fibular nerve is injured at the head of the fibula?
- Eversion
A 37 year old female with malar rash and glomerulonephropathy and positive anti- nuclear antibody. What is the most likely pathophysiology of her condition?
- Immune complex deposition
Why is the mutation rate much higher in mitochondrial genome than in nuclear genome?
A) Circular mitochondrial genome
B) Histones bound to mitochondrial genome
C) Abundant O2 radical production in the mitochondria
D) Slow replication of mitochondrial genome
E) Mitochondrial genome is single stranded
C) Abundant O2 radical production in the mitochondria
Which of the following is responsible for nonspecific tissue damage in SLE?
Immune complex deposition
A 14-year-old boy presents with exercise intolerance and lactic acidosis. What is the likely mechanism?
- Mutation in mitochondrial t-RNA
Which organ is most likely to be affected by mitochondrial dysfunction?
- Muscles
What is the effect of black spider widow toxin (alpha-latrotoxin)?
- Calcium independent excessive exocytosis
A woman suffers from myalgia and is positive for anti-nuclear antibodies. She later develops glomerulonephritis. What is the cause?
- Immune complex deposition (SLE)
Where do you see subchondral cyst and degeneration of articular cartilage? -
Osteoarthritis
Which of the following muscles diseases is characterized by ragged red fibers?
- Mitochondrial disease
Which muscle is the primary dorsiflexor and invertor?
- Tibialis anterior
Which of the following muscles flexes the knee?
- Gastrocnemius
What is the most powerful plantar-flexor of the ankle joint?
- Soleus
Which of the following has the most profound effect in destabilization of the knee joint [or paralysis of which muscle destabilizes the knee joint]?
- Loss of function of the quadriceps femoris
A person is unable to extend the knee joint. Which nerve is damaged?
- Femoral nerve
An elderly man fractured his hip. Which of the following is involved? -
Neck of the femur
What is lost when the common peroneal is compressed at the level of the head of the fibula?
- Eversion [There are other possible answers, but this was the only correct answer amongst the choices provided]
Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
- Deep fibular
When a person stands on one leg, the pelvis drops on the other side. Which muscle is affected?
- Gluteus medius
Which muscle is likely to be affected in piriformis syndrome?
- Biceps femoris
Which of the following supplies inferior gamellus?
- Nerve to quadrates femoris
Which of these is the main artery that supplies the head and neck of the femur?
- Medial circumflex artery
Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip joint?
- Illiofemoral
The tendon of which muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
- Obturator internus
