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Pharmacology 2 > Week 4 - Opioids/non-opioids > Flashcards

Week 4 - Opioids/non-opioids Flashcards

Opiods

1
Q

Endogenous opioids work on opiate receptors on ______________ fibers?

A

afferent

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2
Q

Endogenous opiods block pain along the _____________ pathway

A

ascending

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3
Q

Endogenous opiods interfere with the perception of pain in _____________?

A

thalamus

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4
Q

Endogenous opiod MOA is to change the _______________ of the membrane of
pain neurons

A

permeability

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5
Q

Changing the permeability of the pain membrane results in a
decreased _____________?

A

firing potential (less likely to fire with stimulation)

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6
Q

General side effects & Adverse Events of opiods? (3)

A
  1. Euphoria
  2. CNS depression (too much = death)
  3. Addiction
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7
Q

Which receptors do Opiods work on?

A

Opiate receptors

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8
Q

Opiate receptors are found in where? (3)

A
  1. CNS (Brain, Brainstem Spinal Cord)
  2. Periphery
  3. Cells in GI tract
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9
Q

At periphery opiates may block the release of ____________________ that are related to pain and inflammation

A

neurotransmitters

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10
Q

Changes in CNS include:

A
  • BP
  • pupil diameter
  • GI secretion
  • CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone) that regulate vomiting, cough and respiration
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11
Q

CNS Adverse Effects/Events (Mild to Significant ADE): (4)

A
  • Decreased Pupil Diameter
  • Depression of Chemo Receptor Trigger Zone
  • Vomiting
  • Depression of gag reflex (Adverse)
  • Euphoria
  • Sedation (Decreased Level of Consciousness)
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12
Q

GI Adverse Effects: (3)

A
  • GI secretion
  • Motility
    - Constipation may become significant ADE if causes obstruction in patient at risk
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13
Q

CVS Effects (Adverse – dose related) (3)

A
  • Respiratory depression
  • Depression of Heart Rate
  • Decreased Blood Pressure
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14
Q

Assessment For Narcotics:
Pre-Administration

A

Full set of vitals

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15
Q

Assessment For Narcotics:
Post-Administration

A
  • Compare with pre-administration assessment
  • pain scale
  • Additional narcotics may be necessary to achieve a good effect
  • Always weigh the need tor effective pain control verse adverse effects
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16
Q

Continuous CVS monitoring should be done when giving ___
narcotics

A

IV

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17
Q

The drug _____________is the prototype/gold standard analgesic used in health care for acute and chronic pain

A

Morphine

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17
Q

Hydromorphone also known as ____________

A

Dilaudid

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18
Q

Is hydromorphone more or less potent than morphine?

A

More

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19
Q

__________________ is a Semi-synthetic derivative of morphine with same actions uses contraindications and adverse effects

A

hydromorphone

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20
Q

_____________ is an opium alkaloid that is naturally occurring

A

Codeine

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21
Q

_________________ is a weak narcotic used as an analgesic for mild pain and antitussive (cough medication)

A

Codeine

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22
Q

Is codeine less or more potent than morphine?

A

Less

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23
Q

The most common route for codeine sulfate is the ________ route

A

oral

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24
Oxycodone alternate name = ____________?
Oxycontin
25
Is oxycodone more or less potent than morphine?
More
26
Which opioid is more likely to cause dependence?
Oxycodone
27
Oxycodone combined with Acetaminophen is ___________?
Percocet
28
Alefentanil and Remfentanil are alternate names for _______________?
Fentanyl
29
Which opioid is measured in “mcg” (micrograms)?
Fentanyl
30
_____________ is mostly used in anesthesia as an adjunct for pain control and sedation and has a high risk for respiratory depression
Fentanyl
31
Meperidine alternate Drug Name = ___________
Demerol
32
Is meperidine more or less potent than morphine?
Less
33
Meperidine is synthetic, true or false?
true
34
_____________ used primarily for detoxification and maintenance of addiction
Methadone
35
_____________ synthetic drug with similar properties to morphine
Methadone
36
Opioid antagonists are semi-synthetic derivatives of _____________?
oxymorphone
37
____________________ compete with the other opioids for the nerve receptor sites
Opioid antagonists
38
Opioid antagonists have a higher _________ for these receptor sites than opioids
affinity
39
Opioid antagonist lack the specific receptor _________?
efficacy
40
___________ is a new drug for the use of opioid addiction?
Buprenorphine
41
Partial opioid example?
Buprenorphine
42
Buprenorphine and Naloxone combination is called _______________?
Suboxone
43
Loperamide is known as ___________?
Imodium
44
_______________ is effective for the treatment of a number of types of diarrhea
Loperamide (Imodium)
45
Loperamide is local effects only, true or false
True
46
NSAIDs stands for?
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
47
The best Anti-Inflammatory drugs are typically based on a __________ molecule
steroid
48
The (5) chemical categories for NSAIDS
1. Salicylates 2. Acetic Acid Derivatives 3. Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors 4. Enolic Acid Derivatives 5. Propionic Acid Derivatives
49
NSAIDs have (4) particular properties:
1) Anti-inflammatory 2) Anti-Pyretic (fever) 3) Pain relief 4) Anti-platelet
50
NSAIDs work in various degrees on the ___ and ____ pathway
PG and LT (Prostaglandins and Leukotriene)
51
_____________ are inflammatory chemicals
Leukotrienes
52
ASA is ___________?
Aspirin
53
Is there an oral form of fentanyl?
No
54
What populations must it be use with caution?
- People who have never had opioids before - Elderly
55
What is ETOH?
Ethanol (alcohol)
56
mu-1 receptor is responsible for (2)?
Analgesia and dependence
57
mu-2 receptor is vital for (5)?
euphoria, dependence, respiratory depression, miosis, decreased digestive tract motility/constipation
58
Mu-3 receptor causes (1)?
vasodilation
59
SUBLOCADE ® is injected as a liquid and then turns to a solid gel called a _________________?
Depot (Buprenorphine)
60
Does Narcan alone work sublingually?
No
61
Naloxone and Buprenorphine combined is called?
SUBOXONE®
62
Is loperamide a local or systemic affecting medication?
Local, GI only
63
Name (1) salicylate?
Aspirin
64
Name (3) Acetic Acid Derivatives?
- Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren®) - Indomethacin sulindac - Ketorolac (Toradol®)
65
Name (1) Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor?
Celecoxib (Celebrex®)
66
Name (1) Enolic Acid Derivative?
Meloxicam (Mobicox®)
67
Name (3) Propionic Acid Derivatives?
- Ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®) - Ketoprofen (Apo-Keto-E®) - Naproxen (Naprolen®, Naprosyn®, Aleve®)
68
Does PG or LT have an anti-inflammatory effect?
Leukotriene
69
Does PG or LT reduce fever and pain?
Prostaglandin
70
acetaminophen is metabolized where?
In the liver
71
ibuprophen is metabolized where?
In the kidneys
72

Pharmacology 2 (12 decks)

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