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Pharmacology 2 > Week 4 - Opioids/non-opioids > Flashcards

Week 4 - Opioids/non-opioids Flashcards

Opiods

1
Q

Endogenous opioids work on opiate receptors on ______________ fibers?

A

afferent

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2
Q

Endogenous opiods block pain along the _____________ pathway

A

ascending

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3
Q

Endogenous opiods interfere with the perception of pain in _____________?

A

thalamus

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4
Q

Endogenous opiod MOA is to change the _______________ of the membrane of
pain neurons

A

permeability

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5
Q

Changing the permeability of the pain membrane results in a
decreased _____________?

A

firing potential (less likely to fire with stimulation)

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6
Q

General side effects & Adverse Events of opiods? (3)

A
  1. Euphoria
  2. CNS depression (too much = death)
  3. Addiction
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7
Q

Which receptors do Opiods work on?

A

Opiate receptors

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8
Q

Opiate receptors are found in where? (3)

A
  1. CNS (Brain, Brainstem Spinal Cord)
  2. Periphery
  3. Cells in GI tract
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9
Q

At periphery opiates may block the release of ____________________ that are related to pain and inflammation

A

neurotransmitters

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10
Q

Changes in CNS include:

A
  • BP
  • pupil diameter
  • GI secretion
  • CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone) that regulate vomiting, cough and respiration
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11
Q

CNS Adverse Effects/Events (Mild to Significant ADE): (4)

A
  • Decreased Pupil Diameter
  • Depression of Chemo Receptor Trigger Zone
  • Vomiting
  • Depression of gag reflex (Adverse)
  • Euphoria
  • Sedation (Decreased Level of Consciousness)
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12
Q

GI Adverse Effects: (3)

A
  • GI secretion
  • Motility
    - Constipation may become significant ADE if causes obstruction in patient at risk
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13
Q

CVS Effects (Adverse – dose related) (3)

A
  • Respiratory depression
  • Depression of Heart Rate
  • Decreased Blood Pressure
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14
Q

Assessment For Narcotics:
Pre-Administration

A

Full set of vitals

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15
Q

Assessment For Narcotics:
Post-Administration

A
  • Compare with pre-administration assessment - pain scale
  • Additional narcotics may be necessary to achieve a good effect
  • Always weigh the need tor effective pain control verse adverse
    effects
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16
Q

Continuous CVS monitoring should be done when giving ___
narcotics

A

IV

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17
Q

The drug _____________is the prototype/gold standard analgesic used in health care for acute and chronic pain

A

Morphine

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17
Q

Hydromorphone also known as ____________

A

Dilaudid

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18
Q

Is hydromorphone more or less potent than morphine?

A

More

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19
Q

__________________ is a Semi-synthetic derivative of morphine with same actions uses contraindications and adverse effects

A

hydromorphone

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20
Q

_____________ is an opium alkaloid that is naturally occurring

A

Codeine

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21
Q

_________________ is a weak narcotic used as an analgesic for mild pain and antitussive (cough medication)

A

Codeine

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22
Q

Is codeine less or more potent than morphine?

A

Less

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23
Q

The most common route for codeine sulfate is the ________ route

A

oral

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24
Q

Oxycodone alternate name = ____________?

A

Oxycontin

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25
Q

Is oxycodone more or less potent than morphine?

A

More

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26
Q

Which opioid is more likely to cause dependence?

A

Oxycodone

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27
Q

Oxycodone combined with Acetaminophen is ___________?

A

Percocet

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28
Q

Alefentanil and Remfentanil are alternate names for _______________?

A

Fentanyl

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29
Q

Which opioid is measured in “mcg” (micrograms)?

A

Fentanyl

30
Q

_____________ is mostly used in anesthesia as an adjunct for pain control and sedation and has a high risk for respiratory depression

A

Fentanyl

31
Q

Meperidine alternate Drug Name = ___________

A

Demerol

32
Q

Is meperidine more or less potent than morphine?

A

Less

33
Q

Meperidine is synthetic, true or false?

A

true

34
Q

_____________ used primarily for detoxification and maintenance of
addiction

A

Methadone

35
Q

_____________ synthetic drug with similar properties to morphine

A

Methadone

36
Q

Opioid antagonists are semi-synthetic derivatives of _____________?

A

oxymorphone

37
Q

____________________ compete with the other opioids for the nerve
receptor sites

A

Opioid antagonists

38
Q

Opioid antagonists have a higher _________ for these receptor sites than opioids

A

affinity

39
Q

Opioid antagonist lack the specific receptor _________?

A

efficacy

40
Q

___________ is a new drug for the use of opioid addiction?

A

Buprenorphine

41
Q

Partial opioid example?

A

Buprenorphine

42
Q

Buprenorphine and Naloxone combination is called _______________?

A

Suboxone

43
Q

Loperamide is known as ___________?

A

Imodium

44
Q

_______________ is effective for the treatment of a number of types of diarrhea

A

Loperamide (Imodium)

45
Q

Loperamide is local effects only, true or false

A

True

46
Q

NSAIDs stands for?

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

47
Q

The best Anti-Inflammatory drugs are typically based on a __________
molecule

A

steroid

48
Q

The (5) chemical categories for NSAIDS

A
  1. Salicylates
  2. Acetic Acid Derivatives
  3. Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors
  4. Enolic Acid Derivatives
  5. Propionic Acid Derivatives
49
Q

NSAIDs have (4) particular properties:

A

1) Anti-inflammatory
2) Anti-Pyretic (fever)
3) Pain relief
4) Anti-platelet

50
Q

NSAIDs work in various degrees on the ___ and ____ pathway

A

PG and LT

(Prostaglandins and Leukotriene)

51
Q

_____________ are inflammatory chemicals

A

Leukotrienes

52
Q

ASA is ___________?

A

Aspirin

53
Q

Is there an oral form of fentanyl?

A

No

54
Q

What populations must it be use with caution?

A
  • People who have never had opioids before
  • Elderly
55
Q

What is ETOH?

A

Ethanol (alcohol)

56
Q

mu-1 receptor is responsible for (2)?

A

Analgesia and dependence

57
Q

mu-2 receptor is vital for (5)?

A

euphoria, dependence, respiratory
depression, miosis, decreased digestive tract motility/constipation

58
Q

Mu-3 receptor causes (1)?

A

vasodilation

59
Q

SUBLOCADE ® is injected as a liquid and then turns to a solid
gel called a _________________?

A

Depot (Buprenorphine)

60
Q

Does Narcan alone work sublingually?

A

No

61
Q

Naloxone and Buprenorphine combined is called?

A

SUBOXONE®

62
Q

Is loperamide a local or systemic affecting medication?

A

Local, GI only

63
Q

Name (1) salicylate?

A

Aspirin

64
Q

Name (3) Acetic Acid Derivatives?

A
  • Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren®)
  • Indomethacin sulindac
  • Ketorolac (Toradol®)
65
Q

Name (1) Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor?

A

Celecoxib (Celebrex®)

66
Q

Name (1) Enolic Acid Derivative?

A

Meloxicam (Mobicox®)

67
Q

Name (3) Propionic Acid Derivatives?

A
  • Ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®)
  • Ketoprofen (Apo-Keto-E®)
  • Naproxen (Naprolen®, Naprosyn®,
    Aleve®)
68
Q

Does PG or LT have an anti-inflammatory effect?

A

Leukotriene

69
Q

Does PG or LT reduce fever and pain?

A

Prostaglandin

70
Q

acetaminophen is metabolized where?

A

In the liver

71
Q

ibuprophen is metabolized where?

A

In the kidneys

72
Q
A

Pharmacology 2 (6 decks)

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