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Pharmacology 2 > Week 12 -Diabetic meds > Flashcards

Week 12 -Diabetic meds Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary goal of insulin therapy?

A

The maintenance of normal blood glucose levels.

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2
Q

What does BMR stand for?

A

Basal Metabolic Rate.

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3
Q

What is a bolus in insulin therapy?

A

A rapid-acting insulin dose taken to manage predictable spikes in blood glucose associated with food intake.

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4
Q

Define basal rate in the context of insulin management.

A

the amount of insulin that an insulin pump delivers to a person with diabetes to replace what their body doesn’t produce naturally

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5
Q

What is the significance of insulin sensitivity factor (ISF)?

A

It indicates how much 1 unit of rapid-acting insulin will lower blood glucose levels.

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6
Q

What does the term “insulin on board” (IOB) refer to?

A

The amount of active insulin remaining in the body from previous doses.

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7
Q

What is the difference between a pumper and an injector?

A

A pumper uses an insulin pump for continuous delivery, while an injector uses insulin injections.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of carb counting in diabetes management?

A

To determine the amount of insulin needed based on carbohydrate intake.

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9
Q

What is the typical insulin to carbohydrate ratio (IC ratio)?

A

It varies by individual, commonly ranging from 1 unit of insulin for every 10 to 15 grams of carbohydrates.

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10
Q

What are the two main types of insulin delivery methods?

A

Insulin pumps and insulin injections.

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11
Q

What is insulin stacking?

A

The accumulation of active insulin in the blood due to overlapping doses, which can lead to hypoglycemia.

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12
Q

How does an insulin pump function?

A

It delivers a continuous basal rate of insulin and allows for bolus doses as needed.

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13
Q

What is the role of glucagon in diabetes management?

A

It is used to treat severe hypoglycemia by raising blood glucose levels.

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14
Q

What is the typical action time for rapid-acting insulin?

A

It usually starts working within 15 minutes and lasts for about 2 to 4 hours.

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15
Q

What is the purpose of a sliding scale in insulin administration?

A

To adjust insulin doses based on current blood glucose levels.

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16
Q

What are the potential disadvantages of using an insulin pump?

A

Higher cost, risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and the need for frequent blood sugar testing.

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17
Q

What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon?

A

Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon raises them, maintaining glucose homeostasis

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18
Q

What factors can affect a patient’s basal metabolic rate?

A

Age, sex, weight, and activity level.

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19
Q

What is the typical blood glucose target range for most diabetics?

A

Generally between 4.0 to 7.0 mmol/L before meals.

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20
Q

How can illness affect insulin requirements?

A

Illness can increase insulin needs due to stress and hormonal changes.

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21
Q

What is the function of long-acting insulin?

A

To provide a steady level of insulin over an extended period, covering basal needs.

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22
Q

What is the importance of timing insulin doses?

A

Proper timing helps match insulin action with blood glucose spikes to prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

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23
Q

What is the role of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)?

A

To provide real-time glucose readings and trends, helping to manage insulin delivery.

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24
Q

What is the typical duration of action for long-acting insulin?

A

It can last from 12 to 24 hours, depending on the specific insulin used.

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25
What is the significance of the term "prandial" in diabetes management?
It refers to insulin needs related to meals and the associated glucose spikes.
26
How does physical activity influence insulin sensitivity?
Exercise generally increases insulin sensitivity, allowing for better glucose uptake by cells.
27
What is the potential consequence of mismatching insulin and glucose patterns?
It can lead to episodes of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
28
What is the purpose of using a correction factor in insulin therapy?
To adjust insulin doses based on current blood glucose levels that are outside the target range.
29
What are the common symptoms of hypoglycemia?
Symptoms include shakiness, sweating, confusion, and irritability.
30
What is the recommended treatment for mild hypoglycemia?
Consuming fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets or juice.
31
What is the role of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism?
Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells for energy.
32
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in terms of insulin production?
Type 1 diabetes involves little to no insulin production, while type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance and often reduced insulin production.
33
What is the purpose of using rapid-acting insulin before meals?
To manage the immediate rise in blood glucose levels after eating.
34
How can stress affect blood glucose levels?
Stress can raise blood glucose levels due to the release of counter-regulatory hormones.
35
What is the significance of the term "counter-regulatory hormones"?
These hormones, such as glucagon and epinephrine, work to increase blood glucose levels when they drop too low.
36
What is the typical action time for intermediate-acting insulin?
It usually starts working within 1 to 3 hours and lasts for about 10 to 16 hours.
37
What is the importance of regular blood glucose monitoring?
It helps to track glucose levels and adjust insulin therapy accordingly.
38
What is the role of dietary fiber in carbohydrate counting?
Fiber is typically excluded from carbohydrate counts as it does not significantly affect blood glucose levels.
39
What is the potential impact of alcohol on blood glucose levels?
Alcohol can cause both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, depending on the amount consumed and food intake.
40
What is the purpose of insulin therapy in diabetes management?
To mimic the natural insulin release of the pancreas and maintain blood glucose levels within a target range.
41
What is the typical onset time for long-acting insulin?
It usually begins to work within 1 to 2 hours after injection.
42
How does carbohydrate intake affect insulin dosing?
Higher carbohydrate intake requires more insulin to manage the resulting increase in blood glucose.
43
What is the significance of the term "active insulin"?
It refers to the insulin that is currently working in the body to lower blood glucose levels.
44
What is the role of the pancreas in glucose regulation?
The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels
45
What is the typical duration of action for rapid-acting insulin?
It lasts about 2 to 4 hours.
46
What is the importance of individualized insulin therapy?
Each patient's insulin needs can vary based on factors like lifestyle, diet, and activity level.
47
What is the potential risk of insulin overdose?
It can lead to severe hypoglycemia, which can be life-threatening.
48
What is the role of education in diabetes management?
Education helps patients understand their condition and make informed decisions about their care.
49
What is the purpose of using a diabetes management plan?
To provide a structured approach to managing blood glucose levels and overall health.
50
How can technology assist in diabetes management?
Technology, such as insulin pumps and CGMs, can provide more precise control over blood glucose levels.
51
What is the significance of maintaining a healthy diet in diabetes management?
A balanced diet helps regulate blood glucose levels and supports overall health.
52
What is the role of exercise in managing diabetes?
Regular physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and helps control blood glucose levels.
53
What is the potential impact of weight gain on insulin sensitivity?
Weight gain can decrease insulin sensitivity, making blood glucose control more challenging.
54
What is the importance of regular follow-up with healthcare providers?
Regular check-ups help monitor diabetes management and adjust treatment as needed.
55
What is the role of patient support groups in diabetes management?
They provide emotional support and shared experiences, which can enhance coping strategies.
56
What is the significance of understanding personal blood glucose patterns?
Recognizing patterns helps in making informed decisions about insulin dosing and lifestyle changes.
57
What is the potential effect of sleep on blood glucose levels?
Poor sleep can lead to increased insulin resistance and higher blood glucose levels.
58
What is the role of stress management in diabetes care?
Effective stress management can help maintain stable blood glucose levels
59
What is the importance of hydration in diabetes management?
Staying hydrated helps maintain overall health and can influence blood glucose levels.
60
What is the role of continuous education in diabetes management?
Ongoing education helps patients stay informed about new treatments and management strategies.
61
What is the significance of understanding the pharmacokinetics of insulin?
Knowledge of how insulin works in the body helps in effective dosing and timing.
62
What is the potential impact of hormonal changes on diabetes management?
Hormonal fluctuations can affect insulin sensitivity and blood glucose levels.
63
What is the role of meal planning in diabetes management?
Meal planning helps control carbohydrate intake and maintain stable blood glucose levels.
64
What is the importance of recognizing the signs of hyperglycemia?
Early recognition allows for timely intervention to prevent complications
65
What is the role of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes?
Insulin therapy may be necessary when oral medications are insufficient to control blood glucose.
66
What is the significance of understanding the glycemic index of foods?
Foods with a lower glycemic index have a smaller impact on blood glucose levels.
67
What is the potential effect of smoking on diabetes management?
Smoking can worsen insulin resistance and increase the risk of complications.
68
What is the role of regular physical exams in diabetes care?
Regular exams help monitor for complications and assess overall health.
69
What is the importance of setting realistic goals in diabetes management?
Realistic goals help maintain motivation and improve adherence to treatment plans
70
What is the significance of understanding the relationship between food and insulin?
Understanding this relationship helps in making informed dietary choices and insulin dosing.
71
What is the role of family support in diabetes management?
Family support can enhance adherence to treatment and provide emotional encouragement.
72
What is the potential impact of seasonal changes on diabetes management?
Seasonal changes can affect activity levels, food availability, and insulin needs.
73
What is the importance of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG)?
SMBG helps patients track their glucose levels and make necessary adjustments to their management plan.
74
What is the role of healthcare teams in diabetes management?
Healthcare teams provide comprehensive care and support for effective diabetes management.
75
What is the significance of understanding diabetes-related complications?
Awareness of complications helps in proactive management and prevention strategies.
76
What is the potential effect of dietary supplements on diabetes management?
Some supplements may interact with medications or affect blood glucose levels; consultation with a healthcare provider is essential.
77
What is the role of patient empowerment in diabetes care?
Empowering patients to take an active role in their care can lead to better outcomes.
78
What is the importance of understanding the emotional aspects of diabetes?
Addressing emotional challenges can improve adherence to treatment and overall well-being.
79
What is the significance of having a diabetes management plan?
A management plan provides structure and guidance for daily diabetes care.
80
What is the role of research in advancing diabetes treatment?
Research leads to new therapies and improved understanding of diabetes management.

Pharmacology 2 (12 decks)

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