Week 4 L1- intro into soft bone

Question 1

musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

bone- Joint
muscle-skeletal muscle voluntary striated
connective tissue- Tendon, ligaments and cartillage

Question 2

functions of skeletal system

Answer 2

movements, support, haematopoesis, calcium storage and protection of vital organs

Question 3

bone classification

Answer 3

short, long, irregular, sesamoid, sutured, flat

Question 4

type of bone for patella aka knee cap

Answer 4

sesamoid

Question 5

bone cells

Answer 5

osteogenic cell-bone stem cell
osteocyte
osteoblast
osteoclast

Question 6

osteocyte

Answer 6

mature bone cell formed when osteoblast embedded in its secretion and sense mechanical strain to regulate osteoblast and osteoclast activity

Question 7

osteoblast

Answer 7

secrete osteoid and catalyse its mineralisation

found at periosteum and endosperm, growing site of bone

Question 8

osteoclast

Answer 8

dissolve and resorb bone by phagocytosis

found at surfaces of old, damaged or unneeded bone

Question 9

osteogenic cell location

Answer 9

periosteum,

Question 10

osteogenic cell location

Answer 10

bone matrix

Question 11

bone matrix component

Answer 11

organic and inorganic component
organic-Type 1 collagen and ground substance ( proteoglycans and glycoproteins, cytokine and GF)
inorganic- calcium hydroxyapatite and osteoporosis calcium phosphate

Question 12

bone types

Answer 12

woven or lamellar which subdivides into cortical and cancellous

Question 13

cortical bone

Answer 13

compact dense and suitable for weight bearing

Question 14

cancellous bone

Answer 14

spongy and honeycomb structure, not suitable for weight bearing

Question 15

Harversian canal

Answer 15

contain blood vessel, nerves and lymphatics

Question 16

Lacunae

Answer 16

small spaces containing osteocytes

Question 17

Volksman canal

Answer 17

transverse perforating canals

Question 18

long bone structure

Answer 18

refer to notes

Question 19

intramembranous ossification

Answer 19

mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblast
osteoblast trapped into the osteoid secretion-osteocytes
formation of trabecular matrix and periosteum
compact bone develop superficial to cancellous bone and blood vessels condense into bone marrow

Question 20

ossification centre

Answer 20

primary-diaphysis

secondary-epiphysis

Question 21

bone lengthening

Answer 21

change on chondrocytes, matrix production, mitosis, accumulation of glycogen lipids and alkaline phosphates which calcifies, cell death and spongiosa to replace by bone

Question 22

appostitional growth

Answer 22

deposition of bone beneath the periosteum to increase thickness

Question 23

outline calcium regulation by PTH and calcitonin

Answer 23

refer to notes

Question 24

tendon

Answer 24

microstructure- parallel arrays of collagen fibre packed together-collagen, elastin, proteoglycan and inorganic components
bone to muscle attach-transmit muscle force, elastic energy storage or recoil and resist compressive stress

Question 25

ligaments

Answer 25

connect bone to bone to stabilise the joint
enable proprioception through proprioceptors
transmit pain signal through type C fibres
contain type 1 and type 3 collagen and fibroblast cells

Question 26

collagen location

Answer 26

type 1-dermis tendon ligament bone
type 2-cartilage nucleus and pulposus
type 3-skin wall vessel and reticular fibre of most tissues