Week 4 L1- intro into soft bone Flashcards
musculoskeletal system
bone- Joint
muscle-skeletal muscle voluntary striated
connective tissue- Tendon, ligaments and cartillage
functions of skeletal system
movements, support, haematopoesis, calcium storage and protection of vital organs
bone classification
short, long, irregular, sesamoid, sutured, flat
type of bone for patella aka knee cap
sesamoid
bone cells
osteogenic cell-bone stem cell
osteocyte
osteoblast
osteoclast
osteocyte
mature bone cell formed when osteoblast embedded in its secretion and sense mechanical strain to regulate osteoblast and osteoclast activity
osteoblast
secrete osteoid and catalyse its mineralisation
found at periosteum and endosperm, growing site of bone
osteoclast
dissolve and resorb bone by phagocytosis
found at surfaces of old, damaged or unneeded bone
osteogenic cell location
periosteum,
osteogenic cell location
bone matrix
bone matrix component
organic and inorganic component
organic-Type 1 collagen and ground substance ( proteoglycans and glycoproteins, cytokine and GF)
inorganic- calcium hydroxyapatite and osteoporosis calcium phosphate
bone types
woven or lamellar which subdivides into cortical and cancellous
cortical bone
compact dense and suitable for weight bearing
cancellous bone
spongy and honeycomb structure, not suitable for weight bearing
Harversian canal
contain blood vessel, nerves and lymphatics
Lacunae
small spaces containing osteocytes
Volksman canal
transverse perforating canals
long bone structure
refer to notes
intramembranous ossification
mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblast
osteoblast trapped into the osteoid secretion-osteocytes
formation of trabecular matrix and periosteum
compact bone develop superficial to cancellous bone and blood vessels condense into bone marrow
ossification centre
primary-diaphysis
secondary-epiphysis
bone lengthening
change on chondrocytes, matrix production, mitosis, accumulation of glycogen lipids and alkaline phosphates which calcifies, cell death and spongiosa to replace by bone
appostitional growth
deposition of bone beneath the periosteum to increase thickness
outline calcium regulation by PTH and calcitonin
refer to notes
tendon
microstructure- parallel arrays of collagen fibre packed together-collagen, elastin, proteoglycan and inorganic components
bone to muscle attach-transmit muscle force, elastic energy storage or recoil and resist compressive stress
ligaments
connect bone to bone to stabilise the joint
enable proprioception through proprioceptors
transmit pain signal through type C fibres
contain type 1 and type 3 collagen and fibroblast cells
collagen location
type 1-dermis tendon ligament bone
type 2-cartilage nucleus and pulposus
type 3-skin wall vessel and reticular fibre of most tissues
