week 3-L8 sex hormone during life

Question 1

puberty

Answer 1

maturation of reproductive organs
production of steroids
develop secondary sexual characteristics
attain capability to reproduce

Question 2

tanner staging

Answer 2

graded from 1-5 aka prepuberty to adult

thelarche in girls, genitalia in boys and pubarche in both

Question 3

gonadarche

Answer 3

activation of the gonads by HPG axis

Question 4

thelarche

Answer 4

breast development

Question 5

menarche

Answer 5

menstrual cycle

Question 6

spermarche

Answer 6

spermatogenesis

Question 7

adrenarche

Answer 7

adrenal androgen production

Question 8

pubarche

Answer 8

pubis hair development

Question 9

why pubarche and adrenarche together?

Answer 9

adrenal androgen contribute to pubic hair development

Question 10

secondary sexual characteristics in girls

Answer 10

oestradiol:
breast development, hair growth( pubic, auxiliary), sweat gland composition (skin oiliness and acne)
changes to external genitalia

Question 11

secondary sexual characteristics in boys

Answer 11

testosterone:
deepening of the voice,hair growth( pubic, auxiliary and facial), sweat gland composition (skin oiliness and acne)
changes to external genitalia

Question 12

sequence of pubertal events in girls

Answer 12

6-9 adrenarche
11-15 breast tanner
11.5-15 pubic hair tanner
14 onwards menarche

Question 13

sequence of pubertal events in boys

Answer 13

7-10 adrenarche
12-16 testes arche tanner
12.5-16 pubic hair tanner
14 onwards spemarche

Question 14

puberty onset

Answer 14

boys: 9-14
girls: 8-13

Question 15

first and late signs of puberty in girls

Answer 15

thelarche and menarche

Question 16

first and late signs of puberty in boys

Answer 16

testicular size:
prepubertal- <4ml
adult size- >15ml

Question 17

hormonal change during puberty

Answer 17

increase in DS and the DHEA- and adrenal androgen especially in girls
increase in FSH and LH
testosterone and oestradiol increase

Question 18

HPG axis

Answer 18

hypothalamus GnRH release in pulsatile way
gonadotroph cells in pituitary gland secrete LH and FSH aka gonadotrophin
testes and ovaries secrete testosterone and oestrogen respectively

Question 19

Gonadarche-GnRH secretion

Answer 19

low during childhood, increase during puberty and normal higher rate during adulthood

Question 20

mini puberty

Answer 20

needed for early maturation of the organs,

Question 21

abnormal onset of puberty

Answer 21

precocious-<8yrs more common in girls

delayed- >14 yrs more common in boys

Question 22

primary amenorrhea

Answer 22

no periods before 16 yrs

Question 23

secondary amenorrhea

Answer 23

already had periods but stopped or became irregular for 18 months
periods starts but stops for at least 3-6 months

Question 24

normal menstrual cycle

Answer 24

28 days (24-has 35 days)

Question 25

Amenorrhea

Answer 25

absence of periods 3-6 months

Question 26

oligo-menorrhea

Answer 26

irregular or infrequent periods > 35 days