Week 4 - Joints Flashcards
Name the three types of joints
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Give an example of a Fibrous joint
Structures between cranial bones
Give an example of Cartilaginous joint
Intervertebral discs
Give an example of a synovial joint
Hinge (elbow)
State the range of movement at the Fibrous joint
Little to no movement
State the range of movement at the Cartilaginous joint
Small amount of movement
Name two types of synovial joints
- Hinge Joints
- Ball and Socket Joints
State the function of the synovial membrane
Connective tissue which lines the inner surface of the capsule of a synovial joint and secretes synovial fluid
Describe two homeostatic imbalances that occur at synovial joints
- Sprains
- Dislocations
Describe a sprain
- Twisting of joint that stretches or tears ligaments (mostly ankle, knee, lumbar spine)
- Painful & immobilising
- May damage nearby blood vessels, muscles or tendons
- Swelling and haemorrhage from blood vessels
Describe a dislocation
Displacement of a bone from a joint
What is most commonly dislocated?
Jaw, shoulder, fingers, thumbs
What are the different types of range of movements?
- Extension
- Flexion
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Circumduction
- Rotation
- Hyperextension
- Inversion
- Eversion
- Planter flexion
- Dorsiflexion
- Pronation
- Supination
What type of joints can preform Flexion and extension?
- Elbow
- Knee
- Hip
- Shoulder
What type of joints can preform Abduction and adduction?
- Hip
- Shoulder
What types of joints can preform Circumduction?
- Hip
- Shoulder
- Wrist
What type of joints can preform rotation?
- Head
- Shoulder
- Hip
Define Hyperextension
Joint has been forced to move beyond its normal range of motion
What joints can hyperextend?
- Knees
- Ankles
- Elbow
- Neck
- Fingers
What joint can preform Inversion, Eversion, Planter flexion and dorsiflexion?
Ankle
What joint can preform supination and pronation?
Proximal radioulnar joint. (Forearm)
Where is the Menisci located?
Attached to the shinbone (Tibia)
What are the 3 functions of the Menisci?
- Act to disperse the weight of the body and reduce friction during movement. (the menisci spread the load of the body’s weight.) - Provide Stability
- Absorb Shock
- Provide lubrication and nutrition to the knee joint.
Location of the Bursae
Are located next to the tendons near large joints (Shoulders, knees, hips, elbows)
Function of the Bursae?
Closed, fluid-filled sac that works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body.
Explain why the hip joint is more stable than the shoulder joint
Due to the deep socket (Acetabulum) and strong capsule/accessory ligaments and muscles
Describe three age related changes that occur with joints
- Decreased production of synovial fluid
- Thinning of the articular cartilage resulting in osteoarthritis
- Loss of ligament length and flexibility
Describe the specific changes that occur with osteoarthritis
- Deterioration of articular cartilage and bone spur formation
- Primarily affects weight-bearing joints
Explain the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis occurs when the smooth cartilage joint surface wears out. Osteoarthritis usually begins in an isolated joint. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, which means that the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body instead of intruders.
A ball-and-socket joint of the lower extremity is the…
Hip Joint
Fluid-filled sacs that help cushion certain joints are the…
Bursae
The elbow joint is a…
Hinge Joint
The inner lining of the synovial cavity is called the…
Synovial membrane
The movement of head when you tilt it back to look at something above you is called…
Hyperextension
The point of contact between bones is an…
Articulation
When you bend the ankle to lift the toes toward the knee your ankle is…
Dorsiflexed
The body of the sternum articulates directly or indirectly with the
Cartilages of the second through tenth ribs
What type of movement are Synovial joints?
Freely movable
