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Nursing Science 2 - EXAM 1 > Week 4 - Joints > Flashcards

Week 4 - Joints Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the three types of joints

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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2
Q

Give an example of a Fibrous joint

A

Structures between cranial bones

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3
Q

Give an example of Cartilaginous joint

A

Intervertebral discs

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4
Q

Give an example of a synovial joint

A

Hinge (elbow)

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5
Q

State the range of movement at the Fibrous joint

A

Little to no movement

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6
Q

State the range of movement at the Cartilaginous joint

A

Small amount of movement

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7
Q

Name two types of synovial joints

A
  • Hinge Joints

- Ball and Socket Joints

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8
Q

State the function of the synovial membrane

A

Connective tissue which lines the inner surface of the capsule of a synovial joint and secretes synovial fluid

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9
Q

Describe two homeostatic imbalances that occur at synovial joints

A
  • Sprains

- Dislocations

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10
Q

Describe a sprain

A
  • Twisting of joint that stretches or tears ligaments (mostly ankle, knee, lumbar spine)
  • Painful & immobilising
  • May damage nearby blood vessels, muscles or tendons
  • Swelling and haemorrhage from blood vessels
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11
Q

Describe a dislocation

A

Displacement of a bone from a joint

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12
Q

What is most commonly dislocated?

A

Jaw, shoulder, fingers, thumbs

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13
Q

What are the different types of range of movements?

A
  • Extension
  • Flexion
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Circumduction
  • Rotation
  • Hyperextension
  • Inversion
  • Eversion
  • Planter flexion
  • Dorsiflexion
  • Pronation
  • Supination
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14
Q

What type of joints can preform Flexion and extension?

A
  • Elbow
  • Knee
  • Hip
  • Shoulder
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15
Q

What type of joints can preform Abduction and adduction?

A
  • Hip

- Shoulder

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16
Q

What types of joints can preform Circumduction?

A
  • Hip
  • Shoulder
  • Wrist
17
Q

What type of joints can preform rotation?

A
  • Head
  • Shoulder
  • Hip
18
Q

Define Hyperextension

A

Joint has been forced to move beyond its normal range of motion

19
Q

What joints can hyperextend?

A
  • Knees
  • Ankles
  • Elbow
  • Neck
  • Fingers
20
Q

What joint can preform Inversion, Eversion, Planter flexion and dorsiflexion?

A

Ankle

21
Q

What joint can preform supination and pronation?

A

Proximal radioulnar joint. (Forearm)

22
Q

Where is the Menisci located?

A

Attached to the shinbone (Tibia)

23
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Menisci?

A
  • Act to disperse the weight of the body and reduce friction during movement. (the menisci spread the load of the body’s weight.) - Provide Stability
  • Absorb Shock
  • Provide lubrication and nutrition to the knee joint.
24
Q

Location of the Bursae

A

Are located next to the tendons near large joints (Shoulders, knees, hips, elbows)

25
Q

Function of the Bursae?

A

Closed, fluid-filled sac that works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body.

26
Q

Explain why the hip joint is more stable than the shoulder joint

A

Due to the deep socket (Acetabulum) and strong capsule/accessory ligaments and muscles

27
Q

Describe three age related changes that occur with joints

A
  • Decreased production of synovial fluid
  • Thinning of the articular cartilage resulting in osteoarthritis
  • Loss of ligament length and flexibility
28
Q

Describe the specific changes that occur with osteoarthritis

A
  • Deterioration of articular cartilage and bone spur formation
  • Primarily affects weight-bearing joints
29
Q

Explain the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis occurs when the smooth cartilage joint surface wears out. Osteoarthritis usually begins in an isolated joint. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, which means that the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body instead of intruders.

30
Q

A ball-and-socket joint of the lower extremity is the…

A

Hip Joint

31
Q

Fluid-filled sacs that help cushion certain joints are the…

A

Bursae

32
Q

The elbow joint is a…

A

Hinge Joint

33
Q

The inner lining of the synovial cavity is called the…

A

Synovial membrane

34
Q

The movement of head when you tilt it back to look at something above you is called…

A

Hyperextension

35
Q

The point of contact between bones is an…

A

Articulation

36
Q

When you bend the ankle to lift the toes toward the knee your ankle is…

A

Dorsiflexed

37
Q

The body of the sternum articulates directly or indirectly with the

A

Cartilages of the second through tenth ribs

38
Q

What type of movement are Synovial joints?

A

Freely movable

Nursing Science 2 - EXAM 1 (15 decks)

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