Week 3 - Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the three functions of the lymphatic system

A
  • Drain excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces and return it to the blood
  • Transport lipids and lipid soluble vitamins from the villi in the small intestine to the blood
  • As part of the immune system destroys microbes and cancerous or foreign cells
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2
Q

Name the cells of lymph nodes

A
  • B cells (lymphocyte)
  • T cells (lymphocyte)
  • Macrophages (phagocyte)
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3
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

In bone marrow

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4
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

The Thymus

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5
Q

What is the function of lymphocytes in the nodes?

A

Stimulate immune responses

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6
Q

What is the function of the macrophages in the nodes?

A

Destroy foreign substances through phagocytosis

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7
Q

Where are Lymph nodes located?

A

Along lymphatic vessels
- Scattered throughout body but concentrated in
cervical axillary and inguinal regions

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8
Q

Where are Lymph Nodules located?

A

Concentrations of lymphatic tissue not surrounded by a capsule and scattered throughout connective tissue of mucous membranes

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9
Q

What shape are lymph nodes?

A

Bean shaped surrounded by a capsule about 2.5cm

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10
Q

Name three areas of lymphatic nodules

A
  • Peyer’s patches in the ileum of the small intestine
  • Appendix contains lymph tissue destroys bacteria
  • Tonsils form ring at top of throat
    - Adenoids (pharyngeal tonsil)
    - Palatine tonsils (on each side wall)
    - Lingual tonsil in the back of the tongue
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11
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the spleen

A

Located in the left hypochondriac region, between stomach and diaphragm

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12
Q

State three functions of the spleen

A
  • Remove damaged blood cells and platelets
  • Stores red blood cells
  • Performs immune functions as per lymph nodes
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13
Q

Describe how / why cancer & infection spreads through the lymphatic tissue

A

Because the lymphatic system is a filter, it can get overwhelmed by the numbers of pathogens which multiply causing infection or cancer cells which multiply, forming a secondary tumour in the lymph

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14
Q

What features are observable with cancerous lymph nodes?

A
  • Firm
  • Enlarged
  • Non-tender
  • Fixed to underlying structures
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15
Q

What features are observable with infected lymph nodes?

A
  • Softer
  • Enlarged
  • Very tender
  • Movable
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16
Q

Where do afferent lymph vessels carry lymph towards?

A

Lymph Nodes

17
Q

True or false; neutralisation of an antigen by an antibody is a non-specific defence mechanism?

A

False

18
Q

An activated B cell develops into a clone of what?

A

Antibody-producing plasma cells

19
Q

Complement attracts…

A

Phagocytic cells and is chemotactic

20
Q

Cytotoxic T cells can kill target cells directly by secreting

A

Perforin and granulysin

21
Q

Emigration refers to the..

A

Movement of cells from the circulatory system into infected areas

22
Q

Interferon is produced in response to the presence of…

A

Viruses

23
Q

Lymphocytes that destroy cancerous cells in a non-specific fashion are called

A

Natural Killer Cells

24
Q

Natural killer cells are

A

Lymphocytes

25
Q

The antibodies involved in allergic reactions are…

A

In the igE class

26
Q

The first stage of inflammation is..

A

Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels

27
Q

True or false, the lymphatic system carries out immune responses and transporting dietary lipids

A

True

28
Q

The largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the adult human body is the…

A

Spleen

29
Q

The most abundant type of immunoglobulin in the serum is…

A

igG

30
Q

What is the proper sequence of phases in the process of phagocytosis is

A

Chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion

31
Q

What are the two major types of phagocytic cells?

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

32
Q

What type of cell is derived from monocytes?

A

Wandering macrophage

33
Q

What is a specific body defence mechanism?

A

Immunity