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Nursing Science 2 - EXAM 1 > Week 1 - Nutrition > Flashcards

Week 1 - Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Name the six types of nutrients

A
  • Water
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Minerals
  • Vitamins
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2
Q

State the major source of energy for the body

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

Name the three monosaccharides that are absorbed

A
  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
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4
Q

State the end products of digestion of triglycerides

A
  • Cholesterol
  • Fat-soluble Vitamins
  • Fatty Acids
  • Glycerol
  • Monoglycerides
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5
Q

State the 5 types of lipids

A
  • Fatty Acid
  • Triglycerides
  • Phospholipids
  • Steroids
  • Prostaglandins
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6
Q

State the function of Fatty Acids

A

Used as an energy storage, if Glucose isn’t available for energy the body will use fatty acids to fuel the cells instead

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7
Q

State the function of Triglycerides

A

Protection from injury, insulation from the cold and energy storage

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8
Q

State the function of Phospholipids

A

Component of cell membranes & lipoproteins

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9
Q

State the function of Steroids

A

Chemical compounds made up of rings of carbon atoms, play an essential role in physiological functions including:

  • growth
  • energy metabolism
  • development
  • homeostasis
  • reproduction
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10
Q

State the function of Prostaglandins

A

Local hormones released from damaged cells that intensify the effects of histamine and induce pain

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11
Q

What is the overall function of lipoproteins?

A

Transport lipids in the blood

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12
Q

Why do we need lipoproteins?

A

Because Triglycerides and cholesterol are insoluble in water, so don’t circulate freely in the blood

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13
Q

How are triglycerides and cholesterol transported?

A

In the core of lipid-protein complexes called lipoproteins

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14
Q

How are lipoproteins described?

A

By their density

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15
Q

Name the three different types of Lipoproteins

A
  • Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
  • Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
  • High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
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16
Q

What is the function of VLDL?

A

Deliver triglycerides to adipose tissue

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17
Q

What is the function of LDL?

A

Transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues

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18
Q

What is the function of HDL?

A

Remove excess cholesterol from the peripheral tissues

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19
Q

Describe the clinical significance of raised LDL

A

LDL deposits the excess cholesterol in the artery wall where it forms into fatty plaque. This builds up to block arteries causing strokes and heart attacks

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20
Q

What is cholesterol used for?

A
  • Make hormones
  • Cell membranes
  • Store it for later
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21
Q

State the end product of the digestion of proteins

A

Amino Acids

22
Q

What is the overall function of Amino Acids?

A

Absorbed into the blood & delivered to cells. These cells use the amino acids as building blocks to manufacture the proteins they need

23
Q

Name seven different types of proteins

A
  • Structural Proteins
  • Hormones
  • Contractile Proteins
  • Antibodies
  • Haemoglobin
  • Enzymes
  • Neurotransmitters
24
Q

What is the function of Structural Proteins?

A

Provide strength (eg. Collagen in bones)

25
Q

What is the function of Hormones?

A

Acts as the body’s chemical messenger, they carry information and instructions from one set of cells to another

26
Q

What is the function of Contractile proteins?

A

Allow shortening of muscle cells

27
Q

What is the function of antibodies?

A

Provide protection against foreign cells & bacteria

28
Q

What is the function of haemoglobin?

A

Transports oxygen in red blood cells

29
Q

What is the function of enzymes?

A

Speed up chemical reactions

30
Q

What is the function of Neurotransmitters?

A

Transmit signals from nerve cells to target cells

31
Q

Name the four fat-soluble vitamins

A
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin K
32
Q

What is the function of Vitamin A?

A
  • Helps form and maintain healthy teeth, skeletal and soft tissue, mucus membranes, and skin,
  • Formation of photoreceptors in retina
33
Q

What is the function of Vitamin D?

A

Maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus.

34
Q

What is the function of Vitamin E?

A

Promote wound healing, prevent scarring, function, formation of RNA, DNA & RBC’s, Protects cell membranes from being destroyed

35
Q

What is the function of Vitamin K?

A

Plays a role in blood clotting, bone metabolism, and regulating blood calcium levels.

36
Q

Explain the function of antioxidant vitamins

A

They inactivate oxygen free radicals and protect against damage to the body

37
Q

Name the 9 minerals

A
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorus
  • Iron
  • Magnesium
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Iodine
  • Zinc
  • Fluoride
38
Q

Function of Calcium

A

Needed for blood clotting, bone , nerve and muscle formation

39
Q

Function of Phosphorus

A

Aids in bone formation and used to make ATP,DNA,RNA and phospholipids

40
Q

Function of Iron

A

Required for enzyme reactions, RBC formation & function

41
Q

Function of Magnesium

A

Normal functioning of muscle & nervous tissue, formation of bone, aids other enzymes

42
Q

Function of Sodium

A

Essential for nerve and muscle function and maintaining fluid balance

43
Q

Function of Potassium

A

Conduction of action potentials in neurons & muscle tissue

44
Q

Function of Iodine

A

Required for thyroid hormone synthesis

45
Q

Function of Zinc

A

Growth, wound healing, taste & appetite, reproductive function, protein digestion, helps other enzymes

46
Q

Function of Fluoride

A

Improve tooth structure (enamel)

47
Q

Function of Vitamin B12

A

Red blood cell formation

48
Q

How many groups of different vitamins do we have?

A

2, water-soluble and fat-soluble

49
Q

Name 3 differences between the water and fat-soluble vitamins

A

FAT-SOLUBLE:

  • Need dietary lipids to aid efficient absorption
  • Can be stored for later use.
  • Vitamin K is made in the large intestine from bacteria

WATER-SOLUBLE:

  • Absorbed with water in digestive system
  • Cannot be stored in the body
  • Excess quantities are excreted in the urine
50
Q

Name the fat-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin:

  • D
  • E
  • K
  • A
51
Q

Name the water-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin:

  • B
  • C

Nursing Science 2 - EXAM 1 (15 decks)

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