Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What’re the ethical guidelines of psychological study?

A
  • informed consent
  • risk outweighed by positives
  • deception only used when necessary and..
  • debriefing afterwards to asses harm and explain shit
  • children must have constant
  • general principals of: justice, beneficence, respect, integrity
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2
Q

Timeline of ethics?

A
  1. Nuremberg code (47): voluntary participation and informed consent. Written during nazi trails.
  2. Declaration of Helsinki(64): researchers must be competenet and out weight risks. Benefit vs. harm and review of research proposals.
  3. National research act (74): review boards to develop ethical guidelines.
  4. Belmont report (78): published set of guidelines. Respect, beneficence, justice, selection of participants, informed consent.
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3
Q

Types of extraneous variables?

A
Individual difference
Situational difference
Random
Experimentor difference
Confounding
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4
Q

What is a quasi-independent variable?

A

Where the variables are indirectly manipulated. I.e. gender cannot directly be manipulated, can only observe how manipulation affects it.

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5
Q

A good hypothesis should?

A

Drive mad
Dependant variable and its relationship with the Independant variable and Explain how the variables will be Measured and Defined.

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6
Q

What are the four types of measurement scales?

A

Nominal: scales differing only by qualitative names. (Non-specific order, i.e. single married divorced)

Ordinal: ordered scale where distance between scales is not the same. ( specific order, i.e. 1-10, rank order)

Ratio: ordered constant scale some intervals, a natural 0. (I.e. speed, length)

Interval: ordered constant measurement scale, intervals are exact same, no natural 0. (I.e. temperature)

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7
Q

What is reliability?

How is reliability assessed?

A

Refers to the consistency of a measure and how it is affected by error.

  1. Split-half reliability: measures are split in half, is there consistency between halves.
  2. Internal consistency: consistency of peoples responses overtime. If they change it can be argued they are no longer measuring the same underlying construct.
  3. Inter-rater eliability: extent to which different overservers are consistent overtime.
  4. Test retest: extent to which measurement of a specific contrast is consistent over time.
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8
Q

What are the factors of reliability?

A

Concurrent: does the test relate to an existing measure

Predictive: does the test predict later performance on related criteria

Convergent: criteria can also include other measures of the same construct

Face: extent to which it appears to measure what its meant to

Discriminant : extent to which scores on a measure are not correlated with measures of variables that are conceptionally distinct.

Construct: whether the assessment reflects what’s being assessed.

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9
Q

What is validity?

A

Refers to whether something measures what its supposed to.

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