Week 1 (2)

Question 1

Explain the central route of ELM?

Answer 1

Content is most important than the communicator

Question 2

What is the elaboration likelihood model?

Answer 2

A model which suggests that an attitude can change by evaluation of content of a persuasive message (Central) or by irrelevant persuasion cues surrounding the message (Peripheral).

Question 3

Describe the routes of ELM?

Answer 3

Central:

• High elaboration (of msg.)
• Careful processing of message
• Change depends on the quality of the message itself.

Peripheral:

• Low elaboration
• No careful processing
• Change depends on presence of persuasive cues.

Question 4

What are the factors to attitude change?

Answer 4

1. Source - authority, well liked
2. Content
3. The intended audience

Question 5

Types of attitudes?

Answer 5

Implicit: unconsciously formed

Explicit: conscious formation

Question 6

What is a schema?

Answer 6

Prior knowledge of beliefs of a person, thing or situation.

Question 7

Structure of attitudes ?

Answer 7

A - Affective: emotion and feelings towards the thing
B - Behaviour: Way we act towards it (the thing we have the attitude about)
C - Cognitive: Thoughts and beliefs of the thing

Question 8

What is the actor-observer effect?

Answer 8

Tendency to attribute others behaviour to Dispositional factors while ours to situational

Question 9

What is self serving bias?

Answer 9

Tendency to attribute our successes to Dispositional while failures to situational.

Question 10

What is the fundamental attribution error? Who are we most likely to do this to?

Answer 10

A bias where we over attribute other behaviour to internal causes (Dispositional).
We are most likely to do this to out-groups.

Question 11

Kelly’s theory of attribution factors indicate Dispositional attribution? Explain the factors and situational.

Answer 11

Low consensus: aggreance with other
High consistency: behaviour over time
Low distinctiveness: difference in response in similar situations

Question 12

What is situational attribution? What is Dispositional?

Answer 12

Situ: Attribute actions to environmental factors
Dispo: Attribute actions to internal factors

Question 13

3 consequences of exclusion?

Answer 13

• mood and anxiety problems
• Unhealthy behaviour
• Aggression

Question 14

What is social comparison theory?

Answer 14

Using others as a basis for our qualities.

• Upward: comparing up. Done by highly motivated individuals.
• Downward: low motivated people:
  
  • > Active (demeaning others)]
  • > Passive

Question 15

What are social norms?

Answer 15

Learned rules dictated by society on how we should behave in certain situations.

Question 16

What are the three outcomes of arousal?

Answer 16

• Social loafing
• Social facilitation
• Social interference

Question 17

What is social facilitation and interference?

Answer 17

Facilitation:
- Where the presence of others increases performance, usually done in a familiar situation.

Interference:
- Where the presence of others decreases performance, usually done in an unfamiliar situations.

Question 18

What is social loafing? What are the theories why?

Answer 18

Where people exert less efforts around others.
Theories:
- hard to evaluate individual effort in a group
- reward to group instead of to the individual
- responsibility is shared.