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Spinal Quiz Qs > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are segmental arteries of the thoracic spine?

A

The deep cervical artery, superior (highest) intercostal artery, posterior intercostal artery and subcostal artery

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2
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the lumbar spine?

A

The lumbar arteries, iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery, and median sacral artery

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3
Q

Segments supplied by the vertebral artery

A

C1-6

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4
Q

Segmental levels supplied by the ascending cervical artery

A

C1-6

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5
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the deep cervical artery

A

C7-t1

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6
Q

Segments supplied by superior intercostal artery

A

T1,T2

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7
Q

Segment levels supplied by subcostal artery

A

T12

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8
Q

Segment levels supplied by posterior intercostal artery

A

T3-11

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9
Q

Segment levels supplied by lumbar arteries

A

L1-4

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10
Q

Segments supplied by median sacral artery

A

L5, s1-5, and coccyx

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11
Q

Segments supplied by iliolumbar artery

A

L5, s1-s5 and coccyx

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12
Q

Segments supped by lateral sacral artery

A

L5, s1-5, and coccyx

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13
Q

Which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the epidural space

A

Osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery

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14
Q

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the PLL

A

Anterior spinal canal artery and plexus

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15
Q

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum

A

Posterior spinal canal artery and plexus

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16
Q

Which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the subarachnoid space

A

Anterior radicular artery posterior radicular artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery

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17
Q

Which vessel will supply the central anterior nerve root let and nerve root

A

Anterior radicular artery

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18
Q

Which vessel will supply the ventral/anterior nerve rootlet and nerve root

A

Anterior radicular artery

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19
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the cervical spine?

A

Vertebral artery, ascending cervical artery, and deep cervical artery

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20
Q

Which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve rootlets, nerve roots And nerve root ganglion

A

Posterior radicular artery

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21
Q

What is the name given to the artery that lies in front of the spinal cord along its length

A

Anterior spinal artery

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22
Q

The anterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?

A

The vertebral artery

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23
Q

Is the anterior spinal artery a single continuous artery along the spinal cord?

A

No

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24
Q

As the anterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel

A

Anterior medullary feeder arteries

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25
Q

The posterior spinal artery is a branch of what artery

A

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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26
Q

What is the position of the posterior spinal artery relative to the the spinal cord

A

It lies in the posterolateral silica along the spinal cord

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27
Q

Is the posterior spinal artery a single continuous artery along the spinal cord

A

No

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28
Q

As the posterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

A

Posterior medullary feeder arteries

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29
Q

What changes to the arterial casa corona occur between c3 and c6?

A

Right and left anterior spinal arteries fuse to become a single median anterior spinal artery.
The right and left posterior spinal arteries are unchanged, and the 4 communicating arteries are reduced to three communicating arteries

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30
Q

What arterial casa corona branches supply gray matter and most of the spinal cord?

A

Ventral/central/sulcal perforating arteries

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31
Q

What intramedullary branches supply about one third of the spinal cord?

A

Pial perforating arteries

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32
Q

What is the primary artery supplementing the arterial vasa corona

A

Anterior medullary feeders and posterior medullary feeders

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33
Q

What vessels drain the spinal cord?

A

Pial veins

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34
Q

Which vessels will drain the venous vasa corona?

A

Anterior medullary veins

Posterior medullary veins

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35
Q

Which vessels will drain the ventral/anterior nerve roots?

A

Anterior radicular veins

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36
Q

Which vessels will drain the dorsal nerve roots

A

Posterior radicular veins

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37
Q

What vessel will drain the dorsal nerve root ganglion?

A

Posterior radicular veins

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38
Q

What veins will lie in the subarachnoid space?

A

Pial veins venous vasa corona, anterior longitudinal veins, posterior longitudinal veins, communicating veins, anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins, anterior radicular veins, posterior radicular veins

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39
Q

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus basivertebral vein

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40
Q

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum

A

Posterior internal vertebral venous plexus

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41
Q

What venous vessels are identified in the intervertebral foramen

A

Intervertebral veins

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42
Q

Identify the meninges of the spinal cord and the commonly accepted meaning of each

A

Dura mater= tough mother , pis mater (tender mother) arachnoid mater (spider mother)

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43
Q

Name and locate each space formed between the osseous vertebral foramen and the spinal cord

A

Epidural space is between the vertebral foramen and dura mater.
Subdural space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space between the arachnoid mater and pis mater

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44
Q

What is the name given to the fluid in the epidural space

A

Interstitial fluid

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45
Q

What are the contents of the epidural space

A

Anterior and posterior spinal canal artery and plexus. Anterior and posterior internal vertebral venous plexus
Basivertebral vein
Recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral sinus vertebral/ sinus vertebral nerve.
Hoffman/anterior dural/meningovernmental ligaments

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46
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space will be found near the vertebral body

A

Anterior spinal canal artery and plexus. Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus. Basivertebral vein reccurent meningeal nerve Hoffman ligament

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47
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space are more likely located near of around the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Anterior spinal canal artery and plexus
Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
Basivertebral vein
Reccurent meningeal/Sinu-vertebral, sinus vertebral nerve. Hoffman/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments

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48
Q

Which contents of the epidural space will be found near the lamina?

A

Posterior spinal canal artery and plexus, internal vertebral venous plexus, ligamentum flavum

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49
Q

What is the name given to the fluid present within the subdural space?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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50
Q

What are the typical contents of the subarachnoid space down to c3 level? Arteries:
Ligaments

A

Anterior spinal, posterior spinal, communicating, arterial vasa corona, Pial perforating, central/sulcal perforating, anterior radicular, posterior radicular, anterior/posterior medullary feeder arteries and dentate/denticulafe ligament

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51
Q

Veins of subarachnoid space down to c3

A

Anterior/post longitudinal veins, communicating, venous vasa corona, pial, anterior/posterior radicular, ant/post medullary, and intervertebral veins

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52
Q

What contents of the subarachnoid space are changed below the c6 level?

A

The arterial vasa corona consists of 1 anterior spinal artery, 2 posterior spinal arteries and 3 communicating

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53
Q

What is the name given to the lateral extension of the pia mater along the spinal cord

A

Dentate (denticulate) ligaments

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54
Q

What is the unique feature of veins along the spinal canal

A

They lack the bicuspid valve of typical veins

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55
Q

What are the spinal cord enlargement locations and the name given to each?

A

C3-t1 is the cervical enlargement. T9-T12 is the lumbar (lumbosacral) enlargement

56
Q

Where is the greatest transverse diameter of the spinal cord

A

C6

57
Q

In which plane (or direction) will the diameter of the spinal decrease from c2-t1?

A

Midsaggital or anterior posterior plane

58
Q

What spinal nerves originate from the lumbar enlargement?

A

L1-s3

59
Q

What is the genetic cord level of origin-vertebral level combination for the lumbar enlargement?

A

L1, L2 cord levels in t9 vertebra; L3-4 in t10 vertebra; L5S1 in t11; s2-3 in t12

60
Q

What is the causal end of the spine called?

A

Conus medullaris

61
Q

What spinal nerves originate from the conus medullaris

A

Typically s4,5 and Co1

62
Q

In which vertebral foramen will the conus medullaris typically be observed?

A

L1

63
Q

What is the name given to the nerve roots below L1

A

Cauda equina

64
Q

What is the continuation of pia mater below the conus medullaris called?

A

Filum terminale internum

65
Q

What is the location and name given to the area where all meninges first converge at the caudal of the vertebral column

A

Typically S2 the dural cul de sac

66
Q

Neural tissue has been identified in what part of the Filum terminale

A

Proximal part of the Filum terminale internum

67
Q

What is the fate of the neural tissue identified along the Filum terminale internum

A

It joins peripheral nerve roots of spinal nerves as high as L3 and as low as s4

68
Q

What does the neural tissue associated with the Filum terminale exterminated appear to innervate?

A

Lower limbs and external anal sphincter

69
Q

The last arterial vasa corona creates what feature on angiogram?

A

Cruciate anastomosis

70
Q

What is the name given to the condensation of meninges below s2?

A

Filum terminale externum

71
Q

What is the name given to causal attachment of meninges

A

Coccygeal medullary vestige

72
Q

What is the name given to the condition in which conus medullaris is located below L1 and Filum terminale is thickened?

A

Tethered cord syndrome

73
Q

What is the relationship between scoliosis and tethered cord syndrome

A

It is suggested that the column will change normal curvatures to mitigate damage to the spinal cord

74
Q

What is the relationship between rib number and the vertebral number at the costocondral joint

A

Rib number always equates to same vertebral number at the costocentral joint rib 3 articulates with T3 segment and also with the T2 segment; only ribs 1,11 and 12 typically joint with a single segment

75
Q

What is the relationship between spinal nerve number, rib number, and vertebral number in a thoracic intervertebral foramen

A

The spinal nerve number related to the upper segment number in the vertebral couple the rib number relates to the lower segment number in the vertebral couple. I.e. T3 nerve exits the intervertebral foramen formed by T3/4 and rib 4 joints with this vertebral couple

76
Q

Which mammals have more than 7 cervical vertebrae

A

Any bear, three toed sloth

77
Q

Which mammals have less than 7 cv

A

Two toes sloth manatee

78
Q

Which vertebrae are typical cervicals?

A

C3-6

79
Q

What is the shape of the typical cervical body from lateral view

A

Posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

80
Q

What is the appearance of the cervical body from the cranial view?

A

Rectangular

81
Q

What would be the direction of the typical cervical curve vased on osseous features?

A

Posterior or kyphotic

82
Q

What accounts the direction of the typical cervical curve

A

The intervertebral disk height

83
Q

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve

A

Anterior or lordotic

84
Q

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disk height?

A

C5/6

85
Q

What is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body?

A

It diminishes overall height of the vertebral body

86
Q

What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

Anterior groove right and left uncinate processes

87
Q

Names of th lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim

A

Uncinate process unciform process uncovertebral process uncus or lateral lip

88
Q

At what developmental age will the uncinate process first be observed?

A

3-4th fetal month

89
Q

Modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical

A

Anterior lip posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

90
Q

What is the joint classification for the anterior lip anterior groove articulation?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

91
Q

What is the normal joint classification for the uncinate process lateral groove articulation

A

Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

92
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone intervertebral disc articulation?

A

Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis symphysis)

93
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

5

94
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical

A

10

95
Q

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

Joint of luschka or uncovertebral joint

96
Q

The joint of Luschka is formed from what surfaces?

A

The uncinate process and the lateral groove

97
Q

What is the functional significance of the joint of luschka

A

It appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

98
Q

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body

A

Longus colli muscle

99
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical?

A

Posterolateral 45 degrees

100
Q

At what location on the vertebral body of a typical cervical will the pedicle attach

A

To the side and in the center of the vertebral body

101
Q

What surface feature is located at the upper margin of the pedicle?

A

Superior vertebral notch

102
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?

A

Ligamentum flavum

103
Q

What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

104
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?

A

Para-articular process

105
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with what classification of bone?

A

Accessory bone

106
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical cervical vertebra

A

Heart shaped/triangular

107
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of the typical cervicals

A

Transverse

108
Q

What soft tissue diameter mimics the outline of the typical cervical vertebral foramen

A

The transverse diameter of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

109
Q

The greatest diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at__?

A

C6

110
Q

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

A

C5/6

111
Q

List in order the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body

A

Costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

112
Q

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra

A

Splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis Levator scapula middle scalene posterior scalene rotators and posterior intratransversii

113
Q

What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar

A

Middle scalene and posterior intertransversii

114
Q

What is the name given to the collective tub forming region

A

Pleurapophysis

115
Q

What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar

A

Sulcus for the central primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

116
Q

What is the orientation and a angulation of a typical cervical transverse process

A

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsaggital plane) 15 degrees inferiorly from the horizontal plane

117
Q

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen

A

The vertebral artery the vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

118
Q

What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar

A

The groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

119
Q

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets

A

40 to 45 degrees from the coronal plane

120
Q

Recent work suggests what angulation for typical cervical articular facets

A

55 to 60 degrees

121
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facets

A

Backward upward medial (BUM)

122
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet

A

Forward lateral downward (FoLD)

123
Q

What muscles will attach to typical articular processes

A

The longissimus Capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis and rotators

124
Q

What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophysis

A

The semispinalis capitis, multifidis, and rotator longus

125
Q

The greatest range of flexion extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple

A

C5/c6

126
Q

What motions are couples in the cervical spine

A

Lateral bending and axial rotation

127
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples

A

C2/3, c3/4, c4/5

128
Q

Ranges of coupled motion will decrease beginning at what cervical vertebral couple

A

C5/6 vertebral couple

129
Q

What is the usual condition for Caucasian typical cervical spinous process

A

They are bifid

130
Q

What is the usual condition for the African American typical cervical spinous process

A

They are non bifid

131
Q

What forms the unique anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen for the c4 spinal nerve

A

The lateral groove of c3 and uncinate process of C4 forming the joint of luschka

132
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen

A

Lateral groove and vertebral body of segment above the uncinate process and vertebral body of the segment below the intervertebral disc and PLL

133
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen

A

The inferior articular process (post zygapophyses) superior articular process (prezygapophyses), the capsular ligament and the ligamentum flavum

134
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical cervical IVF

A

Inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

135
Q

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

The superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure

Spinal Quiz Qs (8 decks)

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