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Spinal Quiz Qs > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The function of each cell type

A

Osteoblasts are immature bone cells that form bone.
Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain or nurture bone.
Osteoclasts remodel bone

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2
Q

What types of glycosaminoglycans dominate in bone

A

Chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate and hyaluronic acid

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3
Q

What is wolff’s law as it pertains to bone

A

Living tissue will respond to stressors; bone is formed or absorbed in response to stress

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4
Q

What is osteology

A

The study of bone

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5
Q

What are the bone cells embedded in?

A

An amorphous Matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers and various minerals

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6
Q

What is the primary constituent of ground substance?

A

Glycosaminoglycans

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7
Q

What is the principle type of protein fiber in bone? Cartilage?

A

Bone=type 1

Cartilage=type 2

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8
Q

What is the primary constituent of bone mineral

A

Calcium, phosphate, citrate, and carbonate ions

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9
Q

What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?

A

Hydroxyapatite

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10
Q

Bone is also a repository for what additional ions?

A

Sodium, magnesium, fluoride, Lead, strontium, and radium

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11
Q

What are the three responses of bone that allow it to be described as living?

A

It has the ability to heal, to remodel under stressors and to age

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12
Q

What is bone the embryological derivative of?

A

Mesenchyme or cartilage

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13
Q

What is the name of the pattern of ossification in Mesenchyme?

A

Intramembranous ossification

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14
Q

What is the timing for the appearance of intramembranous ossification?

A

From the second to third month in utero

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15
Q

What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?

A

Endochondral ossification

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16
Q

What is the timing of the appearance of ossification in cartilage?

A

From the second to fifth month in utero

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17
Q

What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification

A

Chondocranium

18
Q

Which bones of the appendicular skeleton is formed from intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

A

Clavicle

19
Q

What are the names given to centers of ossification based on time of appearance?

A

Primary centers of ossification appear before birth and secondary centers of ossification appear after birth

20
Q

Mature bone is described as being composed of what areas on bone density?

A

Cortical or compact bone and spongy bone,cancellous or trabecular bone

21
Q

What is the name given to bone below an articulating surface?

A

Subchondral bone

22
Q

What is the name of the outer fibro-cellular covering of bone

A

Periosteum

23
Q

What is the name given to the fibro-cellular lining of bone?

A

Endosteum

24
Q

What are the primary sources of variation in bone?

A 
Sexual dimorphism (gender variation), 
Ontogenetic variation (growth or age variation) geographic or population based variation (ethnic variation), and idiosyncratic variation (individual variation)
25
Q

What are the six most commonly used classifications of normal bone?

A

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, paranasal sinus or pneumatic bones and sesamoid bones.

26
Q

What are the classifications given to abnormal bone stressed in spinal 2?

A

Heterotopic and accessory bone

27
Q

What is the name of bone formed in non-bone location?

A

Heterotopic bone

28
Q

What is the name of bone formed from an existing bone?

A

Accessory bone

29
Q

What are names given to parts of long bones?

A

Diaphysis (shaft and typically two epiphyses (extremities)

30
Q

What is the primary characteristic of short bones?

A

They are essentially cuboidal

31
Q

What are examples of short bones?

A

Most of the bones of the carpus and tarsus

32
Q

What are flat bones?

A

A thin layer of spongy bone is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

33
Q

What are examples of flat bones?

A

Parietal bone and sternum

34
Q

What are examples of pneumatic bones

A

Frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, sphenoid, and temporal

35
Q

What bones contain paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, and sphenoid.

Not temporal although it is a pneumatic bone

36
Q

What is the characteristic of a sesamoid bone?

A

The bone develops within a tendon

37
Q

What are examples of heterotopic bone?

A

Calcific deposits in the pineal gland, heart, and ligaments

38
Q

What are examples of accessory bone

A

Para-articular processes and bony Spurs of vertebrae

39
Q

What are four basic surface feature categories?

A

Elevations, depressions, tunnels or passageways, and facets

40
Q

The three primary cell types of bone

A

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Spinal Quiz Qs (8 decks)

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