Week 1 Flashcards
The function of each cell type
Osteoblasts are immature bone cells that form bone.
Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain or nurture bone.
Osteoclasts remodel bone
What types of glycosaminoglycans dominate in bone
Chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate and hyaluronic acid
What is wolff’s law as it pertains to bone
Living tissue will respond to stressors; bone is formed or absorbed in response to stress
What is osteology
The study of bone
What are the bone cells embedded in?
An amorphous Matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers and various minerals
What is the primary constituent of ground substance?
Glycosaminoglycans
What is the principle type of protein fiber in bone? Cartilage?
Bone=type 1
Cartilage=type 2
What is the primary constituent of bone mineral
Calcium, phosphate, citrate, and carbonate ions
What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?
Hydroxyapatite
Bone is also a repository for what additional ions?
Sodium, magnesium, fluoride, Lead, strontium, and radium
What are the three responses of bone that allow it to be described as living?
It has the ability to heal, to remodel under stressors and to age
What is bone the embryological derivative of?
Mesenchyme or cartilage
What is the name of the pattern of ossification in Mesenchyme?
Intramembranous ossification
What is the timing for the appearance of intramembranous ossification?
From the second to third month in utero
What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?
Endochondral ossification
What is the timing of the appearance of ossification in cartilage?
From the second to fifth month in utero
What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification
Chondocranium
Which bones of the appendicular skeleton is formed from intramembranous and endochondral ossification?
Clavicle
What are the names given to centers of ossification based on time of appearance?
Primary centers of ossification appear before birth and secondary centers of ossification appear after birth
Mature bone is described as being composed of what areas on bone density?
Cortical or compact bone and spongy bone,cancellous or trabecular bone
What is the name given to bone below an articulating surface?
Subchondral bone
What is the name of the outer fibro-cellular covering of bone
Periosteum
What is the name given to the fibro-cellular lining of bone?
Endosteum
What are the primary sources of variation in bone?
Sexual dimorphism (gender variation), Ontogenetic variation (growth or age variation) geographic or population based variation (ethnic variation), and idiosyncratic variation (individual variation)
What are the six most commonly used classifications of normal bone?
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, paranasal sinus or pneumatic bones and sesamoid bones.
What are the classifications given to abnormal bone stressed in spinal 2?
Heterotopic and accessory bone
What is the name of bone formed in non-bone location?
Heterotopic bone
What is the name of bone formed from an existing bone?
Accessory bone
What are names given to parts of long bones?
Diaphysis (shaft and typically two epiphyses (extremities)
What is the primary characteristic of short bones?
They are essentially cuboidal
What are examples of short bones?
Most of the bones of the carpus and tarsus
What are flat bones?
A thin layer of spongy bone is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone
What are examples of flat bones?
Parietal bone and sternum
What are examples of pneumatic bones
Frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, sphenoid, and temporal
What bones contain paranasal sinuses
Frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, and sphenoid.
Not temporal although it is a pneumatic bone
What is the characteristic of a sesamoid bone?
The bone develops within a tendon
What are examples of heterotopic bone?
Calcific deposits in the pineal gland, heart, and ligaments
What are examples of accessory bone
Para-articular processes and bony Spurs of vertebrae
What are four basic surface feature categories?
Elevations, depressions, tunnels or passageways, and facets
The three primary cell types of bone
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
