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Spinal Quiz Qs > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis condylar or diarthrosis bycondylar joints?

A

Temporomandibular joint and femur-tibia joint of the knee

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2
Q

What is the shares morphological characteristic of diarthrosis trochoid joints?

A

An osseous pivot and an osteo-ligamentous ring

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3
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis ellipsoidal joints?

A

Radiocarpal joint of the wrist, metacarpo-phalange all joints of the hand, metatarsal-phalangeal joints of the foot and the atlanto-occipital joint of the vertebral column

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4
Q

What synovial joint classifications are now often Interchanged in textbooks?

A

Ellipsoidal and condylar synovial joints

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5
Q

What are examples of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joints?

A

Carpometcarpal joint of the thumb, talocrural joint of the ankle and calcaneocuboid joint of the foot

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6
Q

What are examples of diarthrosis cotyloid joints?

A

Femur-acetabulum of the I nominate articulation at the hip and the humerus - glenoid cavity of the scapula articulation at the shoulder

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7
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in a typical adolescent?

A

33 segments

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8
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the typical adult?

A

26 segments

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9
Q

What constitutes the spine?

A

24 presacral segments; the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae

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10
Q

How many segments unite to form the typical sacrum?

A

5 segments

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11
Q

How many segments form the typical coccyx?

A

4 segments

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12
Q

Which mammals do not have seven cervical vertebrae?

A

2-MA-3= 2 toed sloth, manatee, ant bear, 3 toed sloth

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13
Q

Which mammals have more than 7 cervical vertebrae?

A

Ant bear, and 3 toed sloth

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14
Q

Which mammals have less than 7 cervical vertebra?

A

The manatee and two toed sloth

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15
Q

What does the term cervical refer to?

A

The region of the neck

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16
Q

What does the term thoracic refer to?

A

Breast plate or chest; it reffered to the armor bearing region of the torso

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17
Q

What other term is often used to identify the vertebral segments of the chest?

A

The dorsal segments; the dorsals

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18
Q

What is the typical number of segments in the dorsal or thoracic region?

A

12 segments

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19
Q

What does the term lumbar refer to?

A

The loin or region between the rib and the hip

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20
Q

What is the typical number of segments in the lumbar region?

A

5 segments

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21
Q

What does the term sacrum refer to?

A

The holy bone or holy region

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22
Q

What does the term coccyx refer to?

A

A cuckoo birds’ bill or cuckoo birds’ beak

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23
Q

What is the length of a typical male spinal column?

A

70 centimeters or 28 inches

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24
Q

What is the length of a typical female spinal column?

A

60 centimeters or 25 inches

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25
Q

What is the length difference between a typical male and typical female spinal column?

A

About 3 inches

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26
Q

What is the length of the male cervical region?

A

12 cm or 5 inches

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27
Q

What is the length of the male thoracic region?

A

28 cm or 11 inches

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28
Q

What is the length of the male lumbar region?

A

18 cm or 7 inches

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29
Q

What is the length of the male sacrum?

A

12 cm or 5 inches

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30
Q

Based on numbers for individual regions of the vertebral column, what is the length of the male spine?

A

58 cm or 23 inches

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31
Q

What levels of the vertebral column specifically accommodate weight bearing transfer?

A

S1-S3

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32
Q

What is specifically responsible for the shape and position of the human frame?

A

Comparative anterior vs posterior height of the vertebral body and comparative anterior vs posterior height of intervertebral disc

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33
Q

What organ is specifically associated with the horizontal axis of the skull?

A

The eye and the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear

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34
Q

When does the embryonic disc form

A

Second week in uterine

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35
Q

When does gastrulation occur or a 3 layered embryo form?

A

Third week in utero

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36
Q

Invagination of ectoderm along primitive streak gives rise to what embryonic structure?

A

Notochord

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37
Q

What is the name given to the mesoderm that will give rise to the vertebral column?

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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38
Q

What embryonic structure gives rise to the somites!

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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39
Q

Name the areas of cellular differentiation formed within the somite.

A

Sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome

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40
Q

What are the names of the successive vertebral columns formed during development?

A

Membranous, cartilaginous, skeletal or osseous

41
Q

Migration of a somite pair to surround the notochord forms what developmental feature?

A

The perichordal blastema

42
Q

The perichordal blastema gives rise to what processes?

A

Neural process and costal process

43
Q

What is the name of the artery located between adjacent perichordal blastemae?

A

Intersegmental artery

44
Q

What foe between the sclerotomites of a perichordal blastema?

A

The intasclerotomal fissure or the fissure of Von Ebner

45
Q

The intrasclerotomal fissure (of Von Ebner) gives rise to what development feature?

A

The perichordal disc

46
Q

The union of a dense caudal sclerotomite and a loose cranial sclerotomite from adjacent perichordal blastemae give rise to what feature?

A

The vertebral blastema

47
Q

What vessel will be identified adjacent to the vertebral blastema?

A

The segmental artery

48
Q

When will. cartilage first form in the membranous vertebral blastema?

A

Beginning in the sixth embryonic week

49
Q

What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage?

A

Chondrification

50
Q

What are the names given to the centers of chondrification within the vertebral blastema?

A

Centrum center, neural arch center, transverse process center

51
Q

How many centers chondrification typically appear in the vertebral blastema?

A

Six 2 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arches, 2 for each transverse process

52
Q

What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebra?

A

During the 7th embryonic week

53
Q

What is the name given to centers of ossification based on time of appearance?

A

Primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth

54
Q

What is the ratio of primary go secondary centers of ossification in a typical vertebra?

A

3 primary centers and 5 secondary centers

55
Q

What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

Centrum centers and neural arch centers

56
Q

What are the names/locations of the five secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

Tip of the transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphytes like plate centers

57
Q

What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of a typical vertebra?

A

During puberty typical ages 11-16 years old

58
Q

What are the basic osseous parts of a vertebra?

A

The vertebral body, vertebral arch, and apophyseal regions

59
Q

What is the name given to compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body?

A

Superior epiphyseal rim, inferior epiphyseal rim

60
Q

What is the name given to the cartilage at the superior and inferior surfaces of the developing vertebral body?

A

Superior epiphyseal plate inferior epiphyseal plate

61
Q

What is the gentle two shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical=rectangular, thoracic=triangular, lumbar=reniform

62
Q

What are the names of the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body?

A

Nutrient foramina or vascular foramina

63
Q

What large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body

A

Basivertebral venous foramen

64
Q

What is the name given to the anterior vertebral arch?

A

Pedicle

65
Q

What is the name given to the feature located at the upper and lower surfaces of the pedicel?

A

The superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure and the inferior vertebral notch/incisure

66
Q

What is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical a are posterolateral
Thoracics are posterior and slight lateral
Lumbars are posterior

67
Q

All lamina are oriented in what direction?

A

Posterior and median

68
Q

What ligament will attach to the lamina

A

Ligamentum flavum

69
Q

What is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of ligamentum flavum?

A

Para-articular process

70
Q

What classification of bone will para-articular process represent?

A

Accessory bone

71
Q

What is the name given to the overlap of lamina seen on X-ray

A

The spinolaminar junction

72
Q

What is the name given to the tubular bone growth regions of the vertebral arch

A

Apophyseal regions

73
Q

What names may be given to each apophyses of the spine?

A

The transverse apophysis or transverse process; articular apophysis or articular process and spinous apophysis or spinous process

74
Q

What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis with b each region of the spine?

A

Cervical a are anterolateral, thoracic= posterolateral Lumbars are lateral

75
Q

All non rib bearing vertibra of the spine retain what equivalent feature?

A

The costal element

76
Q

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse Process

A

The transverse tubercle

77
Q

What will cause the transverse process/apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region?

A

Cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

78
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

A

The growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backwards

79
Q

What will the articular process/articular apophysis support?

A

The articular facet

80
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed between articular facets of a vertebral coupl?

A

The zygapophysis

81
Q

What is the name given to the bone surface at the front of a zygapophysis?

A

The superior articular facet

82
Q

What is the name given to the bone surface at the back of a zygapophyses?

A

Inferior articular facet

83
Q

What names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the front of the zygapophysis

A

The superior articular apophysis, the superior articular process, or the pre-zygapophysis

84
Q

What names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the back of a zygapophysis?

A

The inferior articular apophysis, inferior articular process, or post-zygapophysis

85
Q

What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the post-zygapophysis

A

The inferior articular process or inferior articular apophysis

86
Q

What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the prezygapophysis

A

The superior articular process or superior articular apophysis

87
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen

A

The inferior articular process/post zygapophyses, the superior articular process/pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

88
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

89
Q

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The superior vertebral not h or superior vertebral incisure

90
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen

A

The vertebral body of the segment above and below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament

91
Q

What is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous processes or spinous apophysis and the horizontal plane?

A

Calculate the angle formed between the undersurface of the spinous process/spinous apophysis, and the horizontal plane

92
Q

What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on X-ray

A

Imbrication

93
Q

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the top of the spinous process/spinous apophysis

A

The spinous tubercle

94
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process/apophysis at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical=slight angle inferiorly
Thoracic=noticeable angle inferiorly
Lumbars=no inferior angle

95
Q

What is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column?

A

Cervical=triangular;
Thoracic=oval
LumbAr=triangular
Sacrum=triangular

96
Q

At what vertebral level will the spinal cord typically terminate?

A

L1

97
Q

At what vertebral level will the dural sac typically terminate?

A

S2

98
Q

What are the segmental arteries?

A

The arteries whose branches supply the vertebra or segment

99
Q

Identify all the segmental arteries

A 
Vertebral, 
ascending cervical, 
deep cervical, 
Superior (highest) intercostal 
Posterior intercostal 
Subcostal 
Lumbar
Iliolumbar 
Lateral and median (middle) sacral

Spinal Quiz Qs (8 decks)

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