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Spinal Quiz Qs > Test 2 Wk 1 > Flashcards

Test 2 Wk 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What features are lacking at C1

A

Vertebral body, pedicle, a spinous process and an intervertebral disc

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2
Q

What muscle attached to the anterior arch of c1

A

Longus colli

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3
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of c1

A

The anterior longitudinal anterior Atlanto-occipital and anterior Atlanto-axial ligaments

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4
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of c1

A

They are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

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5
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of c1

A

The fovea dentis

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6
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of c1

A

Backwards upward medial

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7
Q

What is the joint classification of the Atlanto-occipital zygapophysis

A

Synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

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8
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of c1

A

Asymmetrical slightly concave or flattened

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9
Q

Orientation of inferior articular facet of c1?

A

Backward medial downward

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10
Q

What is the synovial joint classification of the atlanto-axial zygapophysis

A

Synovial plane/diarthrosis arthrodial joint

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11
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of c1?

A

Tubercle for the transverse Atlantal ligament

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12
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of c1

A

Levator scapulae, splendid cervicis and rectus capitis anterior

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13
Q

What is the contribution of the posterior arch to the circumference of c1

A

About 40%

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14
Q

What part of c1 represents the spinous process?

A

Posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

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15
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender

A

Makes: fifty millimeters; females about 37 millimeters

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16
Q

What attached to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of c1

A

Rectus Capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

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17
Q

What superior surface modification of the posterior arch of c1 are present?

A

Groove sulcus for the vertebral artery and arcuate rim

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18
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of c1

A

The posterior Atlanto-occipital ligament

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19
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior Atlanto-occiptial results in which atypical bone classification

A

Accessory bone

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20
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior Atlanta-occipital ligament is observed?

A

About age 7

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21
Q

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior Atlanto-occipital ligament

A

A partial or complete ponticulus posticus

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22
Q

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus

A

Kimmerle’s anomaly

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23
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

A

Arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

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24
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic populations?

A

All ethnic populations studies so far

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25
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied

A

1-41%

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26
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with the ponticulus posticus

A

Female

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27
Q

What is the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus versus an incomplete ponticulus posticus

A

The incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus is about fifteen percent; and the incidence of an incomplete ponticulus posticus may be as high as 41%

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28
Q

What joint classification may be observed on the posterior arch of c1

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint

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29
Q

What is the location of the zygapophysis relative to the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial IVF?

A

t forms part of the anterior boundary of the IVF in bothe cases

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30
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of c1

A

Costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

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31
Q

<p>What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at c1 </p>

A

The anterior tubercle and the costotransverse bar

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32
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of c1

A

Rectus Capitis anterior, rectus Capitis lateral is, middle scalene, Levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus Capitis superior, obliquus Capitis inferior, and intertransversarii muscles

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33
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have facial projections attaching to the spinal dura

A

Rectus Capitis posterior minor and major, and obliquus Capitis inferior

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34
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and spinal dura called?

A

Myodural bridges

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35
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A

The lateral mass and the transverse to get fess of atlas

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36
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

A

The retrotransverse foramen

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37
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A

The vertebral artery, a branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

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38
Q

Which of the pontincles of atlas is only observed in humans?

A

Lateral bridges

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39
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of c1

A

Vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

40
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of c1?

A

Make78 mm females=72mm

41
Q

Is there a gender variation for the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of c1 to the skin?

A

Not a significant one

42
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of c1 to the skin for each gender

A

A little over 30 mm for both male and female

43
Q

What joint classifications are observed at c1

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal, synovial pivot/diarthrosis tri hood, and synovial plane/diarthrosis arthrodial joint

44
Q

How many sunovial joint surfaces are observed at c1

A

5

45
Q

Name of first cervical vertebrae

A

Atlas

46
Q

What names are given to c2

A

Axis or epistropheus

47
Q

What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of c2

A

The dens or Odontoceti process

48
Q

What joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of c2

A

Facet for fovea dentis, grove for transverse atlantal ligament, attachment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment site for the apical dental ligament

49
Q

What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dentis lies above the groove for the transverse Atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical dental alar ligaments appear to be directed posterior?

A

Lordotic dens

50
Q

What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dentis lies below the groove for the transverse Atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical dental alar ligaments appear to be directed anterior?

A

Kyphotic dens

51
Q

How many hoints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of c2

A

Five

52
Q

What joint classifications are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of c2?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous/amphiarthrosis symphysis

53
Q

How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of c2?

A

10

54
Q

What joint classifications are presents at the vertebral body of c2

A

<p>Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trocho is) modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous/amphiarthrosis symphysis </p>

55
Q

What ligaments will attach posteriorly to the inferior epiphyseal rim of c2

A

Membrana tectorial and posterior longitudinal ligament

56
Q

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above c2

A

Membrana tectoria

57
Q

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below c2

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

58
Q

What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of c2

A

The superior articular process

59
Q

What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of c2

A

On the lamina-pedicle junction

60
Q

What attaches to the lamina of c2

A

Obliquus Capitis inferior muscle, posterior Atlanto-axial ligament, and ligamentum flavum

61
Q

What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facets of c2

A

Backward upward lateral (BUL)

62
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of c2?

A

Forward lateral and downward (FoLD)

63
Q

What myscle attaches to the articular processes of c2

A

Longissimus cervicis

64
Q

What osseous parts of the typical cervical transverse Process are present at c2

A

Costal element, posterior tubercle and true transverse process

65
Q

what is the gender variation for the transverse diameter of c2

A

Male=57 mm females50 mm

66
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process at c2

A

Levator scapulae, middle scalene, splenius cervicis, longissimus cervicis, and intertransversarii

67
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of the c2 spinous process in humans?

A

Bifid

68
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of c2

A

Rectus Capitis posterior major, obliquus Capitis inferior, spinal is cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis muscles

69
Q

What names may be given to c7? Only c7?

A

Vertebra prominens and vertebral prominence

Only c7=vertebral prominens

70
Q

What is the name given to the topographical elevation observed at the base of the neck?

A

Vertebral prominence

71
Q

What is the segment and gender bias for vertebrae other than c7 becoming the vertebral prominence?

A

C6 is more common in females and T1 is more common in males

72
Q

What joint surfaces are present at the superior margin of the vertebral body of c7?

A

Anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes, cancellous bone

73
Q

What joint surfaces are present at the inferior margin of the vertebral body of c7?

A

The anterior and posterior margins of the inferior epiphyseal rim, cancellous bone

74
Q

How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of c7?

A

Eight

75
Q

what joint classifications are observed at the vertebral body of C7?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and modified syndovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar joint)

76
Q

how many synovial joint surfaces are observed at the vertebral body of C7?

A

two

77
Q

what synovial joint surfaces are observed at the vertebral body of C7?

A

the right and left uncinate processes

78
Q

what muscle attaches to the vertebral body of c7

A

longus colli muscle

79
Q

what features are typically present in the transverse foramen of c7

A

vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor fibers,

80
Q

what muscles attach to the transverse rocess of c7?

A

middle scalene, iliocostalis thoracis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, rotators and intertransversarii and levator costarum brevis

81
Q

what is the orientation of the superior articular facet of c7?

A

backward upward and medial (BUM)

82
Q

what is the orientation of the inferior articular faet of C7

A

forward medial and downward (ForMeD)

83
Q

What muscles will attach to the articular process of c7

A

longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis cervicis and multifidis

84
Q

what muscles attach to the spinous process of c7?

A

trapezius, rhomboid minor, serratus posterior superior, splenius capitis, spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis

85
Q

what ligaments attach to the spinous process of c7?

A

ligamentum nuchae and interspinous ligaments

86
Q

the vertebral artery on which side is typically larger>

A

the left vertebral artery

87
Q

what is the gender bias regarding the size of the vertebral arter

A

men have larger vertebral arteries

88
Q

what was the name of the physical exam used to determine verebral artery patency

A

the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency test

89
Q

which side artery was tested during the course of the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam?

A

the ipsilateral artery on the side of rotation

90
Q

what are the symptoms of failure of the vertebral artery to compensate during the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam

A

dizziness, vertigo, nausea are common complaints

91
Q

the vertebral artery is typically a branch of which artery

A

the subclavian artery

92
Q

typically at what vertebral level will the vertebral artery first become located in the transverse foramen

A

c6

93
Q

at what segments will the vertebral artery be firmly attached to the transverse foramen

A

both c1 and c2

94
Q

what is the purpose of the vertebral artery loops between c2 , c1 and occiput

A

the increased length will accomodate greater rotation at these locations

95
Q

what happens to the vertebral artery after it enters the subarachnoid space at c1

A

the vertebral artery ascends along the medulla oblongata to the pontine medullary junction where the right and left arteries unite to form the basilar artery

96
Q

what artery is formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries?

A

the basilar artery

Spinal Quiz Qs (8 decks)

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