Test 2 Week 3 Flashcards
which msucles attach to the vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae
longus colli, psoas major and psoas minor
which throacic segments will have msucles attaching to their vertebral bodies
T1-3, T12
which thoracic segment is last to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum brevis
T11
which thoracic segment is first to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum longus
T7
which thoracic segment is last to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum longus
T10
rhomboid major and rhombod mior will attach to the spinous process of which thoracics
T1 only
which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment of the serratus posterior superior
T1-T3
which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment of the serratus posterior inferior
T11-12
which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment of the splenius muscles
T1-T6
which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment of the iliocostalis lumborum
T11-T12
Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebbral body of which segments
T12, L1
what is the name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process
transforaminal ligaments
what ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process
corporotransverse ligaments
what corpotransverse ligaments are identified
superior corporotransverse and inferior corporotransverse ligaments
what ae the types of hofmann ligaments
anterior, posterior, lateral hoffman ligmanets and proximal root sleeve ligaments
Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral colum
cervical-upperthroacic region and lumbar region
cervical-upper thoracic hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together
dura mater to segments above
what is the highes level known to demonstrate hofmann ligaments
C6
what is the proposed function of the cervical-upper thoracic hofmann ligaments
resist caudal movement of the dural sac
resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord
Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together
dura mater to lower segmental levels
what is the proposed function of the lumbar hofmann ligaments
resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion
what is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligament
resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intrvertebral foramen
what is the orientation of the pedicle of a typical lumbar
posterior
the pedicle attaches at what location on vertebral body of a typical lumbar
to the upper third or half of the vertebral body
what ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical lumbar
ligamentum flavum
what joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flacum attachment
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint
what osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region
overlap of the laminae, shingling, diminishes; overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes
what is the outline of the certebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra
triangular
which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lumbars
transverse
how does the size of the vertebral foramen differ along the spine
cervicals have the greatest size, lumbars next, thoracics are smallest.
What part of the central nerve system is present in the lumbar spine
The conus medullaris is typically present at the vertebral foramen of L1
What part of the peripheral nerve system is present in the lumbar spine
The cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-4
Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process
Each transverse process is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-3. L4 begins to decrease in length
What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process
Accessory process
A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition
7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process
What ligaments will attach to the lumbar accessory process
Mammillo-accessory ligament
What parts of a vertebra are attached via the mammillo-accessory ligament
The mammillary process and accessory process of the same segment
What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament
The medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve
What muscles attach tithe lumbar accessory process
Longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii
What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebrae
Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis, rotator long is and intertransversarii
What ligament attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra
The lumbocostal mammillo-accessory and intertransverse ligaments
What joint classifications are present at the transverse process of a typical lumbar
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesomosis
What are the posterior elements of the vertebra
Zygapophysis, lamina and spinous process
What are the anterior elements of the vertebra
Vertebral body and pedicle
What is the orientation of a typical lumbar superior articulate facet
Backward upward medial (BUM) typically concave
What is the orientation of a typical lumbar inferior Articular facet
Forward lateral and downward (FoLD) significant convexity
What muscles will attach to the mammillary process
Multifidis and intertransversarii
What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior Articular process and transverse process
Mammillo-accessory ligament
What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament
The medial branch of the dorsal Ramos of a lumbar spinal nerve
What additional ligaments are said to attach to lumbar Articular process
Transforminal ligaments
What is the joint classification for the typical lumbar zygapophysis
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
How many synovial joints are present on a typical lumbar vertebra
Four
What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in children
The zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane
What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults
The zygapophysis lies in the Sagittal plane for L1/L2 ,L2/3, L3/4; the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L4/5 and L5/S1
What is the name given to zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane
Joint symmetry
What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis Loes in the sagittal plane or position
Joint symmetry or joint tropism
Define or describe joint tropism
the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis Loes in the sagittal plane or position
What is the name of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process
Baastrups syndrome or kissing spines
What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process
Latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, spinal is thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis
what is the appearance of the fifth lumbar vertebral body from the lateral view
anterior height is greater tthan posterior height by several millimeters;it appears to form a wedge on a lateral X-ray view
how many synovial joint surfaces are present at the fifth lumbar vertebral body
none
how many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces present on the L5 vertebral body
four
How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body L5
two
What muscles attach to the fifth lumbar vertebral body
psoas major
what are the attachmentsites of the superior corporotransverse ligaments at L4-L5 intervertebral foramen
L4 vertebral body and L4-L5 intervertebral disc to the transverse process of L5
what are the attachment sites of the inferior corpotransverse ligaments at the L4-L5 intervertebral foramen?
L5 vertebral body and L5-S1 intervertebral disc to the transverse process of L5
what characteristic of the L1-L4 pedicle may be used to diefferentiate it from the L5 segment? be specific and complete as the differences on segment from each group
on cranial the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment. At L5 transverse process originates from teh vertebral body, pedicle and lamina pedicle region.
What is the generic direction and length of the fifth lumbar transverse process
it is directed straight lateral and is the shortest of all lumbar transverse processes
what accounts for the shortness of the L5 transverse process
the hip/innominate bones diminish the available space in the transverse plane
what parts of the lumbar transverse are homologous to the cervical transverse process parts?
L transverse tubercle= C anterior tubercle; L transverse process=costal element; L accessory process= C posterior tubercle, L transverse process origin=C true transverse process
what muscles may attach to the transvverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra
psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis, rotator longus, and intertransversarii
what ligaments traditionally attach to the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra
lumbosacral, iliolumbar and mammillo-accessory ligaments
what is the orientation of the fifth lumbar superior articular facet
backward upward medial (BUM); typically concave
What is the orientation of the fifth lumbar inferior articular facet
forward lateral downward (FoLD) significant convexity
what muscles will attach to the fifth lumbar spinous process
latissimus dorsi, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis
How many synovial joints are macimally observed at each lumbar vertebra
L1-L5=four each
How many joints are traditionally observed at each lumbar vertebral body
L1-L5= six each
what is the inferiror articular facet orientation at each lumbar vertebra
L1-L5=forward downward lateral (FoLD)
what part of the sacral ala is derived fom the costal element
the anteriro two thirds
the costal element and true transverse process of sacrum unite to form what feature
the sacral ala
how many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are present on the S1 vertebral body?
four
how many joint surfaces are present on the the vertebral body of the first sacral segment
five
what muscle may attach to the irst sacral body
psoas major
what is the reported angulation of the first sacral articular facets
they lie vertically in the coronal plane
what is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in adults
the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1
what is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet
backward upward medial; typicallly concave
what is the name given to the projection on the first sacral superior articular process
the mammillary process
from the anterior view the intervertebral discs of the sacrum will be replaced by what feature
transverse ridges
an imaginary line drawn along the dorsal midline of the sacrum is identified as the_____.
median sacral crest
what forms the median sacral crestf
used spinous processes and their spinous tubercles
what is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated the sacrum exhibits spina bifida and dorsiflexion produces pain
knife clasp syndrome
an imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will form what feature
intermediate sacral crest
what forms the intermediate sacral crest
fused articular processes and their facets
what features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest
the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5
what is the remnant of the inferior articular process and facet of S5
the sacral cornu
what is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal
the sacral hiatus
what forms the lateral sacral crest
the fused transverse processes and transverse tubercles from s1-5
what is the sacral tuberosity
the enlarged tranverse tubercle of S2
what is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity
the accessory sacroiliac joint
what muscle is said to attach to the dorsal surface of the sacrum
iliacus
what feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3
the auricular surface
what classification of joint is formed by the auricular surface of the sacrum
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
what feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form
the sacral promontory
what ligament is attached to the sacral hiatus
the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
what joint classifications are typically present at sacrum
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
what forms the posterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen
the sacrla cornu, the coccygeal cornu, the superficial posteriro sacrococcygeal ligament and theintercornual ligament
what forms the anterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve IVF
the vertebral body S5 vertebral body Co!, deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament and intervertebral disc
what is the homolog for the posterior longitudinal ligament at S5
the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
what is the homolog for the ligamentum flavum at s5
the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
what forms the inferiior boundary for the spinal canal
the union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments
what ligament is formed by the union of the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal and the deep posteriror sacrococcygeal ligament
the posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
what ligament is the homolog of the intertransverse ligament at S5
lateral sacrococcygeal ligament
what ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina
sacrospinous ligament
which ligament has a broad attachment along the lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx and then attaches to the ischial tuberosity
sacrotuberous ligament
which ligament represents a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the sacro iliac joint
anteriror sacro-iliac ligament
which ligament will attach the intermediate sacral crest of S1 lateral sacral crest of S2 to the posterior superior iliac spine
the long posterior sacro-iliac ligament
what is the homolog for the capsular ligament at S5
intercornual ligament
