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Spinal Quiz Qs > Test 2 Week 3 > Flashcards

Test 2 Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

which msucles attach to the vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae

A

longus colli, psoas major and psoas minor

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2
Q

which throacic segments will have msucles attaching to their vertebral bodies

A

T1-3, T12

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3
Q

which thoracic segment is last to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum brevis

A

T11

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4
Q

which thoracic segment is first to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum longus

A

T7

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5
Q

which thoracic segment is last to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum longus

A

T10

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6
Q

rhomboid major and rhombod mior will attach to the spinous process of which thoracics

A

T1 only

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7
Q

which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment of the serratus posterior superior

A

T1-T3

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8
Q

which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment of the serratus posterior inferior

A

T11-12

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9
Q

which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment of the splenius muscles

A

T1-T6

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10
Q

which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment of the iliocostalis lumborum

A

T11-T12

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11
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebbral body of which segments

A

T12, L1

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12
Q

what is the name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process

A

transforaminal ligaments

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13
Q

what ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process

A

corporotransverse ligaments

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14
Q

what corpotransverse ligaments are identified

A

superior corporotransverse and inferior corporotransverse ligaments

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15
Q

what ae the types of hofmann ligaments

A

anterior, posterior, lateral hoffman ligmanets and proximal root sleeve ligaments

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16
Q

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral colum

A

cervical-upperthroacic region and lumbar region

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17
Q

cervical-upper thoracic hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together

A

dura mater to segments above

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18
Q

what is the highes level known to demonstrate hofmann ligaments

A

C6

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19
Q

what is the proposed function of the cervical-upper thoracic hofmann ligaments

A

resist caudal movement of the dural sac

resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

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20
Q

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together

A

dura mater to lower segmental levels

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21
Q

what is the proposed function of the lumbar hofmann ligaments

A

resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

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22
Q

what is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligament

A

resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intrvertebral foramen

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23
Q

what is the orientation of the pedicle of a typical lumbar

A

posterior

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24
Q

the pedicle attaches at what location on vertebral body of a typical lumbar

A

to the upper third or half of the vertebral body

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25
Q

what ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical lumbar

A

ligamentum flavum

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26
Q

what joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flacum attachment

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint

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27
Q

what osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region

A

overlap of the laminae, shingling, diminishes; overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes

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28
Q

what is the outline of the certebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra

A

triangular

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29
Q

which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lumbars

A

transverse

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30
Q

how does the size of the vertebral foramen differ along the spine

A

cervicals have the greatest size, lumbars next, thoracics are smallest.

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31
Q

What part of the central nerve system is present in the lumbar spine

A

The conus medullaris is typically present at the vertebral foramen of L1

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32
Q

What part of the peripheral nerve system is present in the lumbar spine

A

The cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-4

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33
Q

Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process

A

Each transverse process is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-3. L4 begins to decrease in length

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34
Q

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process

A

Accessory process

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35
Q

A styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition

A

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process

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36
Q

What ligaments will attach to the lumbar accessory process

A

Mammillo-accessory ligament

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37
Q

What parts of a vertebra are attached via the mammillo-accessory ligament

A

The mammillary process and accessory process of the same segment

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38
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament

A

The medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

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39
Q

What muscles attach tithe lumbar accessory process

A

Longissimus thoracis and intertransversarii

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40
Q

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebrae

A

Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis, rotator long is and intertransversarii

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41
Q

What ligament attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra

A

The lumbocostal mammillo-accessory and intertransverse ligaments

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42
Q

What joint classifications are present at the transverse process of a typical lumbar

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesomosis

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43
Q

What are the posterior elements of the vertebra

A

Zygapophysis, lamina and spinous process

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44
Q

What are the anterior elements of the vertebra

A

Vertebral body and pedicle

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45
Q

What is the orientation of a typical lumbar superior articulate facet

A

Backward upward medial (BUM) typically concave

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46
Q

What is the orientation of a typical lumbar inferior Articular facet

A

Forward lateral and downward (FoLD) significant convexity

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47
Q

What muscles will attach to the mammillary process

A

Multifidis and intertransversarii

48
Q

What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior Articular process and transverse process

A

Mammillo-accessory ligament

49
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament

A

The medial branch of the dorsal Ramos of a lumbar spinal nerve

50
Q

What additional ligaments are said to attach to lumbar Articular process

A

Transforminal ligaments

51
Q

What is the joint classification for the typical lumbar zygapophysis

A

Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

52
Q

How many synovial joints are present on a typical lumbar vertebra

A

Four

53
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in children

A

The zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane

54
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults

A

The zygapophysis lies in the Sagittal plane for L1/L2 ,L2/3, L3/4; the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L4/5 and L5/S1

55
Q

What is the name given to zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane

A

Joint symmetry

56
Q

What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis Loes in the sagittal plane or position

A

Joint symmetry or joint tropism

57
Q

Define or describe joint tropism

A

the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis Loes in the sagittal plane or position

58
Q

What is the name of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process

A

Baastrups syndrome or kissing spines

59
Q

What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process

A

Latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, spinal is thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis

60
Q

what is the appearance of the fifth lumbar vertebral body from the lateral view

A

anterior height is greater tthan posterior height by several millimeters;it appears to form a wedge on a lateral X-ray view

61
Q

how many synovial joint surfaces are present at the fifth lumbar vertebral body

A

none

62
Q

how many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces present on the L5 vertebral body

A

four

63
Q

How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body L5

A

two

64
Q

What muscles attach to the fifth lumbar vertebral body

A

psoas major

65
Q

what are the attachmentsites of the superior corporotransverse ligaments at L4-L5 intervertebral foramen

A

L4 vertebral body and L4-L5 intervertebral disc to the transverse process of L5

66
Q

what are the attachment sites of the inferior corpotransverse ligaments at the L4-L5 intervertebral foramen?

A

L5 vertebral body and L5-S1 intervertebral disc to the transverse process of L5

67
Q

what characteristic of the L1-L4 pedicle may be used to diefferentiate it from the L5 segment? be specific and complete as the differences on segment from each group

A

on cranial the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment. At L5 transverse process originates from teh vertebral body, pedicle and lamina pedicle region.

68
Q

What is the generic direction and length of the fifth lumbar transverse process

A

it is directed straight lateral and is the shortest of all lumbar transverse processes

69
Q

what accounts for the shortness of the L5 transverse process

A

the hip/innominate bones diminish the available space in the transverse plane

70
Q

what parts of the lumbar transverse are homologous to the cervical transverse process parts?

A

L transverse tubercle= C anterior tubercle; L transverse process=costal element; L accessory process= C posterior tubercle, L transverse process origin=C true transverse process

71
Q

what muscles may attach to the transvverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra

A

psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis, rotator brevis, rotator longus, and intertransversarii

72
Q

what ligaments traditionally attach to the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra

A

lumbosacral, iliolumbar and mammillo-accessory ligaments

73
Q

what is the orientation of the fifth lumbar superior articular facet

A

backward upward medial (BUM); typically concave

74
Q

What is the orientation of the fifth lumbar inferior articular facet

A

forward lateral downward (FoLD) significant convexity

75
Q

what muscles will attach to the fifth lumbar spinous process

A

latissimus dorsi, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis

76
Q

How many synovial joints are macimally observed at each lumbar vertebra

A

L1-L5=four each

77
Q

How many joints are traditionally observed at each lumbar vertebral body

A

L1-L5= six each

78
Q

what is the inferiror articular facet orientation at each lumbar vertebra

A

L1-L5=forward downward lateral (FoLD)

79
Q

what part of the sacral ala is derived fom the costal element

A

the anteriro two thirds

80
Q

the costal element and true transverse process of sacrum unite to form what feature

A

the sacral ala

81
Q

how many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are present on the S1 vertebral body?

A

four

82
Q

how many joint surfaces are present on the the vertebral body of the first sacral segment

A

five

83
Q

what muscle may attach to the irst sacral body

A

psoas major

84
Q

what is the reported angulation of the first sacral articular facets

A

they lie vertically in the coronal plane

85
Q

what is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in adults

A

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1

86
Q

what is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet

A

backward upward medial; typicallly concave

87
Q

what is the name given to the projection on the first sacral superior articular process

A

the mammillary process

88
Q

from the anterior view the intervertebral discs of the sacrum will be replaced by what feature

A

transverse ridges

89
Q

an imaginary line drawn along the dorsal midline of the sacrum is identified as the_____.

A

median sacral crest

90
Q

what forms the median sacral crestf

A

used spinous processes and their spinous tubercles

91
Q

what is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated the sacrum exhibits spina bifida and dorsiflexion produces pain

A

knife clasp syndrome

92
Q

an imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will form what feature

A

intermediate sacral crest

93
Q

what forms the intermediate sacral crest

A

fused articular processes and their facets

94
Q

what features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest

A

the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5

95
Q

what is the remnant of the inferior articular process and facet of S5

A

the sacral cornu

96
Q

what is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal

A

the sacral hiatus

97
Q

what forms the lateral sacral crest

A

the fused transverse processes and transverse tubercles from s1-5

98
Q

what is the sacral tuberosity

A

the enlarged tranverse tubercle of S2

99
Q

what is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity

A

the accessory sacroiliac joint

100
Q

what muscle is said to attach to the dorsal surface of the sacrum

A

iliacus

101
Q

what feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3

A

the auricular surface

102
Q

what classification of joint is formed by the auricular surface of the sacrum

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

103
Q

what feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form

A

the sacral promontory

104
Q

what ligament is attached to the sacral hiatus

A

the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

105
Q

what joint classifications are typically present at sacrum

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

106
Q

what forms the posterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen

A

the sacrla cornu, the coccygeal cornu, the superficial posteriro sacrococcygeal ligament and theintercornual ligament

107
Q

what forms the anterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve IVF

A

the vertebral body S5 vertebral body Co!, deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament and intervertebral disc

108
Q

what is the homolog for the posterior longitudinal ligament at S5

A

the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

109
Q

what is the homolog for the ligamentum flavum at s5

A

the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

110
Q

what forms the inferiior boundary for the spinal canal

A

the union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

111
Q

what ligament is formed by the union of the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal and the deep posteriror sacrococcygeal ligament

A

the posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

112
Q

what ligament is the homolog of the intertransverse ligament at S5

A

lateral sacrococcygeal ligament

113
Q

what ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina

A

sacrospinous ligament

114
Q

which ligament has a broad attachment along the lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx and then attaches to the ischial tuberosity

A

sacrotuberous ligament

115
Q

which ligament represents a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the sacro iliac joint

A

anteriror sacro-iliac ligament

116
Q

which ligament will attach the intermediate sacral crest of S1 lateral sacral crest of S2 to the posterior superior iliac spine

A

the long posterior sacro-iliac ligament

117
Q

what is the homolog for the capsular ligament at S5

A

intercornual ligament

Spinal Quiz Qs (8 decks)

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