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FOM 1 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bases and genes are in the human genome?

A

3 billion bases
30,000 genes

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2
Q

What phase does DNA replication occur in?

A

S phase

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3
Q

What is removed during transcription and splicing?

A

Introns

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4
Q

How many bases code for an amino acid?

A

3

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5
Q

What are the 3 stop codons?

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

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6
Q

What is a polymorphism?

A

Any variation in the human genome that does not cause a disease in its own right. May predispose to disease.

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7
Q

What is the central dogma?

A

DNA is transcribed to RNA and RNA is translated to protein

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8
Q

How many amino acids can be coded for?

A

20

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9
Q

What is the start codon?

A

AUG

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10
Q

What are the reading frames of translation?

A

First frame starts at the first letter
Second frame starts at the second letter
Third frame starts at the third letter

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11
Q

What are required for translation?

A

Amino acids
tRNAs
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
Protein factors
ATP and GTP
Ribosomes
mRNA

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12
Q

What do aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases do in translation?

A

Bind amino acids to corresponding tRNA

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13
Q

What are the 3 tRNA binding sites?

A

E site: Exit
P site: Peptidyl
A site: Aminoacyl

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14
Q

What provides energy for initiation?

A

GTP hydrolysis

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15
Q

Which end of mRNA is bound to by the ribosomal subunit?

A

5’

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16
Q

What is a point mutation?

A

Single base change

17
Q

What is a missense mutation?

A

Results in a change in amino acid sequence

18
Q

What is a nonsense mutation?

A

New termination codon created

19
Q

What is a silent mutation?

A

No change in amino acid sequence

20
Q

What is a frameshift mutation?

A

Addition or deletion of 1 or 2 bases changing the reading frame

21
Q

What are the types of chromosomal mutation that can occur?

A

Deletion
Duplication
Inversions
Translocation

22
Q

Where do proteins from free ribosomes go?

A

Cytosol
Nucleus
Mitochondria

23
Q

Where do proteins from bound ribosomes go?

A

Plasma membrane
ER
Golgi apparatus
Secretion

24
Q

What is glycosilation?

A

Addition and processing of carbohydrates in the ER and golgi

25
Q

What are nucleoside and nucleotide?

A

Nucleoside - Base and sugar
Nucleotide - Nucleoside and phosphate group

26
Q

What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?

A

In ribose the second carbon has an OH group in deoxyribose this is a H

27
Q

Is there base pairing in a stem loop?

A

No

28
Q

Is there base pairing in a stem?

A

Yes

29
Q
A

FOM 1 (14 decks)

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