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FOM 1 > Week 12 > Flashcards

Week 12 Flashcards

Intro to systems

1
Q

What is inotropy?

A

Description of the force of cardiac contraction

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2
Q

What is lusitropy?

A

Rate of myocardial relaxation

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3
Q

What do chronotropic drugs affect?

A

Change heart rate and rhythm by affecting electrical conduction of the heart

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4
Q

What is an arrhythmia and arrhythmogenesis?

A

A condition where there are disturbances in the electrophysiology of the heart

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5
Q

What are ectopic foci?

A

Action potentials arise from sites other than the SA node

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6
Q

What is enhanced normal automaticity?

A

Increased action potentials from the SN node

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7
Q

How many degrees of conduction block exist?

A

3

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8
Q

Describe a 1st degree conduction block.

A

PR interval exceeds 0.2 seconds

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9
Q

Describe a 2nd degree conduction block.

A

PR interval progressively lengthens until a missing QRS complex is seen
2 types

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10
Q

Describe a 3rd degree conduction block.

A

Atria and ventricle operate in isolation from one another

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11
Q

What are the classes in the Vaughn-Williams classification?

A

Ia - Moderate sodium channel blockers
Ib - Weak sodium channel blockers
Ic - Strong sodium channel blockers
II - Beta adrenoceptor blockade
III - Potassium channel blockade
IV - Calcium channel blockade

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12
Q

What is the effect of class I anti-arrhythmics?

A

Offset or slow rapid depolarisation

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13
Q

What is the effect of beta adrenoceptor blockers?

A

Positive lusitropy
Positive inotropy
Positive chronotropy

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14
Q

Why are K+ channel blockers not prescribed as often?

A

High number of adverse drug effects

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15
Q

What is the impact of K+ channel blockers?

A

Prolong repolarisation
Increase in action potential duration

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16
Q

What is the effect of Calcium channel blockers?

A

Offset depolarisation of ventricular action potential
Affects the plateau by decreasing the amount of calcium that can enter the cell down the electrochemical gradient

17
Q

What are the classes of voltage-gated Na+ channels?

A

A - Closed
B - Open
C - Inactivated

18
Q

What does pill in pocket strategy refer to?

A

Medication prescribed to take at home when symptoms arise

19
Q

What is the most common cardiac arrhythmia?

A

AF

20
Q

Give some examples of sodium channel blockers?

A

Flecainide
Propafenone

21
Q

Give some examples of Beta1 adrenoceptor blockers

A

Atenolol
Bisoprolol
Carvedilol

22
Q

Give some examples of non-selective beta blockers.

A

Propanolol
Soltalol

23
Q

What type of drug is amiodarone?

A

Potassium channel blocker

24
Q

Give some examples of calcium channel blockers.

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem

25
Q

Name some drugs that don’t fit the Vaugn Williams classification

A

Adenosine
Ivabradine
Digoxin
Atropine

26
Q

What is atropine?

A

Muscarinic antagonist

27
Q

When is atropine used?

A

Management of beta blocker induced bradycardia and bradycardia after MI

28
Q

When is ivabradine used?

A

Management of angina and heart failure

29
Q

What does ivabradine do?

A

Inhibits funny current and reduces heart rate

30
Q

When is digoxin used?

A

AF and heart failure

31
Q

What does digoxin do?

A

Acts as a positive inotrope to increase contractility and thus cardiac output

32
Q

When is adenosine used?

A

Terminating re-entrant supraventricular tachycardia

33
Q

What is adenosine?

A

Natural nucleoside which binds to the adenosine A1 receptors in the AV primarily

34
Q

What are the therapeutic options for BP intervention?

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
Angiotensin-II receptor blocker
Calcium channel blocker
Thiazide-like diuretic

35
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do?

A

Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

36
Q
A

FOM 1 (14 decks)

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