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FOM 1 > Week 10 > Flashcards

Week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a collection of nerve cells bodies in the CNS and PNS?

A

CNS - Nucleus
PNS - Ganglion

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2
Q

What is the longest process extending from a neuron?

A

Axon

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3
Q

What is a nerve made up of?

A

Bundles of axons wrapped in connective tissue

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4
Q

What are the 6 modalities an axon can conduct?

A

Somatic sensory
Somatic motor
Special sensory
Visceral afferent
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

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5
Q

What direction will an action potential travel in a motor or efferent neuron?

A

CNS toward PNS

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6
Q

What direction will an action potential travel in a sensory or afferent neuron?

A

PNS toward CNS

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7
Q

What are a gyri and sulcus in relation to the brain?

A

Gyri - Ridge
Sulcus - Dip

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8
Q

What are the 4 lobes of each cerebral hemisphere?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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9
Q

What is CN I and is it sensory or motor?

A

Olfactory (Smell)
Sensory - Special

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10
Q

What is CN II and is it sensory or motor?

A

Optic (Sight)
Sensory - Special

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11
Q

What is CN III and is it sensory or motor?

A

Oculomotor (Eye movement)
Motor

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12
Q

What is CN IV and is it sensory or motor?

A

Trochlear (Eye movement one muscle)
Motor

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13
Q

What is CN V and is it sensory or motor?

A

Trigeminal
Both

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14
Q

What is CN VI and is it sensory or motor?

A

Abducent (Abducts the eyes)
Motor

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15
Q

What is CN VII and is it sensory or motor?

A

Facial (Facial expression)
Both

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16
Q

What is CN VIII and is it sensory or motor?

A

Vestibulocochlear (Hearing and balance)
Sensory - Special

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17
Q

What is CNIX and is it sensory or motor?

A

Glossopharyngeal (Tongue and pharynx)
Both

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18
Q

What is CN X and is it sensory or motor?

A

Vagus (Large number of roles)
Both

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19
Q

What is CN XI and is it sensory or motor?

A

Spinal accessory
Motor

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20
Q

What is CN XII and is it sensory or motor?

A

Hypoglossal (Tongue)
Motor

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21
Q

What are the 3 components of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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22
Q

What CNs enter/exit the anterior fossa?

A

CNs 1

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23
Q

What CNs enter/exit the middle fossa?

A

CNs II to CNs VI

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24
Q

What CNs enter/exit the posterior fossa?

A

CNs VII to CNs XII

25
Q

What foramina does CN I go through?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

26
Q

What foramina does CNII pass through?

A

Optic canal

27
Q

What foramina do CN III, IV, Va and VI pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

28
Q

What foramina does CN Vb pass through?

A

Foramen rotundum

29
Q

What foramina does CN Vc pass through?

A

Foramen ovale

30
Q

What foramina does CN VII and VIII pass through?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

31
Q

What foramina does CN IX, X and XI pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

32
Q

What foramina does CN XII pass through?

A

Hypoglossal canal

33
Q

Where are the 2 enlargements of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical
Lumbosacral

34
Q

What is the area where the spinal cord ends?

A

Conus medullaris

35
Q

What level is the conus medullaris?

A

L1/L2 IV disc

36
Q

How are spinal nerves named?

A

According to vertebra above
Except in C region where it is vertebra below

37
Q

What do spinal nerves supply?

A

Soma

38
Q

Where are spinal nerves found?

A

Only within intervertebral foramina

39
Q

How do spinal nerves connect to the structures of the soma?

A

Rami

40
Q

How do the spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord?

A

Roots and rootlets

41
Q

Where are ganglions found?

A

Posterior root

42
Q

Why are posterior rami smaller?

A

Only supply posterior body wall

43
Q

Put these in the correct order.

A

Root
Rami
Rootlets
Spinal nerve

44
Q

Where does the T4 dermatome cover?

A

Nipple

45
Q

Where does the T10 dermatome cover?

A

Umbilicus

46
Q

What are the 4 plexuses?

A

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral

47
Q

Give some examples of the inclusions in the somatic nervous system.

A

Head and neck walls
Chest
Back
Diaphragm
Limbs
Skin Skeletal muscle

48
Q

What do nociceptors sense?

A

Pain

49
Q

What is included in the autonomic nervous system?

A

Viscera
Glands
Smooth and cardiac muscle
External organ lining

50
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Control of internal environment
Sensations from organs to CNS
Motor control - Parasympathetic and sympathetic

51
Q

How might pain from the autonomic nervous system present?

A

Dull
Aching
Poorly localised

52
Q

What are the 2 motor control divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

53
Q

What impact does the sympathetic nervous system have on
Pupils
Heart
Lungs
GI tract
Liver
Adrenal glands
Arterioles
Skin

A

Pupils - Dilate
Heart - Rate increases
Lungs - Bronchioles dilate
GI tract - Reduced motility
Liver - Glucose released into blood
Adrenal glands - Adrenaline/noradrenaline released
Arterioles - Dilate (skeletal muscle) or constrict (skin)
Skin - Hair stands on end and sweat produced

54
Q

Where does the sympathetic outflow leave the spinal cord?

A

T1 - L2

55
Q

What nerves connect the sympathetic nervous system to the organs?

A

Splanchnic

56
Q

What impact does the parasympathetic nervous system have on
Pupils
Heart
Lungs
GI tract
Liver
Bladder

A

Pupils - Constrict
Heart - Rate decreases
Lungs - Bronchioles constrict
GI tract - Mobility is increased
Liver - Glucose synthesis
Bladder - Sphincter releases

57
Q

Where do parasympathetic axons leave the CNS?

A

CNs III, VII, IX and X
Sacral spinal nerves

58
Q
A

FOM 1 (14 decks)

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