Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FOM 1 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which organ in the digestive system does venous blood drain to first?

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which side of the heart pumps venous blood?

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which side of the heart pumps arterial blood?

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What system is the thoracic duct in?

A

Lymphatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

The skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between systole and diastole?

A

Systole - Contraction
Diastole - Relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the only vein that carries oxygenated blood.

A

Pulmonary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the main artery leaving the heart to the rest of the body?

A

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main vein that brings blood back from the body?

A

Vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 atrioventricular valves and where is each located?

A

Mitral - Left
Tricuspid - Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What valves other than the atrioventricular are found in the heart?

A

Semilunar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe conduction within the heart.

A

Signal starts at the sinoatrial node causing atria contraction
This travels to the AV node
This then travels down the bundles of His
This spreads to the myocardium via Perkinje fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three layers of the blood vessel wall?

A

Tunica interna
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the tunica interna made of?

A

Endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the tunica media made of?

A

Smooth muscle and elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the tunica adventitia made of?

A

Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the name of the area an artery supplies?

A

Territory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe sympathetic tone in arterioles.

A

There is a background low level of contraction in the smooth muscle due to tonic conduction of sympathetic nerve fibres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an anastomoses and provide an example of where they can be found.

A

Alternative route through arterial connection around a potential blockage.
The circle of Willis, joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a negative of anastomoses?

A

Increased blood loss on injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an end artery?

A

The only artery supplying an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 4 parts to the aorta?

A

Ascending aorta
Arch of the aorta
Descending aorta
Abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 branches of the arch of the aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Order these correctly

Radial and ulnar artery
Auxiliary artery
Subclavian artery
Brachial artery

A

Subclavian
Auxiliary
Brachial
Radial and ulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate to?

A

Common iliac arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the bifurcations of the common iliac artery?

A

External and internal iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Name 6 areas you can find a peripheral pulse in and the associated artery.

A

Carotid - Bifurcation of the common carotid artery
Brachial - Brachial artery
Radial - Radial artery
Femoral - Femoral artery
Posterior knee - Popliteal artery
Dorsum of the foot - Dorsalis pedis artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe 3 mechanisms that assist venous blood flow.

A

Venous valves to prevent backflow
Muscular contraction
Venae comitantes - Run in pairs or more with an artery in sheath to pulsate venous blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 2 sets of veins?

A

Superficial
Deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the main vein of the GI tract?

A

Portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What veins drains most organs and tissues?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What lines a capillary?

A

Single layer of endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where is most lymph returned to?

A

Veins in the root of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What ducts drain lymph into the right venous angle?

A

The right lymphatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What ducts drain lymph into the left venous angle?

A

The thoracic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic control?

A

Intrinsic control occurs within an organ.
Extrinsic control are initiated out with an organ and accomplished by the nervous and endocrine system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What occurs in a feedforward control system?

A

A response is made in anticipation of a change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the two types of feedback control systems?

A

Positive feedback: Amplifies an initial change.
Negative feedback: Opposes an initial change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the primary feedback control system in the body?

A

Negative feedback control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Describe the basic components of a negative feedback control system.

A

Sensor - Senses deviations from the set point.
Control centre - Integrates information.
Effectors - Make appropriate adjustments to return to a set point.

40
Q

Provide some examples of negative feedback control within the body.

A

MAP
Core body temp
BM
ABGs
Blood pH

41
Q

Define systemic systolic arterial blood pressure.

A

The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the aorta and systemic arteries when the heart contracts.

42
Q

Define systemic diastolic arterial blood pressure.

A

The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the aorta and systemic arteries when the heart relaxes.

43
Q

What are the normal values for BP?

A

Systolic 90 -120
Diastolic 60 -80

44
Q

What BP values are needed to diagnose HTN?

A

Clinical BP of 140/90 or higher and day time average of 135/85 or higher.

45
Q

What is pulse pressure and what is its normal value?

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic BP.
30 - 50.

46
Q

What is MAP?

A

Average arterial blood pressure during a single cardiac cycle, which involves contraction and relaxation.

47
Q

How do you calculate MAP?

A

((2xdiastic) +systolic)/3

48
Q

What is the normal MAP?

A

70 - 105

49
Q

What MAP is required to perfuse the organs?

A

60

50
Q

What negative feedback system regulates the MAP?

A

The baroceptor reflex.

51
Q

Where is the cardiovascular control centre found?

A

Medulla.

52
Q

What are the two baroceptor types?

A

Carotid
Aortic

53
Q

What nerves travel from the baroceptors to the medulla?

A

Vagus nerve
Hering’s nerve

54
Q

Where is the nucleus tractus solitarus found?

A

1st synapse for all CVS afferents in the medulla.

55
Q

True or False

MAP = CO x Systemic vascular resistance

A

True

56
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute.

57
Q

True or False

CO = HR/Stroke volume

A

False

CO = SV x HR

58
Q

Define autorhythmicity.

A

The hearts ability to beat rhythmically in the absence of external stimuli.

59
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system slows the heart rate?

A

Parasympathetic division.

60
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system increases the heart rate?

A

Sympathetic division.

61
Q

What effect does noradrenaline have on the heart rate?

A

Increases.

62
Q

What effect does acetylcholine have on the heart rate?

A

Decreases.

63
Q

What nervous system acts on stroke volume?

A

Autonomic .

64
Q

What are the main site of systemic vascular resistance?

A

Arterioles.

65
Q

Describe vasomotor tone.

A

Vascular smooth muscle is partially constricted at rest due to constant tonic discharge of sympathetic nerves resulting in continuous release or noradrenaline.

66
Q

What effect with increased or decreased sympathetic discharge have on vasomotor tone?

A

Increased - Increases vasomotor tone.
Decreased - Decreases vasomotor tone.

67
Q

What are the only smooth muscles with parasympathetic innervation?

A

Clitoris
Penis

68
Q

What happens to the baroceptor response in HTN?

A

Firing decreases as high BP is sustained, causing them to re-set and only respond to further acute changes.

69
Q

Describe endochondral ossification.

A

An initial small hyaline cartilage grows to form long bones.

70
Q

Where is the diaphysis of a bone found?

A

The shaft of the bone.

71
Q

Where is the metaphysis found relative to the epiphysis in bone?

A

Closer to the diaphysis.

72
Q

What is the difference between the bone in the outer cortex and inner medulla?

A

The outer cortex is dense and compact.
The inner medulla is spongy and more porous.

73
Q

Which part of the bone is marrow found in?

A

The inner medulla.

74
Q

What bones tend to produce blood cells?

A

Hip
Sternum
Skull
Ribs
Vertebrae
Femur
Humerus

75
Q

Describe the periosteum of bone.

A

A well innervated and vascularised sleeve of fibrous connective tissue.

76
Q

What are the 3 fossa of the cranial cavity?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

77
Q

What are the function of foramina in the skull?

A

Holes which nerves and blood vessels can pass through.

78
Q

What composes the axial skeleton?

A

Bones of the skull, neck and trunk.

79
Q

What composes the appendicular skeleton?

A

Bones of the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle and limbs.

80
Q

What are the bones of the facial skeleton called?

A

Viscerocranium.

81
Q

What are the bones of the cranial vault called?

A

Neurocranium.

82
Q

What bones make up the cranial vault?

A

Frontal bone
Sphenoid bones
Parietal bones
Temporal bones
Occipital bone

83
Q

What bones make up the facial skeleton?

A

Nasal bones
Zygoma bones
Maxilla
Mandible

84
Q

How many vertebra make up each part of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral -5
Coccygeal - 4

85
Q

What make up the vertebral arch of a vertebra?

A

2 x pedicle
2 x lamina

86
Q

What are the processes found on a vertebra?

A

Spinous
Transverse
Inferior articular
Superior articular

87
Q

Name the joint between the articular processes of adjacent vertebra.

A

Facet joint.

88
Q

What is the name of the C1 vertebra and how does it differ?

A

Atlas
No body or spinous process, has a posterior and anterior arch instead.

89
Q

What is the name of the C2 vertebra and how does it differ?

A

Axis
Has an odontoid process that projects superiorly.

90
Q

Which ribs are the true ribs?

A

1-7

91
Q

Which ribs are the false ribs?

A

8-10

92
Q

Which ribs are the floating ribs?

A

11 and 12

93
Q

What are the 3 main types of joint?

A

Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous

94
Q

What are the types of fibrous joint?

A

Syndesmoses - Unites bone with a fibrous sheet.
Sutures - Between bones of the skull.

95
Q

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Primary - Bones joined by hyaline cartilage e.g. growth plates.
Secondary - Strong slight movable fibrocartilage e.g. intervertebral discs.

96
Q

What are the subtypes of synovial joints?

A

Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot - Shaking of head action e.g. atlanto axial
Plane - Minimal movement in one plane e.g. AC
Biaxial - Reasonable range in one direction less in another e.g. MCP

97
Q

What is the difference between subluxation and dislocation?

A

In subluxation the area of contact between the articular surfaces is reduced but remains and in dislocation there is a complete loss of contact.

97
Q

Name the different types of skeletal muscle with examples.

A

Circular e.g. orbicularis oculi
Fusiform e.g. biceps
Pennate e.g. deltoid
Quadrate e.g. rectus abdominus
Flat with aponeurosis e.g. external oblique

98
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

A flattened tendon that attaches muscle to soft tissue rather than bone.

99
Q
A

FOM 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions