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FOM 1 > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What antibiotic groups target the cell wall?

A

Penicillin’s
Cephalosporins
Glycopeptides

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2
Q

What groups of antibiotics are Beta lactams?

A

Penicillin’s
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems

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3
Q

Name penicillin antibiotics.

A

Penicillin
Flucloxacillin
Amoxicillin
Temocillin
Co-amoxiclav
Piperacillin/tazobactam

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4
Q

Name the most common cephalosporin

A

Ceftriaxone

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5
Q

Name the 2 most used glycopeptides.

A

Vancomycin
Teicoplanin

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6
Q

What are the proteins that Beta-lactams target?

A

Penicillin Binding Proteins

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7
Q

Where are penicillin’s excreted?

A

Kidneys

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8
Q

What are the 3 principle penicillin compounds?

A

Benzylpenicillin - Penicillin G
Penoxymethyl penicillin - Penicillin V
Benzathine penicillin

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9
Q

What type of bacteria does penicillin V act on?

A

Largely gram +ve
Streptococci, staphylococci, clostridia, neisseria, treponema, listeria, bacillis, corynebacterium

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10
Q

Why must penicillin V be taken 30 minutes before a meal or 3 hours after?

A

Sensitive to stomach acid.

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11
Q

What is the spectrum for amoxycillin?

A

Large spectrum gram +ve and gram -ve.
Enterocci, moraxella, listeria, escherichia, proteus, haemophilus, salmonella, shigella

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12
Q

What does co-amoxiclav contain?

A

Amoxicillin
Clavulanic acid

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13
Q

What does clavulanic acid inhibit?

A

B-lactamase activity

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14
Q

Is flucloxacillin narrow or broad spectrum?

A

Narrow spectrum

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15
Q

What does flucloxacillin target?

A

Staphylococci and streptococci

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16
Q

What is MRSA resistant to?

A

Flucloxacillin

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17
Q

Is piperacillin/ tazobactam broad spectrum or narrow spectrum and is it impacted by beta-lactamases?

A

Broad
Resistant to beta-lactamases

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18
Q

Does temocillin work on gram -ve or gram +ve organisms?

A

Gram -ve

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19
Q

Is temocillin beta-lactamase resistant?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What does temocillin largely act on?

A

Coliforms

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21
Q

How are cephalosporins excreted?

A

Kidneys and urine

22
Q

How do cephalosporins act?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis and bactericidal

23
Q

Are cephalosporins broad or narrow spectrum?

A

Broad spectrum

24
Q

Why do hospitals tend to avoid cephalosporin use?

A

Significantly impact the gut flora

25
Q

What do glycopeptides act on?

A

Bind to end of cell wall peptide side chains preventing incorporation into the cell wall
Blocks access to substrate by PBP and inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis

26
Q

What type of bacteria are glycopeptides active against?

A

Only gram +ve

27
Q

Why do some antibiotics need to be hydrophilic to act on their target?

A

So they can cross the membrane

28
Q

Protein inhibiting antibiotics attach to…

A

Bacterial ribosomes which are structurally different from mammalian ribosomes

29
Q

What are the three most commonly prescribed groups of protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics?

A

Aminoglycides
Tetracyclines
Macrolides

30
Q

When is gentamicin used?

A

Severe life threatening scenarios

31
Q

Why do blood levels need to be monitored when using aminoglycides?

A

They are toxic so can damage kidneys, and the 8th cranial nerve

32
Q

Is gentamicin bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

33
Q

What type of organism does gentamicin work against?

A

Mainly Gram -ve

34
Q

Name the tetracycline antibiotics.

A

Tetracycline
Minocycline
Doxycycline

35
Q

Are tetracyclines broad or narrow spectrum antibiotics?

A

Broad

36
Q

Are tetracyclines bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

37
Q

Name the macrolide antibiotics.

A

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

38
Q

Why do macrolides not work on UTIs?

A

Excreted through the liver, biliary tract and gut

39
Q

What antibiotic groups target nucleic acids?

A

Fluroquinolones
Metronidazole
Trimethoprim

40
Q

Name the quinolone antibiotics.

A

Nalidixic acid
Ciprofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

41
Q

What is the mode of action for quinolones?

A

Bind to the A subunit of DNA gyrase and prevent supercoiling of DNA, indirectly inhibiting DNA synthesis

42
Q

Are quinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

43
Q

What is the most commonly prescribed nitroimidazole?

A

Metronidazole

44
Q

How is metronidazole activated?

A

Reduced when it enters the cell

45
Q

What is the mode of action of metronidazole?

A

Forms a toxic intermediate when activated that induces DNA strand breakage

46
Q

What antibiotics inhibit folic acid synthesis?

A

Sulphonamides
Trimethoprim

47
Q

What is trimethoprim commonly prescribed for?

A

UTIs

48
Q

What antibiotic is commonly prescribed in a penicillin allergy?

A

Erythromycin

49
Q

What does metronidazole act on?

A

Anaerobes

50
Q

What are the 4 C antibiotics that increase C.Diff risk?

A

Cephalosporins
Co-amoxiclav
Ciprofloxacin
Clindamycin

FOM 1 (14 decks)

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