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Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What antibiotic groups target the cell wall?

A

Penicillin’s
Cephalosporins
Glycopeptides

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2
Q

What groups of antibiotics are Beta lactams?

A

Penicillin’s
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems

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3
Q

Name penicillin antibiotics.

A

Penicillin
Flucloxacillin
Amoxicillin
Temocillin
Co-amoxiclav
Piperacillin/tazobactam

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4
Q

Name the most common cephalosporin

A

Ceftriaxone

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5
Q

Name the 2 most used glycopeptides.

A

Vancomycin
Teicoplanin

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6
Q

What are the proteins that Beta-lactams target?

A

Penicillin Binding Proteins

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7
Q

Where are penicillin’s excreted?

A

Kidneys

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8
Q

What are the 3 principle penicillin compounds?

A

Benzylpenicillin - Penicillin G
Penoxymethyl penicillin - Penicillin V
Benzathine penicillin

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9
Q

What type of bacteria does penicillin V act on?

A

Largely gram +ve
Streptococci, staphylococci, clostridia, neisseria, treponema, listeria, bacillis, corynebacterium

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10
Q

Why must penicillin V be taken 30 minutes before a meal or 3 hours after?

A

Sensitive to stomach acid.

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11
Q

What is the spectrum for amoxycillin?

A

Large spectrum gram +ve and gram -ve.
Enterocci, moraxella, listeria, escherichia, proteus, haemophilus, salmonella, shigella

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12
Q

What does co-amoxiclav contain?

A

Amoxicillin
Clavulanic acid

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13
Q

What does clavulanic acid inhibit?

A

B-lactamase activity

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14
Q

Is flucloxacillin narrow or broad spectrum?

A

Narrow spectrum

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15
Q

What does flucloxacillin target?

A

Staphylococci and streptococci

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16
Q

What is MRSA resistant to?

A

Flucloxacillin

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17
Q

Is piperacillin/ tazobactam broad spectrum or narrow spectrum and is it impacted by beta-lactamases?

A

Broad
Resistant to beta-lactamases

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18
Q

Does temocillin work on gram -ve or gram +ve organisms?

A

Gram -ve

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19
Q

Is temocillin beta-lactamase resistant?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What does temocillin largely act on?

A

Coliforms

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21
Q

How are cephalosporins excreted?

A

Kidneys and urine

22
Q

How do cephalosporins act?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis and bactericidal

23
Q

Are cephalosporins broad or narrow spectrum?

A

Broad spectrum

24
Q

Why do hospitals tend to avoid cephalosporin use?

A

Significantly impact the gut flora

25
What do glycopeptides act on?
Bind to end of cell wall peptide side chains preventing incorporation into the cell wall Blocks access to substrate by PBP and inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis
26
What type of bacteria are glycopeptides active against?
Only gram +ve
27
Why do some antibiotics need to be hydrophilic to act on their target?
So they can cross the membrane
28
Protein inhibiting antibiotics attach to...
Bacterial ribosomes which are structurally different from mammalian ribosomes
29
What are the three most commonly prescribed groups of protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics?
Aminoglycides Tetracyclines Macrolides
30
When is gentamicin used?
Severe life threatening scenarios
31
Why do blood levels need to be monitored when using aminoglycides?
They are toxic so can damage kidneys, and the 8th cranial nerve
32
Is gentamicin bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
33
What type of organism does gentamicin work against?
Mainly Gram -ve
34
Name the tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracycline Minocycline Doxycycline
35
Are tetracyclines broad or narrow spectrum antibiotics?
Broad
36
Are tetracyclines bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bacteriostatic
37
Name the macrolide antibiotics.
Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin
38
Why do macrolides not work on UTIs?
Excreted through the liver, biliary tract and gut
39
What antibiotic groups target nucleic acids?
Fluroquinolones Metronidazole Trimethoprim
40
Name the quinolone antibiotics.
Nalidixic acid Ciprofloxacin Moxifloxacin
41
What is the mode of action for quinolones?
Bind to the A subunit of DNA gyrase and prevent supercoiling of DNA, indirectly inhibiting DNA synthesis
42
Are quinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
43
What is the most commonly prescribed nitroimidazole?
Metronidazole
44
How is metronidazole activated?
Reduced when it enters the cell
45
What is the mode of action of metronidazole?
Forms a toxic intermediate when activated that induces DNA strand breakage
46
What antibiotics inhibit folic acid synthesis?
Sulphonamides Trimethoprim
47
What is trimethoprim commonly prescribed for?
UTIs
48
What antibiotic is commonly prescribed in a penicillin allergy?
Erythromycin
49
What does metronidazole act on?
Anaerobes
50
What are the 4 C antibiotics that increase C.Diff risk?
Cephalosporins Co-amoxiclav Ciprofloxacin Clindamycin

FOM 1 (14 decks)

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