week 4 Flashcards
why dont we call interviewing interrogation in australia
because it implies youre going in with a particular agenda
what is the goal of questioning if police believe they are responsible for the crime
elicit a confession
what is the conviction rate of confessions
73%
what is the conviction rate for eyewitness identification
59%
what do police and mock jurors prefer
confessions
low pressure confession conviction rate
62%
high pressure confession conviction rate
50%
no confession conviction rate
19%
what percentage of suspects make full confessions
between 39-48%
what percentage of suspects make a full or partial confession
55%
what percentage of wrongful convictions are caused by false confessions
25%
what percentage of wrongful convictions is the defendent 18 or younger and/or developmentally disabled
35%
what are the 3 types of false confessions
voluntary false confessions
coerced compliant false confession
coerced internalised false confessions
what is voluntary false confessions
false confession given without any pressure
why might someone do a voluntary false confession
protect a friend or family
pathological need for fame, acceptance, recognition or self punishment
fact/fantasy confusion.
why coerced compliant false confession
occur in order to escape/avoid an aversive interrogation or to gain a promised reward
short term benefits of confessing outweigh long term costs eg. prosecution, incarceration
what is internalised false confessions
where an innocent person comes to believe durinf interviewing that they committed the crime
what can coerced internalised false confessions impact
may permanently alter the suspects memory of an event
what is mr big technique
undercover cops pose as members of organised crime and lure suspect into the gang by rewarding them for commiting smaller crimmes. the gang interviews the suspect for a bigger job, but first they have to confess to any major crime they have committed, as either insurance or so mr big can make the problem disappear
what is mr big technique success rate
75%
what is mr big technique conviction rate
95%
what is criminal profiling
inference of type of person who committed a crime based on their offence behaviour
is criminal profiling good in court
no
what are the 2 types of profiling
inductive and deductive
In inductive logic conclusions are made:
probable by premises
in deductive logical conclusions are made:
certain by premises
what is induction
offers characteristics based on previous offenders and their behaviour
what does inductive profiling rely on
quality and relevance of previous research
a statement is deductive when:
it must be true, if the information or evidence on which it is based is true
typically deductive profiles:
discuss the behaviour in this crime, regardless of other offenders
try to fully outline/account for available physical evidence
seek to establish victimonlogy and crime scene characteristics
deductive conclusions are:
limiting, and limited to what can be inferred from physical evidence
how is research used for deducitve profiling
theory building only
what is the problem with deduction
if not enough info is available no conclusion can be drawn
different profiling methods
criminal investigative analysis investigative psychology behavioural evidence analysis diagnostic evaluations geographic profiling
what is criminal investigative analysis
organised/disorgaised typology
fbi
what is investigative psychology
very research focuses, statistics based
what is behavioural evidence analysis
forensic science/crime reconstruction focused
what is diagnostic evaluations
specific to individual analyst
eg. physicians, fps, psychiatrists, psychics etc.
what is geographic profiling
areas an offender is familiar with
