week 11: victims

Question 1

what are the types of quality of life measures

Answer 1

generic quality of life measures
health-related quality of life measures

Question 2

what are the categories of the quality of life framework

Answer 2

social material conditions
role functioning
life satisfaction and wellbeing

Question 3

what is role functioning talking about

Answer 3

social functioning eg. friends
occupational functioning eg. work
interpersonal functioning eg. relationships

Question 4

what can life satisfaction and wellbeing include

Answer 4

happiness
aspiration and achievements
positive experiences and feelings
absence of negative experiences and feelings
emotional maturity

Question 5

measures surrounding life satisfaction is generally

Answer 5

subjective

Question 6

what can social-material conditions include

Answer 6

employment
income
housing
health costs
healthcare utilisation
employer costs

Question 7

what are some examples of healthcare utilisation for social-material conditions

Answer 7

victims may not seek health care due to:
distrust of authority
fear of institutional settings
fear of people in uniform

Question 8

what are some examples of employer costs for social-material conditions

Answer 8

may not be comfortable around working with men
high absent
panic attacks

Question 9

how common is crime

Answer 9

relatively rare

Question 10

what is the common trend for crime

Answer 10

most crimes have been declining since the 1970s

Question 11

what are the general crime types

Answer 11

personal victimisation
property victimisation

Question 12

what are personal victimisation crimes

Answer 12

crimes against persons

Question 13

examples of personal victimisation crimes

Answer 13

assault
sexual offences
homicide

Question 14

what is property victimisation crimes

Answer 14

crimes against property

Question 15

examples of property victimisation

Answer 15

house break in
theft

Question 16

what does Janoff-Bulmans cognitive theory of trauma believe

Answer 16

post-traumatic stress following victimisation may be due to the shattering of three basic assumptions victims hold of themselves, other people and the world

Question 17

what are the 3 beliefs victims may hold which can lead to post traumatic stress

Answer 17

benevolence of the world
meaningfulness of the world
self worth

Question 18

what areas of a persons wellbeing can experience problems after criminal victimisation

Answer 18

physical
behavioural
psychological

Question 19

what are some examples of physical symptoms from criminal victimisation

Answer 19

injury
psychosomatic symptoms

Question 20

what are some examples of behavioural symptoms from criminal victimisation

Answer 20

withdrawal
avoidance
hypervigilance
substance abuse

Question 21

what are some examples of psychological symptoms from criminal victimisation

Answer 21

mood (depression and anxiety)
stress (post-traumatic stress disorder too)
shame
fear

Question 22

mental health effects lead to impacts across several key quality of life domains including:

Answer 22

role functioning
life satisfaction and wellbeing
social-material conditions

Question 23

examples of mental health impact on role functioning

Answer 23

parent- reduced patience and motivation
partner- conflict, reduced intimacy
employee- lower performance, unemployment
friend- withdrawal, isolation

Question 24

examples of mental health impact on life satisfaction and wellbeing

Answer 24

fear of crime
concerns for personal safety
happiness

Question 25

examples of mental health impact on social-material conditions

Answer 25

direct effects on health and legal costs in the case of physical injury indirect effects on employers due to employee attrition, low productivity, general costs to the system

Question 26

Prevalence of depression in victims is greater in:

Answer 26

females older victims

Question 27

what percentage of Norweign victims met the criteria for anxiety and depression

Answer 27

44%

Question 28

what percentage of American victims of sexual violence had been diagnosed with depression

Answer 28

18.82%

Question 29

what percentage of American victims of sexual violence had been diagnosed with anxiety disorder

Answer 29

8.37%

Question 30

what percentage of American victims of sexual violence had been diagnosed with both depression and anxiety

Answer 30

28.28%

Question 31

what symptoms did victims of sexual violence experience with their mental health

Answer 31

significantly more days with poor concentration sleep difficulties poor appetite little interest of pleasure in activities blaming themselves having little enegery

Question 32

what are the symptoms of PTSD

Answer 32

intrusive thoughts and memories of past crimes efforts to avoid thinking about it trouble sleeping difficulty concentrating, hypervigilance, irritability negative alterations in cognitions and mood eg. poor self esteem

Question 33

what percentage of Norweign victims of physical violence scored probable in PTSD

Answer 33

33%

Question 34

what percentage of American victims of physical crimes met the criteria for PTSD 6 months post crime

Answer 34

20.3%

Question 35

what victims have worse PTSD symptoms

Answer 35

victims who perceive the crime as beyond their control

Question 36

when did victims have less PTSD symptoms

Answer 36

when the victims felt they had an element of control

Question 37

what is related to PTSD

Answer 37

fear withdrawal avoidance

Question 38

what does experiencing crime increase the risk of

Answer 38

being victimised again in the future

Question 39

when does most repeat burglary victimisation occur

Answer 39

within 1-2 months of the first victimisation

Question 40

what leads to social withdrawal for victimisation/PTSD

Answer 40

avoidance of reminders of crime such as places, people, environments, situations

Question 41

why do people get robbed again so soon after the original crime

Answer 41

because they know you had to replace the items

Question 42

what are some benefits for victim interaction with the criminal justice system

Answer 42

empowerment closure satisfaction (varies) acknowledgement validation

Question 43

how can victim interaction with the criminal justice system be re-traumatising

Answer 43

reliving events encountering offender cross-examination

Question 44

why might people be reluctant to report crimes

Answer 44

misunderstanding of court procedures shame esp sexual and violent crimes fear of retribution by offender fear of further violence or harm fear of losing children mistrust in cjs lack of culturally sensitive victim support lack of anonymity or confidentiality

Question 45

what are some system related barriers that result in non-reporting of crimes

Answer 45

police would not or could not do anything police didn't think it was serious enough fear of not being believed by the police lack of evidence/proof did not know how to report

Question 46

who accounts for a disproportionate number of victims

Answer 46

minority groups

Question 47

what do minority groups experience

Answer 47

victimisation on a number of levels other forms of disadvantage and social exclusion

Question 48

where does minority victimisation derive from

Answer 48

their identity marginal status structural powerlessness

Question 49

what percentage of minority victims reported the crime

Answer 49

15-20%

Question 50

why are victims reluctant to report crimes

Answer 50

victims anticipate lack of concern fear secondary victimisation fear hostility, further abuse or inaction

Question 51

what are victimised minority groups not adequately accounted for in

Answer 51

official stats or victime surveys

Question 52

what are the 5 distinct types of harm associated with crime related to culture, ethnicity and race

Answer 52

harm to the initial victim harm to the victims group harm to the victims wider group harm to other targeted communities harm to societal norms and values

Question 53

how often do indigenous australians experience violence

Answer 53

2-5x more than non-indigenous

Question 54

what percentage of violence against indigenous women are not disclosed

Answer 54

90%

Question 55

what is selective policing

Answer 55

law enforcement officers taking less seriously the victimisation of indigenous persons not fitting stereotypical image of female victims

Question 56

what types of criminal victimisation are people with disabilities likely to experience

Answer 56

physical/personal property sexual

Question 57

why is the prevalence of disabled people victimisation likely to be underestimated

Answer 57

impaired judgement from intellectual disabilities deficits in adaptive behaviour accompanying physical disabilities, including limited speech high-risk environments their frequent contact with unscrupulous care-givers, friends and family lack of knowledge about their rights the attraction of some abusers to environments in which they will encounter vulnerable victims

Question 58

what does intellectual impairment alone not predict

Answer 58

vulnerability to criminal behaviour

Question 59

when are people with disabilities more at risk

Answer 59

3x higher when they live alone or with other disabled people

Question 60

how is crimes against disabled people usually reported

Answer 60

by others

Question 61

why are disabled children more vulnerable to victimisation

Answer 61

because of dependence on caregivers

Question 62

why are children with disabilities less likely to report

Answer 62

language, cognitive ability, lack of contact with others, social isolation

Question 63

what are some risk factors for children with disabilties

Answer 63

child maltreatment harsh parenting witnessing interparental violence alcohol and drug use violent delinquency frequent internet use

Question 64

what are children with disabilities more likely to experience

Answer 64

child abuse and sexual abuse from care givers or parents

Question 65

what percentage of physically disabled girls have experienced contact sexual violence

Answer 65

25.95%

Question 66

how does the number of physically disabled girls experiencing contact sexual violence compare to able bodied girls

Answer 66

1.29 times more likely

Question 67

what percentage of physically disabled boys have experienced contact sexual violence

Answer 67

18.50%

Question 68

how does the number of physically disabled boys experiencing contact sexual violence compare to able-bodied boys

Answer 68

2.78 times more likely

Question 69

what is the lifetime prevalence of non-contact sexual violence for girls with physical liabilities

Answer 69

48.11%

Question 70

what is the lifetime prevalence of non-contact sexual violence for boys with physical liabilities

Answer 70

31.76%

Question 71

how does the number of physically disabled boys experiencing noncontact sexual violence compare to able-bodied boys

Answer 71

1.95 times more likely

Question 72

how does the number of physically disabled boys experiencing contact sexual violence compare to able-bodied girls

Answer 72

1.44 times more likely

Question 73

what gender is physical disability a significant predictor of both contact and noncontact sexual violence

Answer 73

boys not girls

Question 74

example of noncontact sexual violence/victimisation

Answer 74

grooming showing porn

Question 75

impacts of victimisation to children

Answer 75

emotional and behavioural disturbances sexualised behaviour attachment relationship dysfunction learning and schooling difficulties difficulties with friendships intergenerational trauma