week 2 Flashcards
what is forensic psychology
a field of psychology that deals with all aspects of human behaviour as it relates to law or the legal system
what did william stern discover
that recall is inhibited by emotional arousal
what did schrenck-Notzing study
the effect of publicity on memory
what did schrenck-notzing discover
(retroactive memory falsification)
eg. actual memories can be confused with media reports
what did munsterberg discover
false confessions
including persuaded/internalised, coerced compliant, voluntary false confessions
what are the 2 major branches in FP
clinical (psych in the law)
experimental (psych and the law)
what do clinical FP look at
criminally responsibility
what does experimental fp look at
operation of the legal system eg. are eyewitnesses accurate
what are clinical fp concerned with
assessing/measuring/treating mental health issues as they pertain to law and legal issues
what may clinical fp also aid in
mediate divorces/custody; provide expert testimony; undertake critical incident debriefing; facilitate treatment programs; personal selection
what are experimental FP concerned with
researching mental health issues as they pertain to law; study human behaviour in relation to the law/legal system
phases of FP
investigation phase
court phase
dealing (responding) to crime (reaction phase)
investigation phase
dealing with unknown offender
help investigators examine evidence from crime scenes and victim and witness reports to develop an offender description
ways FP help in investigation phase
profiling (case linkage, motives, staging, personality profiles, threat assessment)
information from witnesses/victims (identification of offenders, veracity of testimony, issues of memory, deception)
suspects (false confessions, deception detection)
staff or investigators (interrogation techniques, tunnel vision, confirmation bias, interrogation/interview)
court phase
dealing with a known suspect
expert testimony
court appointed (family law mediation/assessments)
consultant to advocates (jury selection, jury perception, courtroom procedures/processes)
what can clinical fp do during the court phase
competence
responsibility
intent
aggravation/mitigation
what can experimental fp do during the court phase
withness IDs
false confessions
investigative issues
dealing with crime (reaction/response) phase
dealing with a known offender for a known crime, or future unknown crimes
what can fp offer during reaction/response phase
different kinds of assistance in different context such as:
offenders in custody (risk assessment, treatment (rehab) management)
crime prevention for various stakeholders (local governments, insurance companies)
example roles of experimental fp
effect of violent media on mentally unstable
mental illness and efficacy of firearm legislation
medication for treatment of mental illness
use of tools for ongoing risk assessment
example roles of clinical fp
threat assessment
assessment of responsibility (insanity) and competence, mitigation, malingering (lying)
ongoing clinical assessment in hospital/prison
assessment of motive, intent, and risk
ongoing risk assessment after release
what are the 7 ways psychology and the law differ from eachother
epistemology
nature of law
knowledge
methodology
criterion
principles
latitude of the courtroom behaviour
how does psychology and law differ for epistemology
psychologists assume that its possible to uncover hidden truth if the appropriate experiments are conducted
truth in the law is based on who can provide the most convincing story of what really happened that is consistent with the law
how does psychology and law differ for nature of law
psychology studies how and why people behave the way they do
law tells people how they should behave and punishes them for not doing
how does psychology and law differ for knowledge
psychology knowledge is empirical
laws comes from court cases and is idiographic
how does psychology and law differ for methodology
psychology is nomothetic and experimental
law is case by case basis focus on narratives
how does psychology and law differ for criterion
psychology is cautious to accept something as true
law guilt is determined using criteria established in that case
how does psychology and law differ for principles
psychology takes an exploratory approach
law takes a conservative approach
how does psychology and law differ for latitude of courtroom behaviour
the behaviour of psychologists is limited by the court
the law imposes fewer restrictions on the behaviours of lawyers
