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PYB215 forensic psych > week 10: offenders > Flashcards

week 10: offenders Flashcards

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1
Q

why is forensic psychologists different to clinical psychologists

A

because the seeking of help is mandated

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2
Q

what is rehabilitation

A

is a model that emphasises the provision of treatment programs designed to reform the offender

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3
Q

what type of system does rehab belong to

A

the modern penal system, circa 19th century

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4
Q

what type of system was rehab part of in the past

A

the classical penal system

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5
Q

what was the classical penal system informed by

A

enlightenment

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6
Q

what is meant by enlightenment in the classical penal system

A

focused on the dignity and worth of the individual

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7
Q

what is the classical model view of free will

A

free will enables human beings to purposely choose to follow a calculated course of action

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8
Q

what is the classical penal view of crime

A

crime is attractive and is controlled through the fear of punishment

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9
Q

what is the classical penal system model view of punishment

A

punishment is to be applied equally to all offenders
punishment works best when perceived to be: severe, certain, swift

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10
Q

what happens when we increase the punishment

A

we increase the severity of the crime

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11
Q

why does the increase in punishment increase severity of crime

A

because if the punishment is the same you may aswell do the worst thing that potentially has higher reward

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12
Q

what is the ideology of the classical model

A

utilitarian

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13
Q

what is the classical models view of criminals

A

criminals are essentially the same as non-criminals. they commit crimes after calculating costs and benefits

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14
Q

when did rehabilitation and the modern penal system emerge

A

with the growth of new scientific disciplines like psychiatry, psychology and psychotherapy

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15
Q

how is human behaviour viewed based on the modern system

A

human behaviour is determined and not a matter of free will

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16
Q

are criminals the same as non-criminals in the modern penal system

A

criminals are fundamentally different

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17
Q

what is crime caused by in the modern approach

A

crime is frequently caused by a multiple factors such as:
psychology
biological
social
that constrain our rationality

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18
Q

what does the modern system focus on

A

offenders rather than systems

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19
Q

how is punishment applied in the modern model

A

to be applied differently to different offenders

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20
Q

what are programs designed for in the modern approach

A

programs designed to address individual differences of offenders

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21
Q

based on modern penal system, criminal behaviour may be:

A

pre-determined

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22
Q

how pre-determined is criminal behaviour based on the modern penal system

A

soft determinism

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23
Q

what is soft determinism

A

represents a middle ground, people do have a choice, but that choice is constrained by external or internal factors

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24
Q

what does contemporary rehab emphasise

A

personal responsibility for offending and rehabilitation

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25
Q

what does contemporary rehabilitation often involve

A

restorative justice
therapeutic jurisprudence
specialist courts

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26
Q

what is restorative justice

A

a process whereby all the parties with a stake in a particular offence come together to resolve collectively how to deal with the aftermath of the offence and its implications for the future

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27
Q

what does restorative justice focus on

A

the needs of the victims of crime

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28
Q

how does restorative justice focus on the needs of the victims of the crime

A

holds offenders accountable and responsible for the harm they have caused
offenders have to acknowledge their wrongdoing and repair harm to victims

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29
Q

types of models in restorative justice

A

circle sentencing
victim/offender mediation
family group conferencing
community reparation boards

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30
Q

when is circle sentencing used

A

in Indigenous cases

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31
Q

what does circle sentencing do differently

A

they have a high power Indigenous elder instead of a judge

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32
Q

what does circle sentencing focus on

A

the behaviour rather than the person

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33
Q

what is the victim/offender mediation

A

victims, offender and facilitator get together and talk it out. Apology involved and the victims have a say in the outcomes

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34
Q

what is family group conferencing

A

the family of the offender can sit down together and come up with solutions

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35
Q

what are community reparation boards

A

a group of community members come together to decide outcomes rather than family and victims

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36
Q

where is restorative justice seeing alot of success

A

juvenile justice

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37
Q

what is therapeutic jurisprudence

A

concerned with the human, emotional, and psychological ramifications of the law and legal processes, and on those that encounter its institutions

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38
Q

what does therapeutic jurisprudence focus on

A

therapeutic interventions to start to rehabilitate an offender during the court process

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39
Q

what can therapeutic jurisprudence also be referred as

A

collaborative justice

40
Q

what does therapeutic jurisprudence recognise

A

that the law and legal processes can have positive or negative effects on participants, including offenders

41
Q

what does therapeutic jurisprudence look at

A

looks at how the courts work, sentencing process, sentences, speciality courts, etc

42
Q

what does therapeutic jurisprudence promote

A

an interdisciplinary approach for understanding legal issues through psychological analysis

43
Q

what does therapeutic jurisprudence call for

A

researchers, mental health workers, lawyers and judges to apply techniques drawn from psychology and social work

44
Q

why does therapeutic jurisprudence draw from psychology and social work

A

to motivate offenders to accept rehabilitation and treatment, and to pursue it successfully

45
Q

what does therapeutic jurisprudence acknowledge

A

that court procedures can often make things worse for offenders mental health and ability to seek rehabilitation

46
Q

what might therapeutic jurisprudence result in

A

specialty courts

47
Q

types of specialty courts in QLD

A

drug courts
mental health courts
Indigenous courts
family violence court

48
Q

why were specialty courts established

A

to address:
drug dependency in offenders
mental health problems and offending
Indigenous over-representation
family and domestic violence

49
Q

what are the 3 roles specialty courts can serve

A

1 of the 3 roles:
court as case manager
alternative diversionary operators and case monitors
specialist adjudicator for sentencing

50
Q

key models to offender rehabilitation

A

the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model
the good lives model (GLM)

51
Q

what type of model is the risk need responsivity (RNR)

A

psychological (offender deficit) model

52
Q

what type of model is the good lives model (GLM)

A

psychosocial (desistence) model

53
Q

what is the risk need responsivity model based on

A

a correctional intervention model based on the factors of risk, need, and responsivity

54
Q

what is the risk principle in RNR

A

match level of program intensity to offender risk level

55
Q

what does the question: ‘how likely is a person to engage in criminal behaviour?’ tell us

A

tells us who to target for what types of treatment

56
Q

what does the risk principle in RNR help

A

helps organise the treatment of offenders according to the level of risk they pose to society

57
Q

what do high risk offenders need

A

more treatment and supervision to decrease their likelihood of recidivism

58
Q

what do low risk offenders need

A

less treatment and supervision to decrease their likelihood of recidivism

59
Q

what is the need principle in rnr

A

assesses criminogenic needs and target them in treatment

60
Q

what are criminogenic needs

A

dynamic risk factors

61
Q

what do criminogenic needs contribute to

A

the likelihood that someone will commit a crime

62
Q

what does need principle in RNR look at

A

areas in a persons life should be targeted for intervention/supervision in order to decrease their likelihood of future criminal behaviour

63
Q

what else can also be assessed in need principle RNR

A

non-criminogenic needs

64
Q

why is the RNR a deficit model

A

we are looking at what is missing and what is wrong

65
Q

what are criminogenic needs

A

pro-criminal attitudes
criminal associates
substance abuse
antisocial personality
problem-solving skills
hostility/anger

66
Q

what are non-criminogenic needs

A

self-esteem
anxiety
feelings of alienation
psychological discomfort
group cohesion
neighbourhood improvement

67
Q

what is the responsivity principle in RNR

A

maximise the offenders ability to learn from a rehabilitative intervention

68
Q

what does responsivity principle look at

A

what personal strengths and/or characteristics of offenders (motivation, learning style, ethnic identity) might influence the effectiveness of treatment services

69
Q

what type of responsivity is assessed in RNR

A

general and specific

70
Q

what does general responsivity use

A

social learning methods to influence behaviour

71
Q

what does specific responsivity modify

A

strategies in accordance with the strengths, motivations, readiness to change, personality, mental status, learning ability, learning style, circumstances and demographics of individual cases

72
Q

what individual factors that might influence the effectiveness of treatment services

A

anxiety
ADHD
motivation level
gender
reading level
ESL
language

73
Q

what are some weaknesses for RNR

A

difficulty in motivating offenders
short stays in corrections
deficit-oriented approach
negative (or avoidant) treatment goals

74
Q

what might RNR not recognise

A

the role of:
personal agency/identity
non-criminogenic needs
context in rehabilitation

75
Q

why is it difficult motivating offenders in RNR

A

offenders want to know how they can lead a better life, and what the positive rewards in desisting form crime are not necessarily what is wrong with them

76
Q

what do alternative models to RNR usually involve

A

desistance theories

77
Q

example of desistance theories

A

good lives model

78
Q

what does desistance theories incorporate

A

strength-based approaches

79
Q

desitance theories is oriented towards

A

reducing reoffending from a more positive recognition of offender strengths and personal capital

80
Q

what does the good lives model go beyond

A

tackling risk factors, towards a holistic reconstruction of the self

81
Q

what does good lives model focus on

A

discovering agency (personal responsibility)

82
Q

how many goals are there for good lives model

A

9 basic human goals

83
Q

good lives model works on strengthening:

A

life
knowledge
excellence in work and play
excellence in agency
inner peace
relatedness
spirituality
happiness
creativity

84
Q

what is the key argument for the good lives model

A

human behaviour is directed toward goal of achieving fundamental needs or ‘primary human goods’

85
Q

GLM believes difficulties in achieving primary goods in socially appropriate ways will:

A

possibly lead to antisocial or offending behaviour

86
Q

what is the goal of GLM treatment

A

to recognise individual agency and build capacity/opportunity to meet primary goods in socially appropriate ways

87
Q

what does GLM require

A

requires a strong ‘therapeutic alliance’ non-confrontational, motivational and collaborative approach

88
Q

weaknesses for good live model

A

the concept of desistance is not well defined
the desistance approach focuses on developmental process rather than intervention effectiveness/outcome
lack of evidence
diversity in the view of the good life

89
Q

what do FP focus on with sex offenders

A

risk factors mainly

90
Q

what do sex offender programs address

A

denial, minimisations and cognitive distortions
empathy for victims
social skills
substance abuse
deviant sexual interests
relapse prevention
reintegration into the community

91
Q

what do experimental FP research for sex offenders

A

future risk of sex offenders
treatment needs
treatment evaluation

92
Q

what do clinical FP do with sex offenders

A

carry out treatment inside correctional facilities, in the community and in mental health facilities

93
Q

what do experimental FP research in homicide treatment

A

types of homicide
future risk
treatment needs

94
Q

what do clinical FP do in homicide treatment

A

carry out treatment (for some) inside correctional facilities, in the community and in mental health facilities

95
Q

treatment for violence commonly addresses:

A

anger and emotion management
self-regulation/control
problem solving
interpersonal skills
social attitudes

PYB215 forensic psych (10 decks)

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