Week 4 Flashcards
_____________ there are 50 species in the nootropics. This is the bearded manakin genus.
golden collared manakin
Golden color manakins are __________ meaning that males mate with more than one female while females only mate with one male. Females do the nesting and parental care
polygynous
what s the seasonal cycle of a golden manikin
Dry season: communities are established
Wet season: breeding begins and courtship starts
Very wet season: breeding weekend and males disperse
male courtship displays are composed of
sounds, jumps, snaps
Is there a significant variation in courtship of each male
YES a very significant variation
Females choose males based on the adaptations that enable
speed, strength, stamina and agilit
___________ is naturally activated by testosterone largely by the actions of androgens on androgen receptors
courtship
This can be shown by giving testosterone. This result in a significant increase in the number of ___________
courtship rituals
__________ result in a significant decrease in wing snoops and decrease in courtship rituals (roll snaps)
AR receptor agonists
what muscle adaptations do golden collared manikins have
large back muscles
___________are expressed as high levels in manakin skeletal muscle. Females and juvenile males also AR express consecutively. (Spinal motor and sensory motor neurons)
Androgen receptors
after being given testosterone the juvenile males can ______________ but females _____________
can perform courtship ritual
do not really perform ritual
__________ of bird is altered by testosterone. More aggressive behavior is seen in females and juvenile males with testosterone
aggressive behavior of bird
Only the testosterone makes showed_____________
court clearing behavior
AR are expressed abundantly in the manakin brain, especially in
pre-motor circuits originating in the arcopallium, midbrain and cerebellum;
what does Functional variation in muscular AR expression across species ,mean
more Andorgen receptors more complicated mating dance
Leaf removal:
how large of an object can the bird remove from area
males can move objects from court 30% larger than their body weight very large objects are dragged off, males quickly remove leaves
There is some overlap in the presence of some anatomical systems that support acrobatic courtship but __________ activates courtship and allied behaviors in a sexually dimorphic manner.
testosterone
•Females have exceptional visual processing
(and discrimination) capabilities because of
estrogen receptors. Females select for the males with best mating dance
•Males exhibit exceptional strength and neuromuscular coordination.
It is our contention that females choose males for these attributes.
Why do songbirds sing?
- Attract females
- Alert other males
- defend/define a territory
- a signal to identify male “quality”
- stimulate females to copulate
- other?
Birdsong learning homologous with _______
human language learning
__________ crucial for sensory and sensori motor experiences
Critical periods
Androgens seem to promote songbird song _________
crystallization
____________is a period of “crystallization” in humans
Puberty
How is song or sound produced
for sound and song to be produced muscles are attached to a membrane which causes the membrane to vibrate and produce sound
What are the neural areas of song: The sensory areas of song are
NCM and FIELD L
What are the motor areas of song
HVC, RA, Nxllts (tracheosyringeal syrinx)
What are the learning areas of song
nMan, IMAN, area X
What sex sings in zebra finches? IS it hormone related
Adult males sing.
Adult females do not sing even if treated with T!
What is the sexually dimorphic region of a song bird brain and which sex is it larger
HVC is much larger in males
RA is much larger in males
__________:
males on left side of body and a female on the right side of the body. Perfectly asymmetrically sexually. One ovary and one bestie.
gonandromorphs
DO Gonandromorphs sing
Yes they sing and copulate like a male
Do gynandromorphs have different effects in the brain
Yes the right and left side of the brain are different
- ASW gene is only expressed on the left
- Z gne is expressed more heavily on the right side
___________ show full hormones and are required for full masculinization
gynadomorphs
__________ controls song behavior
testosterone
)__________ is higher during mating season which results in a significant brain structure changes
testosterone
Even after ____________ of testosterone there is a significant loss in testosterone
12 hour loss
T in the ________________)
stimulates canary
song behavior
Per= Peripheral
POM= medial
pre-optic nucleus)
___________ is present in high levels in the song bird brain in order to facilitate song recognition
aromatase
Aromatase is located in the ____________
NCM
Aromatase inhibition prevents ___________ because estrogen strengthens ___________
song discrimination
auditory processing leading to song discrimination
