Week 4

Question 1

_____________ there are 50 species in the nootropics. This is the bearded manakin genus.

Answer 1

golden collared manakin

Question 2

Golden color manakins are __________ meaning that males mate with more than one female while females only mate with one male. Females do the nesting and parental care

Answer 2

polygynous

Question 3

what s the seasonal cycle of a golden manikin

Answer 3

Dry season: communities are established
Wet season: breeding begins and courtship starts
Very wet season: breeding weekend and males disperse

Question 4

male courtship displays are composed of

Answer 4

sounds, jumps, snaps

Question 5

Is there a significant variation in courtship of each male

Answer 5

YES a very significant variation

Question 6

Females choose males based on the adaptations that enable

Answer 6

speed, strength, stamina and agilit

Question 7

___________ is naturally activated by testosterone largely by the actions of androgens on androgen receptors

Answer 7

courtship

Question 8

This can be shown by giving testosterone. This result in a significant increase in the number of ___________

Answer 8

courtship rituals

Question 9

__________ result in a significant decrease in wing snoops and decrease in courtship rituals (roll snaps)

Answer 9

AR receptor agonists

Question 10

what muscle adaptations do golden collared manikins have

Answer 10

large back muscles

Question 11

___________are expressed as high levels in manakin skeletal muscle. Females and juvenile males also AR express consecutively. (Spinal motor and sensory motor neurons)

Answer 11

Androgen receptors

Question 12

after being given testosterone the juvenile males can ______________ but females _____________

Answer 12

can perform courtship ritual

do not really perform ritual

Question 13

__________ of bird is altered by testosterone. More aggressive behavior is seen in females and juvenile males with testosterone

Answer 13

aggressive behavior of bird

Question 14

Only the testosterone makes showed_____________

Answer 14

court clearing behavior

Question 15

AR are expressed abundantly in the manakin brain, especially in

Answer 15

pre-motor circuits originating in the arcopallium, midbrain and cerebellum;

Question 16

what does Functional variation in muscular AR expression across species ,mean

Answer 16

more Andorgen receptors more complicated mating dance

Question 17

Leaf removal:

how large of an object can the bird remove from area

Answer 17

males can move objects from court 30% larger than their body weight very large objects are dragged off, males quickly remove leaves

Question 18

There is some overlap in the presence of some anatomical systems that support acrobatic courtship but __________ activates courtship and allied behaviors in a sexually dimorphic manner.

Answer 18

testosterone

Question 19

•Females have exceptional visual processing

(and discrimination) capabilities because of

Answer 19

estrogen receptors. Females select for the males with best mating dance

Question 20

•Males exhibit exceptional strength and neuromuscular coordination.

Answer 20

It is our contention that females choose males for these attributes.

Question 21

Why do songbirds sing?

Answer 21

• Attract females
• Alert other males
• defend/define a territory
• a signal to identify male “quality”
• stimulate females to copulate
• other?

Question 22

Birdsong learning homologous with _______

Answer 22

human language learning

Question 23

__________ crucial for sensory and sensori motor experiences

Answer 23

Critical periods

Question 24

Androgens seem to promote songbird song _________

Answer 24

crystallization

Question 25

____________is a period of “crystallization” in humans

Answer 25

Puberty

Question 26

How is song or sound produced

Answer 26

for sound and song to be produced muscles are attached to a membrane which causes the membrane to vibrate and produce sound

Question 27

What are the neural areas of song: The sensory areas of song are

Answer 27

NCM and FIELD L

Question 28

What are the motor areas of song

Answer 28

HVC, RA, Nxllts (tracheosyringeal syrinx)

Question 29

What are the learning areas of song

Answer 29

nMan, IMAN, area X

Question 30

What sex sings in zebra finches? IS it hormone related

Answer 30

Adult males sing.

Adult females do not sing even if treated with T!

Question 31

What is the sexually dimorphic region of a song bird brain and which sex is it larger

Answer 31

HVC is much larger in males

RA is much larger in males

Question 32

__________:
males on left side of body and a female on the right side of the body. Perfectly asymmetrically sexually. One ovary and one bestie.

Answer 32

gonandromorphs

Question 33

DO Gonandromorphs sing

Answer 33

Yes they sing and copulate like a male

Question 34

Do gynandromorphs have different effects in the brain

Answer 34

Yes the right and left side of the brain are different

• ASW gene is only expressed on the left
• Z gne is expressed more heavily on the right side

Question 35

___________ show full hormones and are required for full masculinization

Answer 35

gynadomorphs

Question 36

__________ controls song behavior

Answer 36

testosterone

Question 37

)__________ is higher during mating season which results in a significant brain structure changes

Answer 37

testosterone

Question 38

Even after ____________ of testosterone there is a significant loss in testosterone

Answer 38

12 hour loss

Question 39

T in the ________________)
stimulates canary
song behavior

Answer 39

Per= Peripheral
POM= medial
pre-optic nucleus)

Question 40

___________ is present in high levels in the song bird brain in order to facilitate song recognition

Answer 40

aromatase

Question 41

Aromatase is located in the ____________

Answer 41

NCM

Question 42

Aromatase inhibition prevents ___________ because estrogen strengthens ___________

Answer 42

song discrimination

auditory processing leading to song discrimination