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Physci 140 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

_________ have been studied for centuries. Aristotle was the first to write about them by castrating birds

A

sex differences

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2
Q

Describe the three groups in the Arnold adolph experiment

A

Group 1: Castration: no comb or wattle, no interest in hens, no aggression
Group 2: castration and implant: normal combs and wattles normal behavior
Group 3: normal development. normal combs and wattles normal behavior

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3
Q

What did Arnold adolphs experiment show

A

Indicates that many sex linked traits are gonad linked

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4
Q

__________ organic chemical messengers produced and released by endocrine glands. Are released into the blood stream, act on receptors on target tissue, used to regulate, integrate, and control bodily function

A

hormones

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5
Q

________________ is a hormonal output. Coordinated muscular movement,

A

behavior

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6
Q

The first ________ was isolated in 1920-1930

The field of _________________ was formed in 1948

A

hormone

endocrinology

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7
Q

What did beaches experiment show

A
  • lesions in mice brains
  • changes in maternal behavior
  • changes in mating behavior in males
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8
Q

hormone behavior interactions: in a hormonally dependent behavior, what happens if the hormone is blo0cked

A

the behavior should diappeea

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9
Q

after the hormone is reinstated what happens

A

the behavior should also resume

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10
Q

How we analyze hormones:

A

mechanistic: immediate causation
ontogenetic: development
phylogenetic: evolution
adaptive function

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11
Q

reproductive states are well studied examples for hormonal effects on drive

A
  • strong because of a desire to reproduce

- motivational changes over time

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12
Q

____________ ducts that secrete hormones and other products directly into the blood

A

exocrine

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13
Q

_____________________ glands that secrete hormones and other products directly into the blood

A

endocrine

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14
Q

____________ are amino acid derivatives

A

amines

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15
Q

___________ gnRH and oxytocin

A

small peptides

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16
Q

_______________ ex prolactin

A

proteins

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17
Q

____________ cyclic hydrocarbon derivatives

A

steroid hormones

18
Q

__________ are synthesized from cholesterol. Synthesis is coupled to a release. Membrane soluble thus can not be stored

A

steroids

19
Q

give pathway from cholesterol to estrogen

A

cholesterol -> progestin -> androgens _> estrogens

20
Q

where is cholesterol located in the cell

A

cholesterol files between phospholipids in the membrane

21
Q

first enzyme catalyzed step in sex steroid synthesis by the ___________________________

A

mitochondrial side chain cleavage enzyme

22
Q

_______________ catalyzes the conversion of androgens into estrogens

A

aromatase

23
Q

_________________ converts delta 5 steroids to delta 4 steroids. Virtually all biologically active sex steroids are delta 4 steroids

A

3 B hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/ isomerase

24
Q

neuro signalling:

____________ neuron to neuron/ muscle. Very short to long distance

A

neurotransmission

25
Q

neuro signalling:

___________ is neuron to neuron. very short to medium distances

A

neuromodulation

26
Q

neuro signalling:

__________________: neuron to vascular system. medium to long distances.

A

neurosecretion

27
Q

neuro signalling:

____________ intracellular and extracellular info. Very short distances

A

autocrine

28
Q

neuro signalling:

______________ cell to intracellular space to cell. very short distances

A

paracrine

29
Q

_________ cel to vascular system to cell. long distances

A

endocrine

30
Q

changes in hormonal signal are normal

A

thought life, seasonally, lunarly, daily, and momentarily

31
Q

___________ bind to hormones, transduce extracellular to intracellular info. activates various cellular responses, functions across multiple temporal and spatial domains (fast or slow)

A

receptor

32
Q

______________ are bound to the outer membrane, generally bind to hydrophobic hormones, rely on second messengers, mediate short term organ effects, rapid action

A

membrane bound receptors

33
Q

——————– receptors that are cytoplasmic. Generally bind lipophilic hormones. generally act slowly by altering cell processes. Does not relay on second messenger system, often mediates long term major cellular/ organ effect

A

intracellular receptor

34
Q

______________ is a receptor for norepinephrine and epinephrine

A

adrenaline

35
Q

_________________ cortisol and corticosterone

A

glucocorticoids

36
Q

what happens in the fight or flight

A

adrenaline added, Ca ++ channel extracellular Ca++ entry, Intracellular Ca ++ release,

37
Q

_____ adrenaline signaling, increased CA++ release in vascular smooth muscle

A

alpha 1 receptors

38
Q

__________ adrenaline signaling. increased camp and increase

A

Beta 1 receptors

39
Q

Steroid transcription:

A
  1. steroid leaving a plasma binding protein
  2. diffusing acros the membrane
  3. binding a receptor
  4. receptors dimerize and interact with coactivators
40
Q

selective estrogen receptor modulators. Estrogen can act on specific tissue i.e. breast cancer treatment. Some steroids act via __________

A

membrane receptors

41
Q

_____________ was discovered in the adrenals

A

allopregninalone

42
Q

progesterone -> 3 alpha hydroxyls -> 5 alpha reductase -> allopregnanlone

A

pathway of allopregninaloen

Physci 140 (9 decks)

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