Week 1

Question 1

_________ have been studied for centuries. Aristotle was the first to write about them by castrating birds

Answer 1

sex differences

Question 2

Describe the three groups in the Arnold adolph experiment

Answer 2

Group 1: Castration: no comb or wattle, no interest in hens, no aggression
Group 2: castration and implant: normal combs and wattles normal behavior
Group 3: normal development. normal combs and wattles normal behavior

Question 3

What did Arnold adolphs experiment show

Answer 3

Indicates that many sex linked traits are gonad linked

Question 4

__________ organic chemical messengers produced and released by endocrine glands. Are released into the blood stream, act on receptors on target tissue, used to regulate, integrate, and control bodily function

Answer 4

hormones

Question 5

________________ is a hormonal output. Coordinated muscular movement,

Answer 5

behavior

Question 6

The first ________ was isolated in 1920-1930

The field of _________________ was formed in 1948

Answer 6

hormone

endocrinology

Question 7

What did beaches experiment show

Answer 7

• lesions in mice brains
• changes in maternal behavior
• changes in mating behavior in males

Question 8

hormone behavior interactions: in a hormonally dependent behavior, what happens if the hormone is blo0cked

Answer 8

the behavior should diappeea

Question 9

after the hormone is reinstated what happens

Answer 9

the behavior should also resume

Question 10

How we analyze hormones:

Answer 10

mechanistic: immediate causation
ontogenetic: development
phylogenetic: evolution
adaptive function

Question 11

reproductive states are well studied examples for hormonal effects on drive

Answer 11

• strong because of a desire to reproduce

- motivational changes over time

Question 12

____________ ducts that secrete hormones and other products directly into the blood

Answer 12

exocrine

Question 13

_____________________ glands that secrete hormones and other products directly into the blood

Answer 13

endocrine

Question 14

____________ are amino acid derivatives

Answer 14

amines

Question 15

___________ gnRH and oxytocin

Answer 15

small peptides

Question 16

_______________ ex prolactin

Answer 16

proteins

Question 17

____________ cyclic hydrocarbon derivatives

Answer 17

steroid hormones

Question 18

__________ are synthesized from cholesterol. Synthesis is coupled to a release. Membrane soluble thus can not be stored

Answer 18

steroids

Question 19

give pathway from cholesterol to estrogen

Answer 19

cholesterol -> progestin -> androgens _> estrogens

Question 20

where is cholesterol located in the cell

Answer 20

cholesterol files between phospholipids in the membrane

Question 21

first enzyme catalyzed step in sex steroid synthesis by the ___________________________

Answer 21

mitochondrial side chain cleavage enzyme

Question 22

_______________ catalyzes the conversion of androgens into estrogens

Answer 22

aromatase

Question 23

_________________ converts delta 5 steroids to delta 4 steroids. Virtually all biologically active sex steroids are delta 4 steroids

Answer 23

3 B hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/ isomerase

Question 24

neuro signalling:

____________ neuron to neuron/ muscle. Very short to long distance

Answer 24

neurotransmission

Question 25

neuro signalling: | ___________ is neuron to neuron. very short to medium distances

Answer 25

neuromodulation

Question 26

neuro signalling: | __________________: neuron to vascular system. medium to long distances.

Answer 26

neurosecretion

Question 27

neuro signalling: | ____________ intracellular and extracellular info. Very short distances

Answer 27

autocrine

Question 28

neuro signalling: | ______________ cell to intracellular space to cell. very short distances

Answer 28

paracrine

Question 29

_________ cel to vascular system to cell. long distances

Answer 29

endocrine

Question 30

changes in hormonal signal are normal

Answer 30

thought life, seasonally, lunarly, daily, and momentarily

Question 31

___________ bind to hormones, transduce extracellular to intracellular info. activates various cellular responses, functions across multiple temporal and spatial domains (fast or slow)

Answer 31

receptor

Question 32

______________ are bound to the outer membrane, generally bind to hydrophobic hormones, rely on second messengers, mediate short term organ effects, rapid action

Answer 32

membrane bound receptors

Question 33

-------------------- receptors that are cytoplasmic. Generally bind lipophilic hormones. generally act slowly by altering cell processes. Does not relay on second messenger system, often mediates long term major cellular/ organ effect

Answer 33

intracellular receptor

Question 34

______________ is a receptor for norepinephrine and epinephrine

Answer 34

adrenaline

Question 35

_________________ cortisol and corticosterone

Answer 35

glucocorticoids

Question 36

what happens in the fight or flight

Answer 36

adrenaline added, Ca ++ channel extracellular Ca++ entry, Intracellular Ca ++ release,

Question 37

_____ adrenaline signaling, increased CA++ release in vascular smooth muscle

Answer 37

alpha 1 receptors

Question 38

__________ adrenaline signaling. increased camp and increase

Answer 38

Beta 1 receptors

Question 39

Steroid transcription:

Answer 39

1. steroid leaving a plasma binding protein 2. diffusing acros the membrane 3. binding a receptor 4. receptors dimerize and interact with coactivators

Question 40

selective estrogen receptor modulators. Estrogen can act on specific tissue i.e. breast cancer treatment. Some steroids act via __________

Answer 40

membrane receptors

Question 41

_____________ was discovered in the adrenals

Answer 41

allopregninalone

Question 42

progesterone -> 3 alpha hydroxyls -> 5 alpha reductase -> allopregnanlone

Answer 42

pathway of allopregninaloen