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Physci 140 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

_______ long muscular tube that travels from the epididymus into the pelvic cavity

A

vas deferens

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2
Q

__________ produces the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm

A

prostate gland

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3
Q

__________ tube that carries seman and urine out of the body

A

urethra

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4
Q

__________ duct behind testes that pass to the vas deferens

A

epidymis

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5
Q

________ male erectile organ by which semine and urine are discharged from

A

penis

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6
Q

_______ duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the blaster

A

ureter

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7
Q

_____________ opens into vas deferens nd secretes many of the components of semen

A

seminal vesicles

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8
Q

_______________ engorged with blood

A

erectile tissue

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9
Q

___________ male reproductive gland or gonad

A

testis

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10
Q

pathway of testosterone

A

Hypothalamus -> gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRh) -> anterior pituitary -> FSH and Lh secreting cells

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11
Q

___________ FSH secreting cells involved in speratogenesis and inhibition

A

Sertoli cells

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12
Q

_____________________ LH secreting cells involved in testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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13
Q

Human males produce ______________

A

90 million sperm a day

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14
Q

__________ produce testosterone and are controlled by LH

A

leydig cells

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15
Q

_________________ sustain germ cells and testosterone

A

Sertoli cells

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16
Q

What are the germ cells

A

spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatid, spermatozoa

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17
Q

Leydig cells use a ___________

A

paracrine

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18
Q

___________ involved in glycolicsylation of secreted proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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19
Q

___________ structurally and functionally associated with smooth ER

A

peroxisome

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20
Q

___________ normally euchromatic

A

nucleus

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21
Q

____________ prominent peripherally located in nucleus

A

nucleolus

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22
Q

__________ sit of enzymatic action in testosterone biosynthesis

A

mitochondria

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23
Q

____________ packed with enzymes to make steroids

A

Smooth ER

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24
Q

_________________ facilitate cholesterol transport to mitochondrion

A

Microtubules and intermediate filaments

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25
What is the conversion pathway of cholesterol
cholesterol -> pregnenolone -> testosterone
26
___________ is the pathway which describes the production of sex hormones
steriogenic pathway
27
___________ activation or deactivation of this transporter determines if these hormones will be made.
STAR
28
_________ moves cholesterol into mitochondria so testosterone can be made
Star
29
____________ also produce estradiol (not just a female hormone)
Lydig cells
30
Behavior of seasonally breading birds
as day length increases, testic grow in size and LH and FSH production increases. The growth of the testes is an anatomic representation of hormone changes
31
castration experiment: -100% of rats try to copulate with female with normal testosterone -0% tried to copulate with rat after castration What happens after testosterone is returns
-After a few weeks of testosterone therapy. The desire to copulate returns The gap is a result of neuroplasticity
32
The amount of testosterone has ______________to due with the amount or desire to reproduce
nothing | *presence is way more important
33
How was testosterone discovered
radioactive steroid uptake | immunocytochemistry
34
Where it acts?
- amygdala - olfactory bulb - hypothalamus - medial preoptic area - vomeronasal organ
35
___________ causes males to want to copulate
testosterone
36
__________ acts as a control to testosterone
cholesterol
37
________ has a sexually dimorphic area of the brain as this is where testosterone acts
preoptic area
38
_______________ and ________ control cupping and flaring of the mouse penus
medial bulbocavernosus and material bulbocavernosus
39
In the Spinal nucleus of bulbocavernosus
neurons that control sexual participation are larger during reproduction
40
women are born with _________ follicles that steadily decline throughout life
7 million
41
Rats have a ______ esterus cycle
four day: estrus, diestrus I, diestrus II, preestrus
42
during the estrus period hormones __________ oscillate
GNRH, LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone
43
Males: _____________ (mounting and ejaculation)
courtship and copulation
44
Females: ________ lordosis
perceptive behavior. Sex is not possible without it
45
female behaviors
- increased locomotion - spreads estrous cycle - darting locamotion with sudden stops - tensed position - lordosis
46
males behaviors:
- smells - follows - bumps into - grasps flanks - penile insertion - Intromission - ejaculate
47
__________ pressure from mounting. signal travels through superior colliculus, dorsal root ganglion, motor neurons for back muscles
sensory input
48
high estrogen levels increases
proprioceptivity
49
Estradiol receptors present in _________ | Estradiol upregulates Progesterone Receptors in ________
VMN- ventromedial nucleus
50
Progesterone facilitates _______
lordosis
51
Progesterone receptors only upregulated for several hours | Loss of Progesterone receptors/decline of E & P and ________________
lordosis reflex declines
52
what is the ejaculatory behavior in an male mouse when in a group vs alone with a female
in a group ejaculation only occurs during esterous phase. Alone it occurs all the time
53
___________ occurs across different species. This is defined as anatomical difference between sexes
sexual dimorphism
54
What is a primary sex differences
the difference required for reproduction to occur, pennus, vagina, etc.
55
what is a secondary sex difference
benefit in the process of reproduction but not responsible for reproduction. Fat deposition, body hair, mamopry gland
56
____________ behaviors needed for reproduction.
copulatory behavior
57
________ can be varied and not directly involved in reproduction
courtship behavior
58
________ show that There are sex differences that are independent of hormones.
rhesus monkeys
59
In rhesus monkeys
males and hemaphrodite males showed more pursuit play time and rough play behavior than females
60
_____________ usually defers to the determination of the type of gonad
sex determination
61
__________ refers to the development process by which non-gonadal tissues are differentiated into two sexes
sex differentiation
62
____________ a developing embryo the gonad can become an ovary or testis
bipotential
63
__________ a developing embryo, the embryo can become a ovary or testsis
bipotential

Physci 140 (9 decks)

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