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NUR154 > week 4 > Flashcards

week 4 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Functions of the respiratory system include all of the following, except

A) protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations.
B) defending the respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.
C) providing an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood.
D) moving air to and from the exchange surface.
E) preventing choking from accidental respiration of chewed food.

A
  1. Functions of the respiratory system include all of the following, except

A) protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations.
B) defending the respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.
C) providing an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood.
D) moving air to and from the exchange surface.
**E) preventing choking from accidental respiration of chewed food. **

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2
Q
  1. Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

A) upper respiratory tract.
B) lower respiratory tract.
C) lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) bronchioles.

A
  1. Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

**A) upper respiratory tract. **
B) lower respiratory tract.
C) lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) bronchioles.

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3
Q
  1. Large airborne particles are filtered by

A) choanae.
B) the soft palate.
C) nasal hairs in the vestibule of the nose.
D) the nasal sinuses.
E) the nasopharynx.

A
  1. Large airborne particles are filtered by

A) choanae.
B) the soft palate.
**C) nasal hairs in the vestibule of the nose. **
D) the nasal sinuses.
E) the nasopharynx.

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4
Q
  1. The function of the nasal conchae is to

A) divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.
B) provide an opening into the pharynx.
C) provide a surface for the sense of smell.
D) create turbulence in the air so as to trap small particulates in mucus.
E) provide an opening to the outside of the body.

A
  1. The function of the nasal conchae is to

A) divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.
B) provide an opening into the pharynx.
C) provide a surface for the sense of smell.
**D) create turbulence in the air so as to trap small particulates in mucus. **
E) provide an opening to the outside of the body.

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5
Q
  1. Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except,

A) filtering the air.
B) warming the air.
C) humidifying the air.
D) acting as a reservoir during coughing.
E) acting as a resonating chamber in speech.

A
  1. Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except,

A) filtering the air.
B) warming the air.
C) humidifying the air.
**D) acting as a reservoir during coughing. **
E) acting as a resonating chamber in speech.

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6
Q
  1. The openings to the nostrils are the

A) external nares.
B) internal nares.
C) vestibules.
D) turbinates.
E) palates.

A
  1. The openings to the nostrils are the

**A) external nares. **
B) internal nares.
C) vestibules.
D) turbinates.
E) palates.

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7
Q
  1. The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) vestibule.
E) internal pharynx.

A
  1. The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the

A) nasopharynx.
**B) oropharynx. **
C) laryngopharynx.
D) vestibule.
E) internal pharynx.

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8
Q
  1. The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A) larynx.
B) glottis.
C) vestibule.
D) pharynx.
E) trachea.

A
  1. The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A) larynx.
B) glottis.
C) vestibule.
**D) pharynx. **
E) trachea.

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9
Q
  1. The openings to the auditory tubes are located in the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

A
  1. The openings to the auditory tubes are located in the

**A) nasopharynx. **
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

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10
Q
  1. The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

A
  1. The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the

A) nasopharynx.
**B) oropharynx. **
C) laryngopharynx.
D) larynx.
E) nasal cavity.

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11
Q
  1. The _____ is lined by squamous epithelium.

A) nasopharynx
B) trachea
C) laryngopharynx
D) larynx
E) nasal cavity

A
  1. The _____ is lined by squamous epithelium.

A) nasopharynx
B) trachea
**C) laryngopharynx **
D) larynx
E) nasal cavity

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12
Q
  1. The larynx is composed of _____ cartilages.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
D) 9
E) 12

A
  1. The larynx is composed of _____ cartilages.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
**D) 9 **
E) 12

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13
Q
  1. The glottis is

A) the inferior margin of the soft palate.
B) a flap of elastic cartilage.
C) the opening to the larynx.
D) the opening to the pharynx.
E) part of the hard palate.

A
  1. The glottis is

A) the inferior margin of the soft palate.
B) a flap of elastic cartilage.
**C) the opening to the larynx. **
D) the opening to the pharynx.
E) part of the hard palate.

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14
Q
  1. The vocal folds are located in the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
C) larynx.
D) trachea.
E) bronchi.

A
  1. The vocal folds are located in the

A) nasopharynx.
B) oropharynx.
**C) larynx. **
D) trachea.
E) bronchi.

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15
Q
  1. The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the _____ cartilage.

A) thyroid
B) cricoid
C) corniculate
D) cuneiform
E) epiglottiS

A
  1. The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the _____ cartilage.

A) thyroid
B) cricoid
C) corniculate
D) cuneiform
**E) epiglottiS **

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16
Q
  1. Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds, resulting in

A) speech.
B) articulation.
C) phonation.
D) gagging.
E) coughing.

A
  1. Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds, resulting in

A) speech.
B) articulation.
C) phonation.
D) gagging.
E) coughing.

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17
Q
  1. Which of the following is false of the trachea?

A) is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B) is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages
C) contains many mucous glands
D) can alter its diameter when stimulated by the autonomic nervous system
E) contains bands of smooth muscle capable of autoresponse to changing atmospheric conditions

A
  1. Which of the following is false of the trachea?

A) is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B) is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages
C) contains many mucous glands
D) can alter its diameter when stimulated by the autonomic nervous system
**E) contains bands of smooth muscle capable of autoresponse to changing atmospheric conditions **

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18
Q
  1. The airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is the

A) trachea.
B) bronchiole.
C) pharynx.
D) alveolar duct.
E) laryngeal duct.

A
  1. The airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is the

**A) trachea. **
B) bronchiole.
C) pharynx.
D) alveolar duct.
E) laryngeal duct.

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19
Q
  1. Secondary bronchi supply air to the

A) lungs.
B) lobes of the lungs.
C) lobules of the lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) alveolar ducts.

A
  1. Secondary bronchi supply air to the

A) lungs.
**B) lobes of the lungs. **
C) lobules of the lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) alveolar ducts.

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20
Q
  1. The following is a list of some of the structures of the respiratory tree.
  2. secondary bronchi
  3. bronchioles
  4. alveolar ducts
  5. primary bronchi
  6. respiratory bronchioles
  7. alveoli
  8. terminal bronchioles

The order in which air passes through these structures is

A) 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.
B) 4, 1, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
C) 1, 4, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
D) 1, 4, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.
E) 2, 4, 1, 7, 5, 3, 6.

A
  1. The following is a list of some of the structures of the respiratory tree.
  2. secondary bronchi
  3. bronchioles
  4. alveolar ducts
  5. primary bronchi
  6. respiratory bronchioles
  7. alveoli
  8. terminal bronchioles

The order in which air passes through these structures is

**A) 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6. **
B) 4, 1, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
C) 1, 4, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6.
D) 1, 4, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.
E) 2, 4, 1, 7, 5, 3, 6.

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21
Q
  1. Structures formed by the branching of the trachea within the mediastinum are

A) bronchioles.
B) secondary bronchi.
C) tertiary bronchi.
D) primary bronchi.
E) alveoli.

A
  1. Structures formed by the branching of the trachea within the mediastinum are

A) bronchioles.
B) secondary bronchi.
C) tertiary bronchi.
**D) primary bronchi. **
E) alveoli.

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22
Q
  1. The respiratory membrane consists primarily of

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) moist cuboidal epithelium.
C) simple squamous epithelium.
D) ciliated squamous epithelium.
E) surfactant cells.

A
  1. The respiratory membrane consists primarily of

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) moist cuboidal epithelium.
**C) simple squamous epithelium. **
D) ciliated squamous epithelium.
E) surfactant cells.

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23
Q
  1. The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are
    A) bronchioles.
    B) alveolar ducts.
    C) pleural spaces.
    D) alveoli.
    E) terminal sacs.
A
  1. The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are
    A) bronchioles.
    B) alveolar ducts.
    C) pleural spaces.
    **D) alveoli. **
    E) terminal sacs.
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24
Q
  1. Air moves out of the lungs because

A) the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure.
B) the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration.
C) the thorax is muscular.
D) contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the pleural cavity.
E) the respiratory control center initiates active expansion of the thorax.

A
  1. Air moves out of the lungs because

A) the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure.
**B) the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration. **
C) the thorax is muscular.
D) contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the pleural cavity.
E) the respiratory control center initiates active expansion of the thorax.

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25
Q
  1. When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

A) the volume of the thorax increases.
B) the volume of the thorax decreases.
C) the volume of the lungs decreases.
D) the lungs collapse.
E) expiration occurs.

A
  1. When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

**A) the volume of the thorax increases. **
B) the volume of the thorax decreases.
C) the volume of the lungs decreases.
D) the lungs collapse.
E) expiration occurs.

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26
Q
  1. Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
C) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space.
D) movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells.
E) utilization of oxygen.

A
  1. Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
C) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space.
D) movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells.
E) utilization of oxygen.

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27
Q
  1. Alveolar ventilation refers to the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) movement of air into and out of the alveoli.
C) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
D) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli.
E) utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.

A
  1. Alveolar ventilation refers to the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
**B) movement of air into and out of the alveoli. **
C) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
D) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli.
E) utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.

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28
Q
  1. The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

A) remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
B) supply oxygen to the blood.
C) maintain an adequate alveolar ventilation.
D) remove air from dead air space.
E) prevent gas exchange in the bronchioles.

A
  1. The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

A) remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
B) supply oxygen to the blood.
**C) maintain an adequate alveolar ventilation. **
D) remove air from dead air space.
E) prevent gas exchange in the bronchioles.

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29
Q
  1. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately
    A) 40 mm Hg.
    B) 45 mm Hg.
    C) 50 mm Hg.
    D) 70 mm Hg.
    E) 100 mm Hg.
A
  1. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately
    A) 40 mm Hg.
    B) 45 mm Hg.
    C) 50 mm Hg.
    D) 70 mm Hg.
    **E) 100 mm Hg. **
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30
Q
  1. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood is approximately

A) 40 mm Hg.
B) 45 mm Hg.
C) 50 mm Hg.
D) 70 mm Hg.
E) 100 mm Hg.

A
  1. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood is approximately

**A) 40 mm Hg. **
B) 45 mm Hg.
C) 50 mm Hg.
D) 70 mm Hg.
E) 100 mm Hg.

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31
Q
  1. The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

A) 40 mm Hg.
B) 45 mm Hg.
C) 50 mm Hg.
D) 70 mm Hg.
E) 100 mm Hg.

A
  1. The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

**A) 40 mm Hg. **
B) 45 mm Hg.
C) 50 mm Hg.
D) 70 mm Hg.
E) 100 mm Hg.

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32
Q
  1. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

A) 40 mm Hg.
B) 45 mm Hg.
C) 50 mm Hg.
D) 70 mm Hg.
E) 100 mm Hg.

A
  1. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

A) 40 mm Hg.
**B) 45 mm Hg. **
C) 50 mm Hg.
D) 70 mm Hg.
E) 100 mm Hg.

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33
Q
  1. The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

A) pulmonary ventilation.
B) external respiration.
C) internal respiration.
D) cellular respiration.
E) breathing.

A
  1. The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

A) pulmonary ventilation.
B) external respiration.
**C) internal respiration. **
D) cellular respiration.
E) breathing.

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34
Q
  1. At a PO2 of 70 mm and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is _____ percent saturated with oxygen.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75
E) more than 90

A
  1. At a PO2 of 70 mm and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is _____ percent saturated with oxygen.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75
**E) more than 90 **

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35
Q
  1. Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

A) dissolved in plasma.
B) bound to hemoglobin.
C) in ionic form as solute in the plasma.
D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.
E) carried by white blood cells.

A
  1. Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

A) dissolved in plasma.
**B) bound to hemoglobin. **
C) in ionic form as solute in the plasma.
D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.
E) carried by white blood cells.

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36
Q
  1. Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

A) solute dissolved in the plasma.
B) carbaminohemoglobin.
C) bicarbonate ions.
D) solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells.
E) carbonic acid.

A
  1. Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

A) solute dissolved in the plasma.
B) carbaminohemoglobin.
**C) bicarbonate ions. **
D) solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells.
E) carbonic acid.

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37
Q
  1. The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

A) oxygen.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) bicarbonate ion.
D) sodium ion.
E) hemoglobin.

A
  1. The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

A) oxygen.
**B) carbon dioxide. **
C) bicarbonate ion.
D) sodium ion.
E) hemoglobin.

38
Q
  1. A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will

A) decrease the rate of breathing.
B) increase the rate of breathing.
C) decrease pulmonary ventilation.
D) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate.
E) decrease the vital capacity.

A
  1. A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will

A) decrease the rate of breathing.
**B) increase the rate of breathing. **
C) decrease pulmonary ventilation.
D) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate.
E) decrease the vital capacity.

39
Q
  1. The term hypercapnia refers to

A) the cessation of breathing.
B) an increase in the PCO2.
C) an increase in the PO2.
D) an increase in pH.
E) labored breathing.

A
  1. The term hypercapnia refers to

A) the cessation of breathing.
**B) an increase in the PCO2. **
C) an increase in the PO2.
D) an increase in pH.
E) labored breathing.

40
Q
  1. The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the _____ center.

A) apneustic
B) pneumotaxic
C) inspiratory
D) expiratory
E) both A and C

A
  1. The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the _____ center.

A) apneustic
B) pneumotaxic
C) inspiratory
D) expiratory
E) both A and C

41
Q
  1. Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the _____ center.

A) apneustic
B) pneumotaxic
C) expiratory
D) baroreceptor
E) chemoreceptor

A
  1. Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the _____ center.

**A) apneustic **
B) pneumotaxic
C) expiratory
D) baroreceptor
E) chemoreceptor

42
Q
  1. The pneumotaxic center of the pons

A) sets the at-rest respiratory pattern.
B) prolongs inspiration.
C) modifies the rate and depth of breathing.
D) suppresses the expiratory center in the medulla.
E) both B and C

A
  1. The pneumotaxic center of the pons

A) sets the at-rest respiratory pattern.
B) prolongs inspiration.
**C) modifies the rate and depth of breathing. **
D) suppresses the expiratory center in the medulla.
E) both B and C

43
Q
  1. Higher brain centers that alter the activity of the respiratory centers include all of the following, except

A) association areas near the primary motor cortex.
B) the precentral motor gyrus.
C) the limbic cortex.
D) the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus.
E) Broca’s center.

A
  1. Higher brain centers that alter the activity of the respiratory centers include all of the following, except

A) association areas near the primary motor cortex.
**B) the precentral motor gyrus. **
C) the limbic cortex.
D) the preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus.
E) Broca’s center.

44
Q
  1. Which of the following systems are responsible for elimination of CO2 as waste?

A) urinary
B) respiratory
C) digestive
D) all of the above
E) A and B only

A
  1. Which of the following systems are responsible for elimination of CO2 as waste?

A) urinary
B) respiratory
C) digestive
D) all of the above
**E) A and B only **

45
Q
  1. The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the

A) upper respiratory tract.
B) lower respiratory tract.
C) middle respiratory tract.
D) alveoli of the respiratory tract.
E) respiratory mucosa.

A
  1. The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the

A) upper respiratory tract.
**B) lower respiratory tract. **
C) middle respiratory tract.
D) alveoli of the respiratory tract.
E) respiratory mucosa.

46
Q
  1. A mucosa consists of

A) an epithelium.
B) an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
C) stratified squamous cells.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C

A
  1. A mucosa consists of

A) an epithelium.
B) an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
C) stratified squamous cells.
**D) both A and B **
E) both B and C

47
Q
  1. Tuberculosis results from an infection by the bacterium

A) Clostridium dificile.
B) Staphylococcus aureus.
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
D) Vancomycin-resistant epidermis.
E) both A and C

A
  1. Tuberculosis results from an infection by the bacterium

A) Clostridium dificile.
B) Staphylococcus aureus.
**C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. **
D) Vancomycin-resistant epidermis.
E) both A and C

48
Q
  1. _____________________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent.

A) MRSA
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Myasthenia gravis
E) Parkinson’s disease

A
  1. _____________________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent.

A) MRSA
B) Congestive heart failure
**C) Cystic fibrosis **
D) Myasthenia gravis
E) Parkinson’s disease

49
Q
  1. The respiratory defense system is important because it

A) helps filter the air.
B) helps warm the air.
C) keeps out debris.
D) keeps out pathogens.
E) all of the above

A
  1. The respiratory defense system is important because it

A) helps filter the air.
B) helps warm the air.
C) keeps out debris.
D) keeps out pathogens.
**E) all of the above **

50
Q
  1. ______________________ generally causes a rapid increase in the rate of mucus production in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

A) Exposure to noxious stimuli
B) Exposure to unpleasant stimuli
C) Exposure to allergens
D) Exposure to debris or pathogens
E) all of the above

A
  1. ______________________ generally causes a rapid increase in the rate of mucus production in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

A) Exposure to noxious stimuli
B) Exposure to unpleasant stimuli
C) Exposure to allergens
D) Exposure to debris or pathogens
E) all of the above

51
Q
  1. The ___________________ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.

A) pharynx
B) esophagus
C) trachea
D) windpipe
E) right mainstem bronchus

A
  1. The ___________________ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.

**A) pharynx **
B) esophagus
C) trachea
D) windpipe
E) right mainstem bronchus

52
Q
  1. The larynx contains hyaline cartilages including

A) arytenoid cartilages.
B) corniculate cartilage.
C) cricoid cartilage.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C

A
  1. The larynx contains hyaline cartilages including

A) arytenoid cartilages.
B) corniculate cartilage.
C) cricoid cartilage.
**D) both A and B **
E) both A and C

53
Q
  1. The ___________________ extend between the thyroid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilages.

A) vestibular ligaments
B) cuneiform cartilage
C) vocal ligaments
D) both A and C
E) both A and B

A
  1. The ___________________ extend between the thyroid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilages.

A) vestibular ligaments
B) cuneiform cartilage
C) vocal ligaments
**D) both A and C **
E) both A and B

54
Q
  1. The trachea contains __________ tracheal cartilages.

A) 5–10
B) 10–15
C) 15–20
D) 20–25
E) none of the above

A
  1. The trachea contains __________ tracheal cartilages.

A) 5–10
B) 10–15
**C) 15–20 **
D) 20–25
E) none of the above

55
Q
  1. An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation. This is known as

A) laryngitis.
B) tracheolaryngospasm.
C) epiglottitis.
D) strep throat.
E) none of the above

A
  1. An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation. This is known as

A) laryngitis.
B) tracheolaryngospasm.
**C) epiglottitis. **
D) strep throat.
E) none of the above

56
Q
  1. During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the _____ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

A) right primary
B) left primary
C) right secondary
D) left secondary
E) both A and B

A
  1. During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the _____ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

**A) right primary **
B) left primary
C) right secondary
D) left secondary
E) both A and B

57
Q
  1. The right lung is to _____ as the left lung is to _____.

A) three lobes; two lobes
B) two lobes; two lobes
C) two lobes; two lobes
D) three lobes; three lobes
E) none of the above

A
  1. The right lung is to _____ as the left lung is to _____.

**A) three lobes; two lobes **
B) two lobes; two lobes
C) two lobes; two lobes
D) three lobes; three lobes
E) none of the above

58
Q
  1. When charting an assessment about an abnormality heard when listening to the left lung with your stethoscope, all of the following would be correct, except

A) respiratory wheezes heard in the superior lobe.
B) crackles noted in base of the inferior lobe.
C) rhonchi noted throughout all lung fields.
D) friction rub noted in the middle lobe.
E) lung sounds diminished throughout.

A
  1. When charting an assessment about an abnormality heard when listening to the left lung with your stethoscope, all of the following would be correct, except

A) respiratory wheezes heard in the superior lobe.
B) crackles noted in base of the inferior lobe.
C) rhonchi noted throughout all lung fields.
**D) friction rub noted in the middle lobe. **
E) lung sounds diminished throughout.

59
Q
  1. The resulting pain when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as

A) pleurisy.
B) pulmonary hypertension.
C) asthma.
D) emphysema.
E) COPD.

A
  1. The resulting pain when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as

**A) pleurisy. **
B) pulmonary hypertension.
C) asthma.
D) emphysema.
E) COPD.

60
Q
  1. At the start of the respiratory cycle, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that

A) they are equal.
B) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric.
C) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary.
D) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary.
E) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric.

A
  1. At the start of the respiratory cycle, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that

**A) they are equal. **
B) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric.
C) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary.
D) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary.
E) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric.

61
Q
  1. The term ________________ describes the result from an injury to the chest wall that causes air to leak into the pleural cavity.

A) pleurisy
B) pneumonia
C) pneumothorax
D) pulmonary edema
E) emphysema

A
  1. The term ________________ describes the result from an injury to the chest wall that causes air to leak into the pleural cavity.

A) pleurisy
B) pneumonia
**C) pneumothorax **
D) pulmonary edema
E) emphysema

62
Q
  1. Quiet breathing is to _________________ as shallow breathing is to ____________________.

A) eupnea; diaphragmatic breathing.
B) eupnea; costal breathing.
C) costal breathing; eupnea.
D) costal breathing; diaphragmatic.
E) diaphragmatic breathing; eupnea.

A
  1. Quiet breathing is to _________________ as shallow breathing is to ____________________.

A) eupnea; diaphragmatic breathing.
**B) eupnea; costal breathing. **
C) costal breathing; eupnea.
D) costal breathing; diaphragmatic.
E) diaphragmatic breathing; eupnea.

63
Q
  1. Decreased oxygen is to ______________________ as 0 oxygen is to

A) anoxia; hypoxia.
B) hypercapnia; hyperventilation.
C) hypoventilation; hypoxia.
D) hypoxia; anoxia.
E) none of the above

A
  1. Decreased oxygen is to ______________________ as 0 oxygen is to

A) anoxia; hypoxia.
B) hypercapnia; hyperventilation.
C) hypoventilation; hypoxia.
**D) hypoxia; anoxia. **
E) none of the above

64
Q
  1. Determination of blood gases includes testing for

A) pH.
B) PO2.
C) PCO2.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C

A
  1. Determination of blood gases includes testing for

A) pH.
B) PO2.
C) PCO2.
**D) all of the above **
E) both A and C

65
Q
  1. _____________________ is the amount of air you move into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions.

A) Residual volume
B) Expiratory reserve volume
C) Inspiratory reserve volume
D) Resting tidal volume
E) Inspiratory capacity

A
  1. _____________________ is the amount of air you move into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions.

A) Residual volume
B) Expiratory reserve volume
C) Inspiratory reserve volume
**D) Resting tidal volume **
E) Inspiratory capacity

66
Q
  1. _________________ is the amount of air that you can take in over and above the tidal volume.

A) Residual volume
B) Expiratory reserve volume
C) Inspiratory reserve volume
D) Resting tidal volume
E) Inspiratory capacity

A
  1. _________________ is the amount of air that you can take in over and above the tidal volume.

A) Residual volume
B) Expiratory reserve volume
**C) Inspiratory reserve volume **
D) Resting tidal volume
E) Inspiratory capacity

67
Q
  1. The condition resulting from the inadequate production of surfactant and associated alveolar collapse is

A) respiratory distress syndrome.
B) COPD.
C) anoxia.
D) pulmonary embolism.
E) pneumothorax.

A
  1. The condition resulting from the inadequate production of surfactant and associated alveolar collapse is

**A) respiratory distress syndrome. **
B) COPD.
C) anoxia.
D) pulmonary embolism.
E) pneumothorax.

68
Q
  1. An enlargement of the respiratory passageways is termed

A) respiratory distress syndrome.
B) COPD.
C) anoxia.
D) pulmonary embolism.
E) bronchodilation.

A
  1. An enlargement of the respiratory passageways is termed

A) respiratory distress syndrome.
B) COPD.
C) anoxia.
D) pulmonary embolism.
**E) bronchodilation. **

69
Q
  1. In tissues at a normal partial pressure of oxygen, blood entering the venous system contains about ___________________ of its total oxygen content.

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent
E) 100 percent

A
  1. In tissues at a normal partial pressure of oxygen, blood entering the venous system contains about ___________________ of its total oxygen content.

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
**C) 75 percent **
D) 90 percent
E) 100 percent

70
Q
  1. The apneustic centres of the pons

A) inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers.
B) provide continuous stimulation to the inspiratory center.
C) monitor blood gas levels.
D) alter chemoreceptor sensitivity.
E) none of the above

A
  1. The apneustic centres of the pons

**A) inhibit the pneumotaxic and inspiratory centers. **
B) provide continuous stimulation to the inspiratory center.
C) monitor blood gas levels.
D) alter chemoreceptor sensitivity.
E) none of the above

71
Q
  1. Sympathetic stimulation to the smooth muscle tissue layer in the bronchioles causes

A) bronchoconstriction.
B) bronchodilation.
C) a relaxation of muscle tone.
D) an increase in tidal volume.
E) none of the above

A
  1. Sympathetic stimulation to the smooth muscle tissue layer in the bronchioles causes

A) bronchoconstriction.
**B) bronchodilation. **
C) a relaxation of muscle tone.
D) an increase in tidal volume.
E) none of the above

72
Q
  1. Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration, except the

A) PO2 of the alveoli.
B) PCO2 of the blood.
C) thickness of the respiratory membrane.
D) volume of the alveolus.
E) solubility of oxygen in plasma.

A
  1. Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration, except the

A) PO2 of the alveoli.
B) PCO2 of the blood.
C) thickness of the respiratory membrane.
**D) volume of the alveolus. **
E) solubility of oxygen in plasma.

73
Q
  1. External respiration involves the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood.
C) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid.
D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin.
E) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism.

A
  1. External respiration involves the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
**B) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood. **
C) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid.
D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin.
E) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism.

74
Q
  1. Breathing that involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements is called

A) eupnea.
B) hyperpnea.
C) diaphragmatic breathing.
D) costal breathing.
E) shallow breathing.

A
  1. Breathing that involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements is called

A) eupnea.
**B) hyperpnea. **
C) diaphragmatic breathing.
D) costal breathing.
E) shallow breathing.

75
Q
  1. The respiratory rate times the tidal volume, corrected for dead air, is the

A) vital capacity.
B) respiratory minute volume.
C) pulmonary ventilation rate.
D) alveolar ventilation rate.
E) external respiration rate.

A
  1. The respiratory rate times the tidal volume, corrected for dead air, is the

A) vital capacity.
B) respiratory minute volume.
C) pulmonary ventilation rate.
**D) alveolar ventilation rate. **
E) external respiration rate.

76
Q
  1. Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?

A) decreased temperature
B) decreased pH
C) increased tissue PO2
D) decreased amounts of DPG
E) all of the above

A
  1. Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?

A) decreased temperature
**B) decreased pH **
C) increased tissue PO2
D) decreased amounts of DPG
E) all of the above

77
Q
  1. Physical damage to the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa is likely to result in

A) an inability to smell.
B) nasal congestion.
C) nosebleeds.
D) a deviated septum.
E) sneezing.

A
  1. Physical damage to the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa is likely to result in

A) an inability to smell.
B) nasal congestion.
**C) nosebleeds. **
D) a deviated septum.
E) sneezing.

78
Q
  1. Damage to the septal cells of the lungs would result in

A) a thickening of the respiratory membrane.
B) an increased rate of gas exchange.
C) alveolar rupture.
D) alveolar collapse.
E) decreased surface tension in the water lining the alveoli.

A
  1. Damage to the septal cells of the lungs would result in

A) a thickening of the respiratory membrane.
B) an increased rate of gas exchange.
C) alveolar rupture.
**D) alveolar collapse. **
E) decreased surface tension in the water lining the alveoli.

79
Q
  1. Lungs and airways that are inflated at birth normally do not collapse again because of all of the following, except that

A) the supportive fibrous tissue of the lungs works to prevent collapse.
B) surfactant prevents the alveoli from collapsing.
C) negative intrathoracic pressure prevents total elastic recoil of the lungs.
D) the lungs are complaint and a small amount of pressure will keep them inflated.
E) cartilages and connective tissues hold the airways open.

A
  1. Lungs and airways that are inflated at birth normally do not collapse again because of all of the following, except that

A) the supportive fibrous tissue of the lungs works to prevent collapse.
B) surfactant prevents the alveoli from collapsing.
C) negative intrathoracic pressure prevents total elastic recoil of the lungs.
D) the lungs are complaint and a small amount of pressure will keep them inflated.
**E) cartilages and connective tissues hold the airways open. **

80
Q
  1. During an attack of asthma, an individual’s

A) bronchioles dilate.
B) expiratory reserve volume decreases.
C) respiratory tract produces less mucus.
D) diaphragm contracts in spasms.
E) lungs collapse.

A
  1. During an attack of asthma, an individual’s

A) bronchioles dilate.
**B) expiratory reserve volume decreases. **
C) respiratory tract produces less mucus.
D) diaphragm contracts in spasms.
E) lungs collapse.

81
Q
  1. Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen is. To get the same amount of oxygen to dissolve in plasma as carbon dioxide, you would have to

A) increase the temperature of the plasma.
B) increase the partial pressure of oxygen.
C) decrease the partial pressure of oxygen.
D) increase the rate of plasma flow through the lungs.
E) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate

A
  1. Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen is. To get the same amount of oxygen to dissolve in plasma as carbon dioxide, you would have to

A) increase the temperature of the plasma.
**B) increase the partial pressure of oxygen. **
C) decrease the partial pressure of oxygen.
D) increase the rate of plasma flow through the lungs.
E) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate

82
Q
  1. A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would

A) interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin.
B) cause a decrease in blood pH.
C) increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood.
D) decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma.
E) none of the above

A
  1. A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would

A) interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin.
**B) cause a decrease in blood pH. **
C) increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood.
D) decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma.
E) none of the above

83
Q
  1. Damage to the phrenic nerves would

A) increase respiratory rate.
B) increase the volume of a normal inspiration.
C) result in decreased alveolar ventilation.
D) result in greater pressure differences between the lungs and the outside air during inspiration.
E) have no effect on pulmonary ventilation.

A
  1. Damage to the phrenic nerves would

A) increase respiratory rate.
B) increase the volume of a normal inspiration.
**C) result in decreased alveolar ventilation. **
D) result in greater pressure differences between the lungs and the outside air during inspiration.
E) have no effect on pulmonary ventilation.

84
Q
  1. Abi decides to make an attempt to get into the record books by sitting under water for the longest time. She fixes a mouthpiece to a long plastic tube, weights herself down, and sits at the bottom of an 2.5 metre deep pool with the top of the plastic pipe 10 centimetres above the water. After a few minutes, she finds that

A) her alveolar ventilation rate has increased.
B) she is breathing faster and deeper.
C) her vital capacity is increased.
D) her tidal volume has decreased.
E) her residual volume has increased.

A
  1. Abi decides to make an attempt to get into the record books by sitting under water for the longest time. She fixes a mouthpiece to a long plastic tube, weights herself down, and sits at the bottom of an 2.5 metre deep pool with the top of the plastic pipe 10 centimetres above the water. After a few minutes, she finds that

A) her alveolar ventilation rate has increased.
**B) she is breathing faster and deeper. **
C) her vital capacity is increased.
D) her tidal volume has decreased.
E) her residual volume has increased.

85
Q
  1. The ___________________ are the serous membranes that cover the lungs.
A
  1. The ___________________ are the serous membranes that cover the lungs.

pleurae

86
Q
  1. The ________ lung is usually the smaller of the two lungs and has just two lobes.
A
  1. The ________ lung is usually the smaller of the two lungs and has just two lobes.

left

87
Q
  1. ______________________, or breathing, is the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs.
A
  1. ______________________, or breathing, is the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs.

Pulmonary ventilation

88
Q
  1. A patient with an elevated PCO2 is described as _________________.
A
  1. A patient with an elevated PCO2 is described as _________________.

hypercapnic

89
Q
  1. Gas exchange between the air and the blood takes place in the _______________.
A
  1. Gas exchange between the air and the blood takes place in the _______________.

alveoli

90
Q
  1. Contraction of the _________________________ muscles will elevate the ribs and move the sternum.
A
  1. Contraction of the _________________________ muscles will elevate the ribs and move the sternum.

external intercostal

NUR154 (10 decks)

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