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NUR154 > Week 14 > Flashcards

Week 14 Flashcards

Human Genetics

1
Q

Characteristics of X-Linked recessive disorders include which of the following?

A. All daughters of affected fathers are carriers
B. Boys ad girls are equally affected
C. The son of a carrier mother has a 25% chance of being affected
D. Affected fathers transmit the gene to all their sons.

A

A. All daughters of affected fathers are carriers

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2
Q

A foetus is most vulnerable to environmental teratogens during

A. Birth
B. Conception
C. The first trimester
D. The last trimester

A

C. The first trimester

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3
Q

The normal human genome contains

A. 23 chromosomes
B. 22 autosomal and 2 sex chromosomes
C. 23 pairs of autosomal chromosomes
D. 44 autosomal and 2 sex chromosomes

A

D. 44 autosomal and 2 sex chromosomes

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4
Q

Males are more likely than females to be affected by

A. X-Linked disorders
B. Autosomal dominant disorders
C. Autosomal recessive disorders
D. Chromosomal nondisjunction disorders

A

A. X-Linked disorders

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5
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the outwardly apparent physical and biochemical attributes of an individiual

A. Genotype
B. Phenotype
C. Chromatid
D. Chromosome

A

B. Phenotype

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6
Q

Genetic diseases that follow predictable patterns of inheritance usually affect

A. Chromosomal structure
B. Chromosomal number
C. Single Genes
D. Sex chromosomes

A

C. Single Genes

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7
Q

The various forms of any one gene are called

A. homologous
B. homozygous
C. heterozygous
D. alleles

A

D. alleles

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8
Q

A factor associated with risk of Downs syndrome is

A. family history of heritable diseases
B. maternal age
C. Maternal alocohol intake
D. Paternal age

A

B. maternal age

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9
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a classic example of

A. an autosomal dominant condition
B. an autosomal recessive condition
C. an X-Linked recessive condition
D. a Y-Linked dominant condition

A

C. an X-Linked recessive condition

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10
Q

Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities has been linked with Downs syndrome

A. Translocation
B. Inversion
C. Deletion
D. Duplication

A

A. Translocation

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11
Q

If a patient has a recessive trait, which of the following is the genotype of this patient?

A. aa
B. AA
C. Aa
D. aA

A

A. aa

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12
Q

Paired chromosomes are called

A. homologous
B. homozygous
C. heterozygous
D. autosomes
E. alleles
A

A. homologous

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13
Q

Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called

A. homologous
B. homozygous
C. heterozygous
D. autosomes
E. alleles
A

D. autosomes

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14
Q

The various forms of any one gene are called

A. homologous
B. homozygous
C. heterozygous
D. autosomes
E. alleles
A

E. alleles

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15
Q

If an individual carries a pair of alleles that are the same, they are ______ for the trait

A. homologous
B. homozygous
C. heterozygous
D. autosomes
E. polygenic
A

B. homozygous

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16
Q

If an individual carries two different alleles for the same trait, they are

A. homologous
B. homozygous
C. heterozygous
D. autosomes
E. polygenic
A

C. heterozygous

17
Q

In simple inheritance, phenotypic characters are determined, or controlled, by

A. a single pair of alleles
B. multiple alleles
C. the action of a single gene
D. regulator genes on a chromosome other than the one that has the structural genes
E. the genes on the Y chromosomes
A

A. a single pair of alleles

18
Q

In polygenic inheritance, phenotypic characters are

A. determined by a single pair of alleles
B. determined by multiple alleles
C. determined by the action of a single gene
D. always controlled by genes on the same chromosomes
E. determined by the genes on the Y chromosomes

A

B. determined by multiple alleles

19
Q

If “A” stands for the dominant gene that prevents albinism and “a” stands for the recessive albinism trait, then an individual with the genotype of “aa” will express:

A. albinism and will be a carrier
B. albinism and will not be a carrier
C. normal pigmentation and will be a carrier
D. normal pigmentation and will not be a carrier

A

A. albinism and will be a carrier

20
Q

An individual possessing the sex chromosome combination “XY” is genetically:

A. a male
B. a female
C. both
D. neither

A

A. a male

21
Q

If an individual has only an X chromosome (“XO”), then that person is genetically:

A. male
B. female
C. neither male nor female
D. The condition of “XO” can never occur

A

A. male

22
Q

The sickle cell/malaria relationship demonstrates the concept in medical genetics that “disease” genes:

A. are always codominant
B. are never dominant
C. often provide some biological advantage for a human population in certain circumstances
D. never provide a liological advantage for human populations

A

C. often provide some biological advantage for a human population in certain circumstances

23
Q

Red-green colour blindness shows X-linked recessive inheritance. Assume “X” is normal, “X1” is recessive for the trait, and “Y” is normal. Then, an individual with the genotype “XX1” will be a:

A. normal female and a carrier
B. colour blind male
C. normal female and not a carrier
D. normal male

A

A. normal female and a carrier

24
Q

The condition called trisomy results from a(n):

A. mistake in mitosis called nondisjunction
B. mistake in meiosis called nondisjunction
C. abnormality in a single gene
D. genetic predispostion

A

B. mistake in meiosis called nondisjunction

25
Q

A group of symptoms called Down Syndrome results from:

A. trisomy 15
B. trisomy 19
C. trisomy 21
D. trisomy 23

A

C. trisomy 21

26
Q

The syndrome that results from the genotype “XXY” is:

A. Turner
B. Klinefelter
C. Down
D. Parkinson

A

B. Klinefelter

27
Q

A chart that illustrates genetic relatinships in a family over several generations is called a:

A. Punnett square
B. pedigree
C. genetic grid
D. karyotype

A

B. pedigree

28
Q

The genetic code is transmitted to offspring in discrete, independent units that are called:

A. chromosomes
B. genes
C. gametes
D. nucleosomes

A

B. genes

29
Q

He entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body is called:

A. diploid
B. haploid
C. nucleosomes
D. genome

A

D. genome

30
Q

If a karyotype found an X chromsome, a Y chromosome, and three 21st chromosomes, it would indicate a:

A. female with down syndrome
B. female with Turner syndrome
C. male with Klinefelter syndrome
D. male with down syndrome

A

D. male with down syndrome

NUR154 (10 decks)

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