Week 11 Flashcards
Integumentary System
Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except
A. protection of underlying tissue B. excretion of salts and wastes C. maintenance of body temperatures D. synthesis of vitamin C E. storage of nutrients
D. synthesis of vitamin C
An “albino” individual lacks the ability to produce
A. melanin B. keratin C. carotene D. perspiration E. eleidin
A. melanin
The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves closest to the surface of the skin is the ______ layer
A. papillary B. reticular C. epidermal D. subcutaneous E. hypodermal
A. papillary
All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer except
A. it contains many blood vessels
B. it permits independent movement of deeper structures
C. it contains large amounts of adipose tissue
D. it is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane
E. it is well supplied with nerves that pass into the skin
D. it is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane
Variations in hair colour reflect differences in the pigment produced by
A. keratinocytes B. melanocytes C. dermal papillae D. soft keratin E. carotene cells
B. melanocytes
Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands.
A. ceruminous B. apocrine sweat C. merocrine sweat D. sebaceous E. mammary
D. sebaceous
The primary function of sensible perspiration is to
A. protect the skin from excess ultraviolet radiation B. heat the skin surface C. raise the temperature of the skin D. cool the surface of the skin E. reduce insensible perspiration
D. cool the surface of the skin
Sweat tastes salty because of its
A. water B. metabolites C. waste products D. electrolytes E. acidic pH
D. electrolytes
In an extensive wound, __________ divide producing mobile cells that invade the deeper areas of the injury
A. granulation cells B. langherans cells C. blood cells D. fibroblasts E. scab cells
D. fibroblasts
The effects of aging on the skin include
A. a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands
B. increased production of vitamin D
C. thickening of the epidermis
D. an increased blood supply to the dermis
E. an increased number of sweat glands
A. a decline in the activity of sebaceoue glands
An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is
A. vitamin A B. vitamin B C. vitamin C D. vitamin D E. vitamin E
D. vitamin D
When the arrector pili muscles contract
A. "goose bumps" are formed B. hairs are shed C. sweat is realeased from sweat glands D. shivering occurs E. the skin changes color
A “goose bumps” are formed
When a fair-skinned person blushes, why does his or her skin turn red?
A. the blood supply to the skin increases
B. the number of red melanocytes n the skin increases
C. Melanocytes increase production of red pigments
D. The blood supply to the skin descreases
E. Increased heat causes the skin to turn red
A. the blood supply to the skin increases
Stretch marks occur when
A. the skin is stretched in normal movements
B. surgical incisions are made perpendicular to the skins lines of cleavage
C. the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic capabilities are exceeded
D. athletes over extend a muscle
E. the hair follicles cease to produce hairs
C. the skin is so extensively stretch that is elastic capabilities are exceeded
The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury
- contraction occurs
- cells of the stratum germinativum divide and migrate
- Granulation tissue is formed
- A scab forms on the surface
The correct order for these events are A. 1,2,3,4 B. 4,3,2,1 C. 4,3,1,2 D. 3,4,1,2 E. 2,4,1,3
C. 4,3,1,2
Scar tissue is the result of
A. an abnormally large number of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels at the repair site
B. increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury
C. a thickened stratum germinativum in the area of the injury
D. increased numbers of fibroblasts and mast cells in the injured area
E. a lack of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the injured area
A. an abnormally large number of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels at the repair site
Wrinkles and sagging skin in elderly individuals are the result of
A. increased production of epidermis
B. thinning of the epridermis and decline of the protein elastin
C. increased keratinization of the epidermis
D. the loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin
E. decreased thickness of the dermis
B. thinning of the epidermis and decline of the protein elastin
Which of the following happens if body temperature rises above normal?
A. circulation in the skin decreases B. sweat gland activity decreases C. Evaporative cooling stops D. Blood flow to the skin increases E. the activity of melanocytes increases
D. blood flow to the skin increases
The protein that permits stetching and recoiling of the skin is
A. collagen B. melanin C. keratin D. elastin E. carotene
D. elastin
Characteristics of the epidermis include
A. multilayered B. flexible C. self-repairing D. serving as UV radiation protection E. all of the above
E. all of the above
Cyanosis is indicated by
A. a reddish skin coloration B. a yellowish skin coloration C. an orange skin coloration D. a bluish skin coloration E. a brown skin coloration
D. a bluish skin coloration
A suntan actually results from
A. increased melanin production B. increased melanocyte production C. burned skin D. decreased keratin production E. increased carotene production
A. increased melanin production
Skin inflammation is termed
A. cutaneitis B. dermatitis C. epidermatitis D. superficialitis E. melanocytes
B. dermatitis
While assessing a patient, you discover that afer pinching the skin on the back of the hand, it remains peaked. This is a sign of
A. hydratioin intoxication B. water intoxication C. dehydration D. advanced skin cancer E. malfunctioning elastin
C. dehydration
The dermis provides
A. mechanical strength B. flexibility C. protection for underlying tissues D. A and C E. all of the above
E. all of the above
Of the organs listed below, select the largest
A. liver B. skin C. brain D. heart E. stomach
B. skin
_________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and _____ sweat glands are found only in a few areas
A. sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine B. Apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous C. Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine D. Merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous E. Apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine
C. Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
The primary purpose of sensible perspiration is
A. to heat internal body organs B. to heat the skin C. evaporative cooling D. to get rid of body wastes E. to elevate body temperatures
C. evaporative cooling
The ________ in keratinocytes protects your epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight
A. oil B. sweat C. melanin D. carotene E. keratin
C. melanin
While walking barefoot in the park, Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis. How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
E. 5
The skin is attached to underlying bone and muscle by the ________
hypodermis
Sloughing of the outer layer of the skin cells is called _________
desquamation
The deepest layer of strata of the epidermis is the __________ _________
Stratum basale
Melanin is produced only by __________
melanocytes
Hair is formed by the cells of the _____
matrix
Body odour results from secretions from the _____ sweat glands
apocrine
Sweat is involved in the regulation of _____ _______
body temperature
What are the functions of the papillary layer of the skin?
Feed and oxygenate the epidermis, provide touch and pain receptors, form ridges of the hands and toes
Name the main layers of the epidermis in order from the skin surface down.
Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale (or germinativum)
Name four functions of the epidermis
Protection against abrasion; Protection from the sins radiation; First line of defence in immune function; Portection from water loss; Protection from heat loss; Sensory perception; Covers the body and interfaces with the external environment
What complications may arise from the loss of large areas of skin surfaces?
Large losses of skin, as with sever burn injuries, allow excessive fluid loss and infection. Skin grafting is necessary
