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NUR154 > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following, except

A) lymphatic vessels.
B) the thyroid gland.
C) the spleen.
D) lymph nodes.
E) lymph.

A
  1. The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following, except

A) lymphatic vessels.
B) the thyroid gland.
C) the spleen.
D) lymph nodes.
E) lymph.

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2
Q
  1. The primary function of the lymphatic system is

A) circulation of nutrients.
B) the transport of hormones.
C) the production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes.
D) the production, maintenance, and distribution of plasma proteins.
E) both C and D

A
  1. The primary function of the lymphatic system is

A) circulation of nutrients.
B) the transport of hormones.
**C) the production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes. **
D) the production, maintenance, and distribution of plasma proteins.
E) both C and D

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3
Q
  1. The lymphatic system does all of the following, except

A) helps maintain normal blood volume.
B) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.
C) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid.
D) transports lipids from the digestive tract.
E) fights infection.

A
  1. The lymphatic system does all of the following, except

A) helps maintain normal blood volume.
**B) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. **
C) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid.
D) transports lipids from the digestive tract.
E) fights infection.

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4
Q
  1. Lymph nodes do all of the following, except

A) produce antibodies.
B) monitor the contents of lymph.
C) remove debris and pathogens from the lymph.
D) act as a “way station” for cancer cells.
E) remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

A
  1. Lymph nodes do all of the following, except

A) produce antibodies.
B) monitor the contents of lymph.
C) remove debris and pathogens from the lymph.
D) act as a “way station” for cancer cells.
E) remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

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5
Q
  1. Lymphocytes are located in each of the following tissues or organs, except the

A) tonsils.
B) spleen.
C) lymph nodes.
D) brain.
E) thymus gland.

A
  1. Lymphocytes are located in each of the following tissues or organs, except the

A) tonsils.
B) spleen.
C) lymph nodes.
D) brain.
E) thymus gland.

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6
Q
  1. ___________________ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

A) Tonsils
B) Peyer’s patches
C) Lymph nodes
D) Immune complexes
E) Spleens

A
  1. ___________________ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

**A) Tonsils **
B) Peyer’s patches
C) Lymph nodes
D) Immune complexes
E) Spleens

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7
Q
  1. Characteristics of specific defenses include

A) versatility.
B) tolerance.
C) memory.
D) specificity.
E) all of the above

A
  1. Characteristics of specific defenses include

A) versatility.
B) tolerance.
C) memory.
D) specificity.
**E) all of the above **

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8
Q
  1. Microphages include

A) microglia.
B) Kupffer cells.
C) neutrophils.
D) Langerhans cells.
E) monocytes.

A
  1. Microphages include

A) microglia.
B) Kupffer cells.
C) neutrophils.
D) Langerhans cells.
E) monocytes.

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9
Q
  1. All of the various macrophages are derived from

A) lymphocytes.
B) monocytes.
C) neutrophils.
D) eosinophils.
E) basophils.

A
  1. All of the various macrophages are derived from

A) lymphocytes.
**B) monocytes. **
C) neutrophils.
D) eosinophils.
E) basophils.

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10
Q
  1. The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following, except

A) destruction of target cell membranes.
B) stimulation of inflammation.
C) deactivation of the immune response.
D) opsonization.
E) chemotaxis.

A
  1. The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following, except

A) destruction of target cell membranes.
B) stimulation of inflammation.
**C) deactivation of the immune response. **
D) opsonization.
E) chemotaxis.

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11
Q
  1. Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ____________ immunity.

A) active
B) natural passive
C) passive
D) auto
E) innate

A
  1. Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ____________ immunity.

A) active
B) natural passive
C) passive
D) auto
**E) innate **

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12
Q
  1. Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called _____ immunity.

A) active
B) natural passive
C) passive
D) auto
E) innate

A
  1. Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called _____ immunity.

A) active
**B) natural passive **
C) passive
D) auto
E) innate

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13
Q
  1. The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are _______________ cells.

A) NK
B) plasma
C) helper T
D) cytotoxic T
E) suppressor T

A
  1. The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are _______________ cells.

A) NK
**B) plasma **
C) helper T
D) cytotoxic T
E) suppressor T

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14
Q
  1. The cells responsible for cellular immunity are the _____________ cells.

A) B
B) plasma
C) helper T
D) cytotoxic T
E) suppressor T

A
  1. The cells responsible for cellular immunity are the _____________ cells.

A) B
B) plasma
C) helper T
**D) cytotoxic T **
E) suppressor T

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15
Q
  1. The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the _______________ cells.

A) NK
B) B
C) helper T
D) cytotoxic T
E) suppressor T

A
  1. The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the _______________ cells.

A) NK
**B) B **
C) helper T
D) cytotoxic T
E) suppressor T

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16
Q
  1. Stem cells that will form B cells and NK cells are found in the

A) bone marrow.
B) liver.
C) spleen.
D) thymus.
E) kidneys.

A
  1. Stem cells that will form B cells and NK cells are found in the

**A) bone marrow. **
B) liver.
C) spleen.
D) thymus.
E) kidneys.

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17
Q
  1. Lymphocytes that attack foreign cells or body cells infected with viruses are ____________ cells.

A) B
B) plasma
C) helper T
D) cytotoxic T
E) suppressor T

A
  1. Lymphocytes that attack foreign cells or body cells infected with viruses are ____________ cells.

A) B
B) plasma
C) helper T
**D) cytotoxic T **
E) suppressor T

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18
Q
  1. Cells that help regulate the immune response are _____________ cells.

A) B
B) plasma
C) helper T
D) cytotoxic T
E) NK

A
  1. Cells that help regulate the immune response are _____________ cells.

A) B
B) plasma
**C) helper T **
D) cytotoxic T
E) NK

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19
Q
  1. Suppressor T cells act to

A) suppress antigens.
B) limit the degree of memory in memory T cells.
C) limit antigen proliferation.
D) depress the responses of other T cells and B cells.
E) produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity.

A
  1. Suppressor T cells act to

A) suppress antigens.
B) limit the degree of memory in memory T cells.
C) limit antigen proliferation.
**D) depress the responses of other T cells and B cells. **
E) produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity.

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20
Q
  1. The cells that are actively involved in immunological surveillance are the _____ cells.

A) NK (natural killers)
B) plasma
C) B
D) helper T
E) suppressor T

A
  1. The cells that are actively involved in immunological surveillance are the _____ cells.

**A) NK **
B) plasma
C) B
D) helper T
E) suppressor T

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21
Q
  1. Stem cells that will form T cells are modified in the

A) bone marrow.
B) liver.
C) spleen.
D) thymus.
E) kidneys.

A
  1. Stem cells that will form T cells are modified in the

A) bone marrow.
B) liver.
C) spleen.
**D) thymus. **
E) kidneys.

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22
Q
  1. The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in

A) neutralization of the antigen.
B) agglutination or precipitation.
C) complement activation and opsonization.
D) all of the above
E) A and B only

A
  1. The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in

A) neutralization of the antigen.
B) agglutination or precipitation.
C) complement activation and opsonization.
**D) all of the above **
E) A and B only

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23
Q
  1. The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response.
  2. Several cycles of mitosis occur.
  3. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage.
  4. Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection.
  5. Undifferentiated T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen.
  6. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells and T memory cells.
  7. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin.

The correct sequence for these steps is

A) 4, 1, 5, 3, 6, 2.
B) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6.
C) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6.
D) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6.
E) 3, 6, 4, 5, 1, 2.

A
  1. The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response.
  2. Several cycles of mitosis occur.
  3. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage.
  4. Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection.
  5. Undifferentiated T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen.
  6. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells and T memory cells.
  7. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin.

The correct sequence for these steps is

A) 4, 1, 5, 3, 6, 2.
**B) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6. **
C) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6.
D) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6.
E) 3, 6, 4, 5, 1, 2.

24
Q
  1. Helper T cells do all of the following, except

A) promote B-cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production.
B) encode the antigenic genetic information for use during future exposures to the antigen.
C) stimulate T-cell divisions that produce memory T cells and accelerate maturation of cytotoxic T cells.
D) attract and stimulate the activity of NK cells.
E) enhance nonspecific defenses.

A
  1. Helper T cells do all of the following, except

A) promote B-cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production.
**B) encode the antigenic genetic information for use during future exposures to the antigen. **
C) stimulate T-cell divisions that produce memory T cells and accelerate maturation of cytotoxic T cells.
D) attract and stimulate the activity of NK cells.
E) enhance nonspecific defenses.

25
Q
  1. During a primary humoral response to antigens all of the following occur, except

A) B cells may differentiate into plasma cells immediately.
B) B cells may undergo several rounds of mitosis before producing plasma cells and memory cells.
C) antibody levels do not peak until 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure.
D) neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances.
E) the first immunoglobulins to appear in circulation are of the IgM type.

A
  1. During a primary humoral response to antigens all of the following occur, except

A) B cells may differentiate into plasma cells immediately.
B) B cells may undergo several rounds of mitosis before producing plasma cells and memory cells.
C) antibody levels do not peak until 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure.
**D) neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances. **
E) the first immunoglobulins to appear in circulation are of the IgM type.

26
Q
  1. All of the following are true of the secondary or anamnestic response of humoral immunity, except that it

A) involves memory B cells.
B) results in elevated titers of antibodies sooner than in the primary response.
C) generally prevents a person from showing symptoms of the disease.
D) can occur even if the second exposure occurs years after the initial exposure.
E) promotes an increased susceptibility to immune system failure.

A
  1. All of the following are true of the secondary or anamnestic response of humoral immunity, except that it

A) involves memory B cells.
B) results in elevated titers of antibodies sooner than in the primary response.
C) generally prevents a person from showing symptoms of the disease.
D) can occur even if the second exposure occurs years after the initial exposure.
**E) promotes an increased susceptibility to immune system failure. **

27
Q
  1. The following is a list of the stages that occur during a bacterial infection.
  2. Cytotoxic T cells appear.
  3. Inflammation, lymphokines, and monokines attract phagocytes.
  4. Neutrophils and NK cells migrate into the infected area.
  5. B cells differentiate and the number of plasma cells increases.
  6. A gradual, sustained increase in antibodies occurs.

The proper sequence for these steps is

A) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5.
B) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5.
C) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3.
D) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5.
E) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5.

A
  1. The following is a list of the stages that occur during a bacterial infection.
  2. Cytotoxic T cells appear.
  3. Inflammation, lymphokines, and monokines attract phagocytes.
  4. Neutrophils and NK cells migrate into the infected area.
  5. B cells differentiate and the number of plasma cells increases.
  6. A gradual, sustained increase in antibodies occurs.

The proper sequence for these steps is

A) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5.
B) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5.
C) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3.
D) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5.
E) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5.

28
Q
  1. Hormones of the immune system include all of the following, except

A) interleukins.
B) interferons.
C) natriuretic factor.
D) chemicals that regulate phagocytes.
E) tumor necrosis factors.

A
  1. Hormones of the immune system include all of the following, except

A) interleukins.
B) interferons.
C) natriuretic factor.
D) chemicals that regulate phagocytes.
**E) tumor necrosis factors. **

29
Q
  1. Interleukins do all of the following, except

A) increase T-cell sensitivity to antigens exposed on macrophage membranes.
B) stimulate B-cell activity, plasma cell formation, and antibody production.
C) stimulate inflammation.
D) elevate body temperature.
E) stimulate fibrin formation.

A
  1. Interleukins do all of the following, except

A) increase T-cell sensitivity to antigens exposed on macrophage membranes.
B) stimulate B-cell activity, plasma cell formation, and antibody production.
C) stimulate inflammation.
D) elevate body temperature.
**E) stimulate fibrin formation. **

30
Q
  1. Changes in the immune system that accompany aging include

A) T cells becoming less responsive to antigens.
B) more cytotoxic T cells responding to infections.
C) increased numbers of T helper cells.
D) higher levels of antibody after initial exposure to antigens.
E) increased number of Langerhans cells.

A
  1. Changes in the immune system that accompany aging include

**A) T cells becoming less responsive to antigens. **
B) more cytotoxic T cells responding to infections.
C) increased numbers of T helper cells.
D) higher levels of antibody after initial exposure to antigens.
E) increased number of Langerhans cells.

31
Q
  1. The body’s lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following, except

A) the tonsils.
B) lymphoid tissues.
C) lymphoid organs.
D) the spleen and thymus.
E) the kidneys.

A
  1. The body’s lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following, except

A) the tonsils.
B) lymphoid tissues.
C) lymphoid organs.
D) the spleen and thymus.
**E) the kidneys. **

32
Q
  1. One major difference between a virus and a parasite is that

A) viruses are killed with antibiotics.
B) viruses usually live within a cell and then destroy their host.
C) parasites live within a cell more often than viruses.
D) both A and C
E) none of the above

A
  1. One major difference between a virus and a parasite is that

A) viruses are killed with antibiotics.
B) viruses usually live within a cell and then destroy their host.
C) parasites live within a cell more often than viruses.
D) both A and C
E) none of the above

33
Q
  1. Lymphocyte production involves

A) bone marrow.
B) thymus tissue.
C) peripheral lymphoid tissues.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

A
  1. Lymphocyte production involves

A) bone marrow.
B) thymus tissue.
C) peripheral lymphoid tissues.
**D) all of the above **
E) none of the above

34
Q
  1. Nonspecific defenses include

A) those present at birth.
B) physical barriers.
C) inflammation.
D) interferons.
E) all of the above

A
  1. Nonspecific defenses include

A) those present at birth.
B) physical barriers.
C) inflammation.
D) interferons.
**E) all of the above **

35
Q
  1. Specific defences depend on the activities of

A) monocytes.
B) leukocytes.
C) agranulocytes.
D) erythrocytes.
E) lymphocytes.

A
  1. Specific defences depend on the activities of

A) monocytes.
B) leukocytes.
C) agranulocytes.
D) erythrocytes.
**E) lymphocytes. **

36
Q
  1. Examples of physical barriers that you have against pathogens include

A) sebaceous glands.
B) hair.
C) epithelium.
D) epidermal surface of the skin.
E) all of the above

A
  1. Examples of physical barriers that you have against pathogens include

A) sebaceous glands.
B) hair.
C) epithelium.
D) epidermal surface of the skin.
**E) all of the above **

37
Q
  1. Inflammation produces localized

A) swelling.
B) redness.
C) heat.
D) pain.
E) all of the above

A
  1. Inflammation produces localized

A) swelling.
B) redness.
C) heat.
D) pain.
**E) all of the above **

38
Q
  1. Fever can be described as the maintenance of body temperature greater than

A) 37.2C.
B) 99F.
C) 98.6F.
D) both A and C
E) both A and B

A
  1. Fever can be described as the maintenance of body temperature greater than

A) 37.2C.
B) 99F.
C) 98.6F.
D) both A and C
**E) both A and B **

39
Q
  1. Antibodies are primarily effective against _____ rather than _____.

A) viruses; pathogens
B) bacteria; viruses
C) viruses; bacteria
D) pathogens; viruses
E) none of the above

A
  1. Antibodies are primarily effective against _____ rather than _____.

A) viruses; pathogens
**B) bacteria; viruses **
C) viruses; bacteria
D) pathogens; viruses
E) none of the above

40
Q
  1. Lymphoid stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes occur in the

A) bloodstream.
B) thymus.
C) bone marrow.
D) spleen.
E) intestines.

A
  1. Lymphoid stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes occur in the

A) bloodstream.
B) thymus.
**C) bone marrow. **
D) spleen.
E) intestines.

41
Q
  1. A painless accumulation of lymph in a region where lymphatic drainage has been blocked is termed _____________.
A
  1. A painless accumulation of lymph in a region where lymphatic drainage has been blocked is termed _____________.
    Answer: lymphoedema
42
Q
  1. An infection and inflammation of the aggregated lymphoid nodules in the appendix is termed _______________.
A
  1. An infection and inflammation of the aggregated lymphoid nodules in the appendix is termed _______________.
    Answer: appendicitis
43
Q
  1. The immune system is said to exhibit ___________________ toward those agents that do not stimulate an immune response.
A
  1. The immune system is said to exhibit ___________________ toward those agents that do not stimulate an immune response.
    Answer: tolerance
44
Q
  1. In an ________________________ either the immune system fails to develop normally or the immune response is blocked.
A
  1. In an ________________________ either the immune system fails to develop normally or the immune response is blocked.
    Answer: immunodeficiency disease
45
Q
  1. _______________________ develop when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues.
A
  1. _______________________ develop when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues.
    Answer: Autoimmune disorders
46
Q
  1. Antigens that trigger allergic reactions are called _______________.
A
  1. Antigens that trigger allergic reactions are called _______________.
    Answer: allergens
47
Q
  1. The process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells, forming large immune complexes, is called _______________.
A
  1. The process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells, forming large immune complexes, is called _______________.
    Answer: agglutination
48
Q
  1. _____________ cells enable the immune system to respond more quickly if the same antigen is encountered a second time.
A
  1. _____________ cells enable the immune system to respond more quickly if the same antigen is encountered a second time.
    Answer: Memory
49
Q
  1. The process by which soluble antigens combine with antibodies to form insoluble immune complexes is called ________________.
A
  1. The process by which soluble antigens combine with antibodies to form insoluble immune complexes is called ________________.
    Answer: precipitation
50
Q
  1. When an antibody binds to its proper antigen a(n) ________________________ is formed.
A
  1. When an antibody binds to its proper antigen a(n) ________________________ is formed.
    Answer: antibody–antigen complex
51
Q
  1. Any compound that can stimulate the body to produce antibodies is called a(n) ____________.
A
  1. Any compound that can stimulate the body to produce antibodies is called a(n) ____________.
    Answer: antigen
52
Q
  1. ______________ are antibodies found in body fluids.
A
  1. ______________ are antibodies found in body fluids.
    Answer: Immunoglobulins
53
Q
  1. The ability of certain phagocytes to move through the wall of a capillary is called ____________.
A
  1. The ability of certain phagocytes to move through the wall of a capillary is called ____________.
    Answer: diapedesis
54
Q
  1. ________________ are fixed macrophages located in the epithelia of the skin.
A
  1. ________________ are fixed macrophages located in the epithelia of the skin.
    Answer: Langerhans cells
55
Q
  1. The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to a site of inflammation is called __________________ .
A
  1. The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to a site of inflammation is called __________________ .
    Answer: chemotaxis

NUR154 (10 decks)

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