Week 3.4 Flashcards
How should children be treated under each worldview for fundamental traits
- Original sin = punish all transgressions, expect them to be good
- Noble Savage = ignore children’s misbehaviour and change society (parents etc.)
- Tabula rasa = reward good behaviours and punish bad behaviours
Results of how children should be treated under each worldview for fundamental traits
- Original sin = punish bad behaviour, makes children good
- Noble savage = provide opportunities to be good which makes children good
- Tabula rasa = reward/punish and provide parent role models
One example of research related to fundamental human traits
Role of aggression - tested by Bandura
Psychoanalysis versus Behaviorism theory on aggression
- Psychoanalysis - daily activities lead to frustration and tension
- Behaviourism - learn by observing and modeling other people
Psychoanalysis versus Behaviorism predictions of aggressive behaviour
- Psychoanalysis - either being or watching physical aggression decreases aggression level (catharsis)
- Behaviourism - either being or watching physical aggression increases aggression levels (modelling)
Psychoanalysis versus Behaviorism predictions of aggression when watching violent TV
- Psychoanalysis - watching violent TV leads to decrease in aggression
- Behaviourism - watching violent TV leads to an increase in aggression
Example of experiment testing aggression and violent TV (2)
- Children watch either a non-violent or violent childreb’s TV program
- Given opportunity to play in small groups
Results
- Compared aggression levels of both groups of children and found
- Children were more aggressive after watching violent TV = falsified psychoanalytic predictions and confirmed social learning
Meta-analysis by Gershoff & Kaylor (2016)
A meta-analysis [Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor, 2016] found corporal punishment was significantly associated with:
- anti-social behaviour
- behaviour problems
- higher aggression
- lower self-esteem
- more mental health problems
- negative parent-child relationships
- poorer education outcomes
- higher risk of [actual] physical abuse from parents
Given this knowledge, how should psychologists progress from an ethical and moral perspective?
1) Own personal ethics
2) Professional and Government guidelines
What does this [final] worldview say or imply about the fundamental nature of humans and proposed solutions should psychology implement and support?
Noting:
- Own worldview
- Ethical and legal constraints
- The client’s worldview [cultural diversity]
- Other members of society
Is there a way of studying world views?
There is a way of studying and explaining world views
Study on worldviews (4)
Jackson (2018)
- Surveyed 236 psychology students
- Developed a 90-item survey on philosophical issues
- Used a factor analysis
What is a factor analysis? (4)
- Statistical test to determine systematic patterns in responses to questions, behaviours or events
- Reduces number of items [this survey = 90 items] to 7 key factors
- Lists related items in strength of association to that factor [hence important items [and concepts] are listed first
- Researcher has to name each item - using inductive reasoning
Method + Results + how many factors, Jackson (2018)
- A factor analysis was completed on the survey questions
- There were seven factors, using qualitative analysis name the factor in terms of the common theme of the items
