Week 3 - Formative

Question 1

what is gross shortening of a single lower limb suggestive of?

Answer 1

developmental dysplasia of the hip

Question 2

what are the symptoms of slipped upper femoral epiphysis?

Answer 2

pain in the groin
can only have pain in the knee
loss of internal rotation = main sign
limp

Question 3

what proportion of SUFE cases are bilateral?

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

the age at time of diagnosis is inversely proportional to prognosis in perthes disease, true or false?

Answer 4

true

Question 5

at what age should a child be able to stand properly?

Answer 5

12 months

Question 6

what is spina bifida occulta?

Answer 6

milder form of spina bifida

Question 7

describe knee alignment at 3 years

Answer 7

valgus knee alignment of around 10-15 degrees

Question 8

at what age should a child be able to control their own head?

Answer 8

2 months

Question 9

what 4 things increase the risk of clubfoot?

Answer 9

male gender
breech presentation
family history
oligohydramnios

Question 10

which nerve root would be affected in a paracentral L4/L5 disc prolapse and why?

Answer 10

traversing L5 nerve root
as the L5 nerve root is travelling down the spinal column and is traversing the L4/L5 junction and therefore at risk from a more central disc prolapse

Question 11

which nerve root would be affected in a lateral L4/L5 disc prolapse and why?

Answer 11

L4
as the L4 nerve root exits laterally below the pedicle of the L4 vertebra and is therefore more at risk from a lateral disc prolapse

Question 12

severe pain worse on coughing indicates what?

Answer 12

IV disc tear in outer annulus fibrosis

Question 13

what is a gibbus?

Answer 13

term used for an acute angular deformity in the spine in the sagittal plane (visible when viewed from the side)

Question 14

what 2 conditions can increase risk of an atraumatic cervical spine instability?

Answer 14

rheumatoid arthritis

down syndrome