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MSK > Upper Limb Trauma Imaging > Flashcards

Upper Limb Trauma Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

what views are taken of the cervical spine?

A

AP
lateral
odontoid peg

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2
Q

what views are taken of the scaphoid?

A

AP
lateral
2 obliques

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3
Q

what type of fracture is known as a boxers fracture?

A

angulation

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4
Q

all fractures look almost the same, true or false?

A

false
many different appearances and types of fractures
can be depend on mechanism of injury

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5
Q

what is an avulsion fracture?

A

fracture where a tendon or ligament pulls of a piece of bone

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6
Q

what can mimic an acute avulsion fracture?

A

sesamoid bones
accessory ossification centres in children
old non-united fractures
- all have a completely corticated contour

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7
Q

what aspects of the upper limb can be used to assess bony alignment?

A 
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral
elbow
- radio-capitellar
- humero-capitellar
lateral wrist - between radius, lunate and capitate (should sit on top of each other)
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8
Q

what can cause a displacement of the ulna?

A

supracondylar fracture

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9
Q

what does the lunate look like?

A

cashew nut

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10
Q

where can fat density be seen on a normal x ray and what does this look like?

A

usually sits in front of the elbow

looks darker

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11
Q

what does a posterior fat density pad at the elbow indicate?

A

effusion

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12
Q

how do childrens bones differ to adult?

A

more soft so bend and bow rather than snap or splinter dracture

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13
Q

common types of fracture in children?

A

buckle fracture

greenstick fracture

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14
Q

what can happen to ligaments in children?

A

ligaments or tendons can avulse their soft bony attachments

they pull the bone out of alignment

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15
Q

what is the weakest part of developing bone?

A

growth plate so prone to injury

- can be complicated by growth deformity

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16
Q

where is the epiphysis in normal bones and what can displace this?

A

centred on the metaphysis

can be displaced by fracture

17
Q

what can physes be confused with?

A

fractures

18
Q

what must be kept in mind with young children if injury doesn’t match history?

A

non-accidental injury

19
Q

what is a salter harris fracture?

A

fracture involving epiphyseal growth plate

usually in children

20
Q

what is a bony ring?

A

many bones from rings to help share the transmission of force and increase strength

  • spinal canal
  • pelvis
  • forearm and lower leg
21
Q

what is the significance of bony rings in terms of fracture?

A

difficult to fracture a ring in only one place
(imagine trying to break a polo mint in only one place)
therefore if you see one injury in a bony ring there is likely to be another so must look for it

22
Q

what foreign materials can be seen on X ray?

A

metal and glass
(not wood and plastic)
must be more dense than the soft tissue

23
Q

what can cause large fracture from a trivial njury?

A

skeletal weakening

- focal or whole skeleton

24
Q

likely fracture to occur in elderly osteoporotic lady if falling on outstretched hand?

A

colles fracture

25
Q

how many carpal bones should there be?

A

8

26
Q

what fracture would occur from falling on an outstretched hand in a young child?

A

buckle fracture

27
Q

what fracture would occur from an outstretched hand in adult man?

A

scaphoid

28
Q

post menopausal woman falling on outstretched hand?

A

surgical neck of humerus fracture

29
Q

which shoulder dislocation is more difficult to see?

A

posterior

obtain oblique view as well to see properly

30
Q

what indicates a supracondylar fracture?

A

humero-capitellar malalignment

31
Q

why is a scaphoid fracture difficult?

A

can be very difficult to see (almost invisible)

risk to blood supply - can cause avascular necrosis and eventually lead to secondary OA

32
Q

what is a bennets fracture?

A

involves articular surface of the first metacarpal base

MSK (66 decks)

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