Dissection 10 Flashcards
what are the bones of the pectoral girdle?
clavicle
scapula
humerus?
what is the joint between the clavicle and the scapula called and what type of joint is it?
acromioclavicular joint
plane joint
what is the joint between the humerus and the scapula?
glenohumeral joint
synovial ball and socket joint
what is the joint between the sternum and the clavicle called and what type of joint is it?
sternoclavicular joint
saddle joint
what are the 3 axio-appendicular muscles?
trapezius
serratus anterior
rhomboid minor and major
where does the trapezius originate and attach?
spine of the scapula
attaches all the way down from the occipital bone down the spine
what nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?
CNXI
spinal accessory nerve
where does the serratus anterior originate and insert?
runs between posterior lateral side of scapula around torso and attaches on the ribs
where do the rhomboid muscles attach and insert?
runs between medial posterior scapula and cervical/thoracic spine
where is the rhomboid minor in relation to the rhomboid major?
sits directly above it
where does the levator scapulae attach and insert?
runs between the upper medial scapula and upper cervical scapula
what are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor
subscapularis
where do the rotator cuff muscles attach?
supraspinatous, infraspinatous and teres minor attach at the greater tuberosity of the femur
subscapularis attaches at the lesser tuberosity of the humerus
describe where the rotator cuff muscles sit around the scapula?
subscapularis = anterior surface supraspinatous = posterior surface, above the spine infraspinatous = posterior surface, below the spine
what do the rotator cuff muscles do?
hold the head of the humerous in the glenoid fossa (only 1/3 in contact at one time)
from what nerves does the brachial plexus originate?
anterior rami of C5-T1
what forms the roof of the shoulder?
the acromion of the scapula
what is the scapulothoracic joint?
false joint where the scapula glides over the ribs
what forms the joint capsule in the shoulder?
group of ligaments that connect the humerus to the glenoid
what is the main source of stability in the shoulder?
joint capsule ligaments
what other ligaments exist in the shoulder?
acomioclavicular ligaments
coracoclavicular ligaments
glenois labrum
what is the glenoid labrum?
fibrocartilaginous ligament attached completely within the edge of the glenoid fossa forming a rim around the fossa
what does the glenoid labrum do?
creates a deeper cup for the humerus to sit in
where the biceps tendon attaches to the glenoid
what is the largest/strongest muscles of the shoulder?
deltoid
where does the deltoid muscle attach and insert?
between the spine of the scapula and the deltoid tuberosity on the shaft of the humerus (travels over the shoulder)
what 3 main nerves originate at the shoulder and where do they come from?
radial
ulnar
medial
branches of the brachial plexus
what nerve loops around the back of the shoulder and what does it do?
axillary nerve
supplies sensation to a small area of skin outside the shoulder and motor signals to the deltoid
what artery travels through the shoulder/axilla?
axillary artery
where is the shoulder joint capsule?
glenoid fossa to the anatomical neck of the humerus
what are the 2 layers of the shoulder joint capsule?
synovial (internal)
fibrous (external)
what forms bursae and what do they do?
protrusions of synovial layer of joint capsule into fibrous layer
serve to reduce friction in the joint
what are the main 6 ligaments which stabilise and strengthen the shoulder?
glenohumeral ligament (superior, middle and inferior) = front of joint capsule transverse humeral ligament = between the 2 tuberosities coracohumeral ligement = from coracoid process to greater tuberosity of humerus coracoacromial ligament = from acromium to coracoid process
where is the teres minor?
below the infraspinatous
where is the coracobrachialis?
originates on the coracoid process and inserts on the humeral shaft
where is the latissimus dorsi muscle?
originates at the crest of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus
where does the pectoralis originate?
crest of greater tuberosity of humerus
what are the 5 bursae in the shoulder?
subacromial subdeltoid subcoracoid subtendinous of subscapularis intertubercular synovial sac
what are the branches of the axillary artery which supply the shoulder?
anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
what other vessel contributes to the shoulder blood supply?
suprascapular artery
what nerves supply the shoulder and where do they come from?
axillary nerve and suprascapular nerve
axillary = from brachial plexus
subscapularis = union of C5 and C6
