Week 3 Anatomy Prep Flashcards
what is the name of the joint between the talus and calcaneus?
subtalar joint
what are the 2 midtarsal joints?
calcaneocuboid
talocalcaneonavicular
what type of joint are the midtarsal joints?
synovial
what is the function of the midtarsal joints?
inversion - produced by tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior working together
eversion - produced by fibularis muscles
what joint lies between cuneiforms/cuboid proximally and metatarsals?
tarsometatarsal
what is the function of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction of the digits (toes)
what types of joint are the MTPs?
synovial
what type of joint are the interphalangeals and what do they do?
synovial hinge joints
flexion and extension of the toes
what is the function of the arches of the feet?
provide shock absorption
push off spring action
increased weight bearing capacity by weight redistribution across whole foot
what supports the arches of the feet?
plantar aponeurosis
plantar ligaments
what is the plantar aponeurosis?
thickened central area of the plantar fascia (deep fascia of the foot)
what is the medial longitudinal arch composed of?
bones of the medial aspect of the foot
- calcaneus
- talus
- navicular
- 3 cuneiforms
- metatarsals 1-3
what supports the medial longitudinal arch?
flexor hallicus longus
attachments of tibialis anterior
attachment of fibularis longus
where is the attachment of the tibialis anterior which supports the medial longitudinal arch?
to the junction between the medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal
where does the tendon of the fibularis longus pass?
across the plantar aspect of the bones of the foot from lateral to medial to also attach to the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
what forms the lateral longitudinal arch?
calcaneus
cuboid
metatarsals 4 and 5
what is the function of the lateral longitudinal arch?
lower and less important than the medial longitudinal arch
usually weight bearing on standing
what forms the transverse arch?
cuboid
cuneiforms
bases of all 5 metatarsals
what supports the transverse arch?
tibialis posterior
fibularis longus
how do intrinsic muscles of the foot differ to leg muscles?
leg muscles attach proximally in the leg and insert into the foot
intrinsic muscles of foot attach proximally and distally in the foot
how are the intrinsic muscles of the foot arranged?
located in compartments within the sole, where they are arranged in 3 layers, or between the metatarsals (7 interossei)
what do the sole muscles do?
flexion
what do the interossei muscles do?
abduction/adduction of the toes
what are the 2 dorsal muscles of the foot?
short extensors of the toes
what are the 2 main arteries of the foot?
dorsalis pedis
medial and lateral plantar arteries
what is the dorsalis pedis and what does it branch to give?
branch of anterior tibial artery
branches to give arcuate artery on dorsum of foot
where is the dorsalis pedis pulse taken?
lateral to extensor hallicus longus tendon
what are the medial and lateral plantar arteries?
branches of the posterior tibial artery which contribute to the deep plantar arch
where do metatarsal arteries arise and what do they form?
arise from the deep plantar arch and arcuate artery
branch into digital arteries (4 per toe)
what are the superficial veins of the foot and how do they arise?
dorsal venous arch gives rise to great (medially) and small (laterally) saphenous veins
what are the deep veins of the foot and where do they drain?
small groups of unnamed vessels accompany the arteries and drain into anterior and posterior tibial and fibular veins which join to form the popliteal vein
what is the motor supply to the muscles of the sole?
tibial nerve
what is the motor supply to the muscles of the dorsum?
deep fibular nerve
what is the main sensory nerve supply to the dorsum of the foot?
superficial fibular nerve
what is the sensory supply to the first interdigital cleft of the dorsum of the foot?
deep fibular nerve
what is the sensory supply to the proximal lateral border of the dorsum of the foot?
sural nerve
what is the sensory supply to the proximal medial border of the dorsum of the foot?
saphenous nerve
what is the sensory supply to the heel and majority of sole of the plantar surface of the foot?
mainly tibial nerve
- medial and lateral plantar nerves
what is the sensory supply to the proximal lateral border of the plantar surface of the foot?
sural nerve
what is the sensory supply to the proximal medial border of the plantar surface of the foot?
saphenous nerve
where are the lymphatic vessels which drain lymph from the foot?
accompany the great and small saphenous veins
