Week 3 Eye & Ear

Question 1

Define the role of IOP measurements in glaucoma diagnosis.

Answer 1

IOP measurements are crucial in glaucoma diagnosis as they help assess the pressure within the eye, which is a key factor in determining the risk of optic nerve damage.

Question 2

Explain the significance of laser peripheral iridotomy in glaucoma management.

Answer 2

Laser peripheral iridotomy is significant in glaucoma management as it creates a new drainage pathway for aqueous humor, helping to lower intraocular pressure and prevent optic nerve damage.

Question 3

What are the clinical manifestations of glaucoma?

Answer 3

Clinical manifestations of glaucoma include elevated IOP, tunnel vision, and peripheral vision loss, often leading to permanent blindness.

Question 4

How prevalent is glaucoma in Canada?

Answer 4

Glaucoma is the second most common reason for vision loss in Canadians, affecting 400,000 Canadians each year.

Question 5

How is ‘pupil function’ assessed in an eye examination?

Answer 5

Pupil function is assessed using the PERRLA acronym, which stands for Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation.

Question 6

How does primary open-angle glaucoma develop over time?

Answer 6

Primary open-angle glaucoma develops slowly over many years, typically with no obvious symptoms.

Question 7

What diagnostic studies are used for glaucoma assessment?

Answer 7

Diagnostic studies for glaucoma assessment include slit-lamp microscopy, measures of peripheral and central vision, and direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy.

Question 8

What role do ‘lashes and brows’ play in eye protection?

Answer 8

Lashes and brows help protect the eyes from debris, sweat, and sunlight, contributing to overall eye health.

Question 9

Discuss the clinical manifestations of glaucoma.

Answer 9

Clinical manifestations of glaucoma may include gradual loss of peripheral vision, tunnel vision, and in some cases, sudden eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting.

Question 10

What type of vision loss is commonly associated with glaucoma?

Answer 10

Glaucoma commonly causes tunnel vision or peripheral vision loss.

Question 11

Identify the major risk factor for developing glaucoma.

Answer 11

Advanced age is a major risk factor for developing glaucoma.

Question 12

What is the role of tonometry in eye health?

Answer 12

Tonometry measures the pressure inside the eyes (IOP), screens for glaucoma, and monitors treatment for glaucoma.

Question 13

Define glaucoma and its causes.

Answer 13

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased intraocular pressure. Causes include genetic factors, age, and certain medical conditions.

Question 14

Define primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Answer 14

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type of glaucoma, characterized by elevated IOP due to restricted outflow of aqueous humour.

Question 15

Explain the non-contact tonometry method.

Answer 15

Non-contact tonometry, also known as the eye puff test, measures intraocular pressure without direct contact with the eye.

Question 16

How is ophthalmoscopy utilized in eye examinations?

Answer 16

Ophthalmoscopy uses light and magnification to examine the back of the eye, including the retina and optic nerve.

Question 17

Describe glaucoma and its main characteristics.

Answer 17

Glaucoma is a group of disorders characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), leading to optic nerve atrophy, visual field loss, and possible blindness.

Question 18

Describe the therapy goals for managing Primary Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG).

Answer 18

The therapy goals for managing PACG are to keep intraocular pressure (IOP) low enough to prevent optic nerve damage.

Question 19

How do ‘eyelids’ contribute to eye health?

Answer 19

Eyelids protect the eyes from foreign objects, help spread tears across the surface of the eye, and keep the eyes moist.

Question 20

What is the relationship between inflow and outflow in glaucoma?

Answer 20

In glaucoma, inflow of aqueous humour exceeds outflow, leading to elevated intraocular pressure.

Question 21

How is Primary Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma classified?

Answer 21

Primary Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG) is classified as a clinical emergency that requires immediate intervention.

Question 22

How does a Complete Blood Count (CBC) contribute to understanding organ systems?

Answer 22

A CBC provides valuable information about the hematological system, which can reflect the health and function of various organ systems.

Question 23

Describe the importance of ‘drainage’ in eye health.

Answer 23

Proper drainage, particularly of tears, is essential for maintaining eye moisture and preventing conditions like dry eye syndrome.

Question 24

How can exposure to irritants be reduced for eye health?

Answer 24

Exposure to irritants can be reduced by using protective eyewear and minimizing contact with known irritants.

Question 25

Explain the significance of treating primary open-angle glaucoma.

Answer 25

POAG is largely preventable and treatable, making early detection and management crucial to prevent vision loss.

Question 26

What are the pharmacology associated with glaucoma treatment.

Answer 26

Pharmacology for glaucoma treatment includes medications such as prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, which help lower intraocular pressure.

Question 27

How do beta-blocker eye drops function in glaucoma treatment?

Answer 27

Beta-blocker eye drops, such as timolol maleate (Timoptic), function by reducing intraocular pressure, thereby helping to manage glaucoma.

Question 28

Define ‘extraocular movements’.

Answer 28

Extraocular movements are the movements of the eyes that are controlled by the extraocular muscles, allowing for the coordination of eye movement in different directions.