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Theory > Week 2 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Week 2 Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What defines a drug?

A

A drug is any chemical that affects the physiological processes of a living organism.

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2
Q

What does pharmacology study?

A

Pharmacology is the study or science of drugs.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of a chemical name?

A

A chemical name describes the drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure.

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4
Q

How is a generic name different from a brand name?

A

A generic name is the nonproprietary name, whereas a brand name is a registered trademark of the manufacturer.

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5
Q

Why are drugs classified?

A

Drugs are classified based on their similar properties, including therapeutic and pharmacologic classes.

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6
Q

What are the 3 fundamental steps in medication administration?

A

The 3 steps are Pick, Pour, and Put (away).

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7
Q

What does ‘Right Time’ refer to in medication administration?

A

It refers to administering medications at the correct times as part of medication rights.

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8
Q

What is the role of evaluation in nursing?

A

Evaluation is systematic, ongoing, and assesses goals and outcomes of care.

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9
Q

What are the types of patient responses monitored in medication administration?

A

Responses include therapeutic, toxic, and expected responses.

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10
Q

Why is accurate documentation important in nursing?

A

It ensures effective communication and continuity of care.

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11
Q

What are the ten rights of medication administration?

A

They ensure safe practices in medication delivery, covering aspects such as the right patient, right drug, and right dose.

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12
Q

What are the steps of the nursing process related to pharmacology?

A

Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation guide safe medication practices.

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13
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

The study of how drugs move through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

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14
Q

What is the difference between adverse drug events and adverse drug reactions?

A

Adverse drug events are preventable incidents while adverse drug reactions are non-preventable harmful responses to drugs.

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15
Q

What are the four primary sources of drugs?

A

Plants, animals, minerals, and synthetic processes are the main sources for drug development.

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16
Q

What is pharmaceutics in pharmacology?

A

The science of preparing and dispensing drugs, focusing on dosage and design.

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17
Q

What does pharmacokinetics study?

A

It studies how the body alters the drug.

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18
Q

What are enteric-coated tablets designed for?

A

They dissolve in the intestine to prevent stomach irritation.

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19
Q

What is a key characteristic of combination drugs?

A

They contain more than one active ingredient.

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20
Q

Why are nursing considerations important in medication administration?

A

They ensure proper patient assessment and monitoring for side effects and therapeutic effects.

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21
Q

What are key nursing considerations for pediatric patients?

A

Assess developmental milestones, monitor hydration, and adjust medication dosages by age.

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22
Q

What nursing assessments are crucial for pregnant patients?

A

Monitor maternal and fetal health, educate on prenatal nutrition, and check for complications.

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23
Q

What defines older adult patients in nursing?

A

Patients aged 65 and older are defined as older adults in nursing considerations.

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24
Q

What is polypharmacy and its relevance to older adults?

A

Polypharmacy is the concurrent use of multiple medications, increasing drug interaction risks.

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25
Q

How do physiological changes affect medication response in older adults?

A

Metabolism and pharmacokinetics change, altering medication effectiveness and necessitating careful monitoring.

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26
Q

What is the purpose of the assessment phase in medication administration?

A

To collect comprehensive patient data ensuring safe medication administration.

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27
Q

What key data is essential for understanding a patient’s medication history?

A

Medical history, current medications, allergies, vital signs, and lab results.

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28
Q

What common nursing diagnosis indicates a patient’s lack of understanding about medications?

A

Deficient Knowledge.

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29
Q

What is the goal of the planning phase in medication administration?

A

To establish clear objectives for patient care to ensure effective treatment outcomes.

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30
Q

Why is continuous evaluation important in the medication administration process?

A

To assess patient responses and the effectiveness of nursing interventions for optimal care.

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31
Q

What is distribution in pharmacokinetics?

A

The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action.

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32
Q

What factors affect drug distribution?

A

Blood volume, blood flow, transport proteins, and body mass composition.

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33
Q

What is the definition of metabolism in pharmacokinetics?

A

The biochemical alteration of a drug into different forms.

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34
Q

What is the primary site of drug metabolism?

A

The liver is the most common site for drug metabolism.

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35
Q

What role does the cytochrome P450 system play?

A

It is the primary mechanism through which the liver metabolizes drugs.

36
Q

Why are legal and ethical considerations important in nursing medication administration?

A

They ensure safe practices and adherence to frameworks guiding nursing behavior.

37
Q

What does the Canadian Food and Drug Act regulate?

A

It regulates the approval and use of medications, ensuring their safety and efficacy.

38
Q

What are CARNA Medication Management Standards?

A

Guidelines for nurses to follow for safe medication administration practices.

39
Q

What should a nurse do if a client refuses medication?

A

Follow specific protocols dictated by CRNA standards.

40
Q

How do complementary and alternative therapies differ?

A

Complementary therapies are used alongside conventional treatments, while alternative therapies replace them.

41
Q

What defines enteral routes of drug administration?

A

Administration of drugs through the gastrointestinal tract.

42
Q

What is an example of a topical route for drug delivery?

A

Transdermal patches applied to the skin for systemic effects.

43
Q

How are parenteral routes characterized?

A

Administration of drugs by injection, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.

44
Q

What is the fastest parenteral route for drug administration?

A

Intravenous (IV) route, delivering drugs directly into the bloodstream.

45
Q

What drug administration method involves placing the drug under the tongue?

A

Sublingual (SL) administration.

46
Q

What is the definition of excretion in pharmacokinetics?

A

Elimination of drugs from the body.

47
Q

Which organ is primarily responsible for drug excretion?

A

The kidneys are primarily responsible for renal excretion.

48
Q

What is the significance of half-life in pharmacokinetics?

A

Half-life indicates the time required for serum drug levels to reduce by 50%.

49
Q

What does pharmacodynamics study?

A

Pharmacodynamics studies how drugs alter the body.

50
Q

How do receptor interactions affect drug action?

A

Drugs exert effects by binding to specific receptors in the body.

51
Q

What characteristics must nursing goals exhibit?

A

Nursing goals must be objective, measurable, realistic, and have an established timeframe.

52
Q

What is the purpose of outcome criteria in nursing?

A

Outcome criteria provide concrete descriptions of patient goals and set behavior expectations.

53
Q

What is emphasized in nursing actions during implementation?

A

Nursing actions emphasize patient safety, along with the nurse’s judgment and scope of practice.

54
Q

What are the Ten Rights of Medication Administration?

A

They include right dose, route, time, individual, medication, patient education, care/concept, assessment, refusal, and documentation.

55
Q

Why is patient education included in medication administration rights?

A

Patient education ensures patients understand their medications, promoting adherence and safety.

56
Q

What are the ten rights of medication administration?

A

The ten rights ensure safe medication administration by verifying the patient, medication, dose, route, time, education, assessment, documentation, evaluation, and right to refuse.

57
Q

What is the nursing process in pharmacology?

A

The nursing process involves assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation tailored to pharmacological care.

58
Q

Define pharmacokinetics.

A

Pharmacokinetics is the study of how drugs move through the body, involving absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

59
Q

What are adverse drug events?

A

Adverse drug events are unintended and harmful events that occur as a result of medication use.

60
Q

What considerations are there for older adult patients regarding medication?

A

Medication considerations for older adults include altered pharmacokinetics, polypharmacy, and specific side effect profiles.

61
Q

What does pharmacokinetics study?

A

Pharmacokinetics studies how the body alters a drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

62
Q

What is bioavailability in pharmacokinetics?

A

Bioavailability refers to the extent of drug absorption into the systemic circulation.

63
Q

What are the primary routes of drug administration?

A

Primary routes include enteral, sublingual, buccal, parenteral, topical, transdermal, and inhalation.

64
Q

Why might intravenous administration be preferred over oral for Furosemide?

A

Intravenous administration provides immediate absorption and higher bioavailability compared to oral.

65
Q

What key considerations should be made when choosing a drug administration route?

A

Consider the appropriateness of the route based on pharmacokinetics, particularly absorption and bioavailability.

66
Q

What are common medication orders for pain management?

A

Acetaminophen 325-650mg PO every 2 hours PRN; Morphine 5mg IV every 4 hours PRN.

67
Q

What factors should influence analgesic selection?

A

Consider the patient’s pain level, type of pain, and contraindications for the medications.

68
Q

What is a key step in medication preparation?

A

Check the MAR and ensure correct dosage before medication administration.

69
Q

What assessments are required before medication administration?

A

Assess pain level, monitor for allergies, and evaluate vital signs.

70
Q

What is the first step of the nursing process in pain management?

A

Assessment: Gather information about the patient’s pain and medical history.

71
Q

What is the significance of the 1-Hour Rule in patient assessment?

A

It emphasizes checking clinical response within one hour after administering medication.

72
Q

What are essential tools for monitoring patient conditions?

A

Medical equipment like vital sign monitors and pain assessment tools are essential.

73
Q

How can adverse effects of medications be identified?

A

By recognizing and documenting any negative reactions experienced by the patient.

74
Q

What constitutes objective data in patient assessment?

A

Vital signs and physical observations, such as pressure ulcers and emaciation.

75
Q

What are the nursing priorities for a patient with significant pain?

A

Addressing pain management, preventing skin breakdown, and ensuring nutrition and hydration.

76
Q

What is the difference between generic and trade names of medications?

A

Generic names are non-branded names, while trade names are commercial names given by manufacturers.

77
Q

Why is drug classification important in nursing?

A

It helps understand therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action for effective clinical use.

78
Q

What should a nurse consider regarding drug dosing?

A

Knowledge of appropriate dosing for both adults and children ensures safety and efficacy.

79
Q

What are contraindications in medication administration?

A

Contraindications are specific conditions that prevent the use of certain medications to ensure patient safety.

80
Q

What is a vital aspect of patient/family teaching regarding medications?

A

Education on potential side effects and administration techniques is crucial for adherence and safety.

81
Q

What are synergistic and antagonistic effects in drug interactions?

A

Synergistic effect enhances drug efficacy together, while antagonistic effect reduces one drug’s impact.

82
Q

Define tolerance and dependence regarding drug use.

A

Tolerance requires higher doses for effect, while dependence leads to withdrawal without the drug.

83
Q

What factors influence drug effects in patients?

A

Drug concentration and individual patient condition, including age and health status, affect drug response.

84
Q

What are teratogenic effects?

A

Teratogenic effects refer to drugs causing developmental abnormalities in a fetus during pregnancy.

85
Q

What is the significance of monitoring in pharmacotherapy?

A

Monitoring ensures the safety and efficacy of drug therapy through regular assessment of effects.

Theory (18 decks)

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