Week 3 - Contemporary Social Policy Structures

Question 1

Despite of significant welfare state retrenchment in the latter 20th century, do governments continue to design, fund and deliver social policies in Canada?

Answer 1

yes, BUT non-governmental sectors also play a role

Question 2

There are 7 types of programs & services provided by government or non-government structure:
1). Cash programs
2). Fiscal measures
3). Goods and services measures
4). Employment measures
5). Occupational welfare measures
6). Family care programs
7). Voluntary/charitable programs

which one includes Old Age Security and postsecondary student loans

Answer 2

Cash programs

Question 3

There are 7 types of programs & services provided by government or non-government structure:
1). Cash programs
2). Fiscal measures
3). Goods and services measures
4). Employment measures
5). Occupational welfare measures
6). Family care programs
7). Voluntary/charitable programs

which one includes tax deductions: tuition fees, child-care and RRSP exemptions

Answer 3

Fiscal measures

Question 4

There are 7 types of programs & services provided by government or non-government structure:
1). Cash programs
2). Fiscal measures
3). Goods and services measures
4). Employment measures
5). Occupational welfare measures
6). Family care programs
7). Voluntary/charitable programs

Which one includes hospital insurance and education.

Answer 4

Goods and services measures

Question 5

There are 7 types of programs & services provided by government or non-government structure:
1). Cash programs
2). Fiscal measures
3). Goods and services measures
4). Employment measures
5). Occupational welfare measures
6). Family care programs
7). Voluntary/charitable programs

Which one includes minimum wage legislation and employment equity programs

Answer 5

Employment measures

Question 6

There are 7 types of programs & services provided by government or non-government structure:
1). Cash programs
2). Fiscal measures
3). Goods and services measures
4). Employment measures
5). Occupational welfare measures
6). Family care programs
7). Voluntary/charitable programs

Which one includes pension and insurance plans

Answer 6

Occupational welfare measures

Question 7

There are 7 types of programs & services provided by government or non-government structure:
1). Cash programs
2). Fiscal measures
3). Goods and services measures
4). Employment measures
5). Occupational welfare measures
6). Family care programs
7). Voluntary/charitable programs

Which one includes home-care provisions

Answer 7

Family care programs

Question 8

There are 7 types of programs & services provided by government or non-government structure:
1). Cash programs
2). Fiscal measures
3). Goods and services measures
4). Employment measures
5). Occupational welfare measures
6). Family care programs
7). Voluntary/charitable programs

Which one includes shelters and food banks

Answer 8

Voluntary/charitable programs

Question 9

What is the sector or part of society that includes - Voluntary civic and social orgs and institutions that fall between the private and public sectors

Answer 9

The third sector or civil society (between the governments and private sectors)

Question 10

What is the sector or part of society that is known as non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Answer 10

The third sector or civil society (between the governments and private sectors)

Question 11

What is the sector or part of society that contains advocacy and interest groups

Answer 11

The third sector or civil society (between the governments and private sectors)

Question 12

What is the sector or part of society that includes non-profit and for-profit organizations

Answer 12

The third sector or civil society (between the governments and private sectors)

Question 13

What is the sector or part of society that includes self-help & volunteer organizations

Answer 13

The third sector or civil society (between the governments and private sectors)

Question 14

What is the sector or part of society that includes internet-based social media

Answer 14

The third sector or civil society (between the governments and private sectors)

Question 15

What is the sector or part of society that includes supporting social movements (presidential elections, international democracy movement, and environment conservation)

Answer 15

The third sector or civil society (between the governments and private sectors)

Question 16

Canada is a federal state where political power is divided HOW

Answer 16

between federal and provincial levels.

Question 17

WHAT is the term to describe a political concept in which a group of members are bound together with a governing representative authority. This system is based upon democratic rules and institutions of sharing power between national and provincial governments.

Answer 17

Federalism

Question 18

the following countries have what in common - United States, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, Australia and India.

Answer 18

they are examples of the federation or federal state

Question 19

T/F - The European Union is the pioneering example of federalism in a multi-state setting, the federal union of states.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Which Act from 1867 (although not entirely clear) defined social welfare divisions of that time.

Answer 20

In Canada, the British North America Act 1867

Question 21

Was it the Provincial or Federal government who was responsible for: quarantine (a strict isolation imposed to prevent the spread of disease), marine hospitals, penitentiaries and Aboriginal peoples.

Answer 21

Federal

Question 22

Was it the Provincial or Federal government who deals with: hospitals, asylums, charities, reformatory prisons

Answer 22

Provincial

Question 23

From 1867 to early 20th century was it the provinces and municipal governments OR the federal government who played major roles in social welfare.

Answer 23

provinces and municipal governments

Question 24

Since the Great Depression (around 1929 – 1932/1933) was it the provinces and municipal governments OR the federal government

Answer 24

Federal government became more involved

Question 25

Now, is it the federal government OR provinces and municipal governments who have more taxation powers

Answer 25

Federal - (most of the money goes to federal) over the provinces and municipalities.

Question 26

Over the last few decades, the provinces and territories have had more financial responsibilities of social welfare (especially social assistance).

What are the 3 reasons why?

Answer 26

*Federal government was in debt so it was a way for them to cut costs

*Different provinces have different needs

*Competition between different provinces, provinces with less people go elsewhere

Question 27

WHAT refers to the web of financial flows that link governments in a federal system

Answer 27

The Intergovernmental finance

Question 28

T/F - Transfers refers to the transfer from federal to provinces; provincial to municipal and federal to municipal.

Answer 28

true, the government transfers because some provinces need more money

Question 29

There are 7 types of transfers:
1 - Block grants (general purpose)
2 - Specific purpose grants
3 - Unconditional grants or equalization payments
3.1 - Horizontal fiscal imbalances
3.2 Vertical imbalances
4 - Conditional grants-
5 - One of the purposes for the inter-government transfers through equalization payments

Which one is cash transfer from one level of government to another, the amount not tied to the purpose of the grant.

Answer 29

1 - Block grants (general purpose)

Question 30

There are 7 types of transfers:
1 - Block grants (general purpose)
2 - Specific purpose grants
3 - Unconditional grants or equalization payments
3.1 - Horizontal fiscal imbalances
3.2 Vertical imbalances
4 - Conditional grants-
5 - One of the purposes for the inter-government transfers through equalization payments

Which one is to equalize the provinces.

Answer 30

5 - One of the purposes for the inter-government transfers through equalization payments

Question 31

There are 7 types of transfers:
1 - Block grants (general purpose)
2 - Specific purpose grants
3 - Unconditional grants or equalization payments
3.1 - Horizontal fiscal imbalances
3.2 Vertical imbalances
4 - Conditional grants-
5 - One of the purposes for the inter-government transfers through equalization payments

Which one is cash transfer, amount is tied to specific purpose. An example would be a matched or shared-cost program (federal government and provincial gov. pay a share).

Answer 31

2 - Specific purpose grants -

Question 32

There are 7 types of transfers:
1 - Block grants (general purpose)
2 - Specific purpose grants
3 - Unconditional grants or equalization payments
3.1 - Horizontal fiscal imbalances
3.2 Vertical imbalances
4 - Conditional grants-
5 - One of the purposes for the inter-government transfers through equalization payments

Which one requires no particular commitment tired to an expected type of expenditure and includes two other types of transfers

Answer 32

Unconditional grants, or equalization payments

Question 33

There are 7 types of transfers:
1 - Block grants (general purpose)
2 - Specific purpose grants
3 - Unconditional grants or equalization payments
3.1 - Horizontal fiscal imbalances
3.2 Vertical imbalances
4 - Conditional grants-
5 - One of the purposes for the inter-government transfers through equalization payments

Which one looks at imbalances between richer and poorer provinces. (This is done by transfer from Fed to a prov.)

Answer 33

3.1 - Horizontal fiscal imbalances

Question 34

There are 7 types of transfers:
1 - Block grants (general purpose)
2 - Specific purpose grants
3 - Unconditional grants or equalization payments
3.1 - Horizontal fiscal imbalances
3.2 Vertical imbalances
4 - Conditional grants-
5 - One of the purposes for the inter-government transfers through equalization payments

Which one looks at imbalances between the fiscal capacities of the federal and provinces. (Compared with the EU?) EU may not have these

Answer 34

3.2 Vertical imbalances

Question 35

There are 7 types of transfers:
1 - Block grants (general purpose)
2 - Specific purpose grants
3 - Unconditional grants or equalization payments
3.1 - Horizontal fiscal imbalances
3.2 Vertical imbalances
4 - Conditional grants-
5 - One of the purposes for the inter-government transfers through equalization payments

Which one is tied directly to an expected type of service delivery, such as Canada Assistant Plan (1966-1996) from federal to provincial for the purpose of health care, education and services.

Answer 35

4 - Conditional grants-

Question 36

What are the 2 different kind of income security groups?

Answer 36

Selective/targeting programs AND Universal

Question 37

Which kind of income security groups (Selective/targeting programs OR Universal) is based on Elizabethan poor relief and were brought in Canada

Answer 37

Selective programs (targeting programs)

Question 38

Which kind of income security groups (Selective/targeting programs OR Universal) is when you access social assistance – when you don’t have anything, as a last resort

Answer 38

Selective programs (targeting programs)

Question 39

Which kind of income security groups (Selective/targeting programs OR Universal) targets people who are low income – not everyone gets it

Answer 39

Selective programs (targeting programs)

Question 40

Which kind of income security groups (Selective/targeting programs OR Universal) transfers money from a government to an eligible individual

Answer 40

Selective programs (targeting programs)

Question 41

Which kind of income security groups (Selective/targeting programs OR Universal) is critiqued for - They personalize the problems of poverty, rather than focusing attention on broader societal structure that creates the conditions for poverty

Answer 41

Selective programs (targeting programs)

Question 42

Which kind of income security groups (Selective/targeting programs OR Universal) is critiqued for stigmatizing the people who receive the payment.

Answer 42

Selective programs (targeting programs)

Question 43

T/F - a critique of Universal income security groups/programs is costs of management is higher

Answer 43

False, it’s Selective programs (targeting programs)

Question 44

Under Selective Programs (targeting programs) - Eligibility for UI/EI (unemployment insurance) is based on previous record of working and unemployment. Eligibility for social assistance is based on means tests that estimate what 2 things?

Answer 44

*Financial resources (income, assets, debts)

*Number of dependents, health status

Question 45

Which kind of income security groups (Selective/targeting programs OR Universal) says everyone gets it!

Answer 45

Universal

Question 46

Which kind of income security groups (Selective/targeting programs OR Universal) provides cash benefit to all individuals in a society who fall into a certain category. The rationale is that State is responsible to provide income security for all citizens, for solidarity.

Answer 46

Universal

Question 47

Which kind of income security groups (Selective/targeting programs OR Universal) says eligibility is the right of citizenship, no need for mean-test

Answer 47

Universal

Question 48

Which kind of income security groups (Selective/targeting programs OR Universal) has no stigma for recipients.

Answer 48

Universal

Question 49

Which kind of income security groups (Selective/targeting programs OR Universal) came into the fore during WWII; but they have been eroded over the last 25 years

Answer 49

Universal

Question 50

WHAT is the term for - a cash payment to an individual or family based on a demographic characteristic (usually age), as opposed to need, such as Old Age Security.

Answer 50

A demogrant

Question 51

WHAT refers to selective income security programs that use a means or needs to determine eligibility. It is considered the last resort

Answer 51

Social assistance

Question 52

What helps to improve the living standards of underprivileged groups but cannot be converted to money but confer a benefit

Is it cash benefits OR in-kind benefits

Answer 52

in-kind benefits

Question 53

tax reduction of childcare, housing accommodation, gym memberships, tax-free saving account - Is it examples of cash benefits OR in-kind benefits

Answer 53

in-kind benefits

Question 54

the government wants to target transfers to the needy for efficiency reasons, such as they cannot accurately identify the poor. So, this is called “self-targeting” property of public provision (government doesn’t know who needs it, but if they need it then use it)

Is it cash benefits OR in-kind benefits

Answer 54

in-kind benefits

Question 55

WHAT is the term that describes income security programs in which eligibility for benefit is determined by previous record of contribution and on the occurrence of a particular contingency, such as unemployment, retirement, injury

Answer 55

Social insurance

Question 56

Is social insurance free?

Answer 56

NO - It is not free, it’s a type of insurance (that premiums or contributions are required).

Question 57

Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and EI are example of WHAT

Answer 57

social insurance

Question 58

T/F - EI was UI (1940-1996) UI during welfare state

Answer 58

true

Question 59

Is Money-in-kind program (for Child care expenses can be used as tax credit) and Child disability benefit a Federal or Provincial program

Answer 59

Federal

Question 60

Is Canada Child Benefit (CCB), Veterans’ Pensions, Resettlement Assistance Program, and War Veterans’ Allowances

a Federal or Provincial program?

Answer 60

federal

Question 61

Is Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS, 1966 -) and Spouse’s Allowance (SPA, 1976-)
a Federal or Provincial program?

Answer 61

federal

Question 62

Is Canadian Pension Plan (CPP) /Quebec Pension plan (QPP) (1966-) AND Old Age Security (OAS, 1952-)

a Federal or Provincial program?

Answer 62

federal

Question 63

Is EI a Federal or Provincial program?

Answer 63

federal

Question 64

Is Worker’s compensation (WC, 1914-) AND Social Assistance

a Federal or Provincial program?

Answer 64

Provincial

Question 65

What is the term for when governments reduce the standards or taxes in order to attract or retain economic activity in their jurisdictions, when competition increases between geographic areas. It results in lower wages and worse environmental protections.

Answer 65

race to the bottom

Question 66

What 5 things were the social economic conditions driving the shift from Institutional Approach (Welfare state) to Market-State through 1980s and 1990s in Canada

Answer 66

*There was high public debt
*There was high unemployment rate
*GDP went down Healthcare shift
*NAFTA (when US was lower it’s taxes Canada did same thing)
*Globalization

Question 67

What 7 things does “Race to the Bottom” mean regarding interprovincial diversity and competition between geographic areas in Canada

Answer 67

*Increase private healthcare services from public to private

*Lower wages to attract businesses

*Taxes would be lowered

*Social services would be underfunded and therefore be overloaded

*Financial struggle for employees – could cause social problems i.e. homelessness

*Resentment between provinces could grow (interprovincial tensions)

*Union down and poverty rate would go up (business don’t want unions, but they protect workers)