For Final - Diversity and Social Policy

Question 1

Diversity refers to characteristics of individuals such as WHAT and more importantly diversified WHAT

Answer 1

race, culture, ability, age, gender, and sexual orientation

AND diversified ideas

Question 2

With respect to social policy, diverse peoples do not have different social statuses & social locations in relation to the State and its policies

Answer 2

false

Question 3

Different groups are often treated like WHAT in social policy

Answer 3

categories

Question 4

If all people think the same way what will happen?

Answer 4

• Be complicit to bad things happening
• Life would be boring
• No innovation or evolution
• ***Hegemony (everyone thinks the same way as seen in Germany, communist countries and Japan)
• We are human beings and can make mistakes but if we all think the same then we can’t correct mistakes
• They wouldn’t question rules and norms or systems that could be doing harm
• More competition in certain areas because people will want to do the same thing
• *If everyone thinks the same way it could be more powerful, it would go fast because you wouldn’t question if it was wrong until you hit the wall
• It would be difficult to adapt because everyone is doing the same thing

Question 5

The importance of recognizing diversity:

From the perspectives of individuals, each individual should be treated HOW; each individual has right to achieve his or her aspirations.

Answer 5

equally

*Not everyone has the same desires, we all have different aspirations

Question 6

The importance of recognizing diversity:

From the perspectives of the society, a society formed by diversified individuals is more:
-P
-S
-SU
-less chance to become a WHAT.

Answer 6

productive
stable
sustainable
less chance to become a hegemony.

Question 7

The importance of recognizing diversity:

“Kallen (2004) speaks of “diverse” groups as subordinate populations”

T/F - Society is socially stratified with unequal group relations. AND a human rights perspective based on “universal” ideals of equality & social justice.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

The importance of recognizing diversity:

Kallen explores the tensions between individual and community rights and how these tensions might be resolved through a WHAT approach based on WHAT of all rather than on any single attribute of a person or group

Answer 8

human rights. human rights

Question 9

The importance of recognizing diversity:

“During 1980s, various groups began to WHAT?

Answer 9

criticize the welfare state and its policies

Interest groups (cultural, racial, gender & other identities) brought new demands for a change in policy.

Question 10

The importance of recognizing diversity:

During 1980s there was also a shift in ideology, describe it

Answer 10

They challenged the notion of equal and accessible policy.

• The 1982 Charter of Rights and Freedoms brought new attention of rights

Question 11

The importance of recognizing diversity:

The Charter entrenches the rights of three specific groups differentially, but hierarchically:
1) The group with the most rights protection is WHAT, who are mainly French & British extraction.

They are guaranteed positive rights (obligating the state) what are those 2 rights?

Answer 11

founding peoples

Protection of Catholic and Protestant educational rights
Language rights (English and French are official languages)

Question 12

The importance of recognizing diversity:
The Charter entrenches the rights of three specific groups differentially, but hierarchically:

2) Indigenous peoples are guaranteed WHAT, but the rights are WHAT, non-interference rather than obligation of the state:

These rights include WHAT?

Answer 12

collective rights, “negative” ones

the self government, hunting, fishing and gathering rights, collective land rights, and the right to the preservation of traditional languages, cultures and traditions.

Question 13

The importance of recognizing diversity:
The Charter entrenches the rights of three specific groups differentially, but hierarchically:

3) Other ethnic minorities are not specifically named, or enumerated, in the Charter, are protected only by WHAT

Answer 13

negative, unspecified and undefined rights

Question 14

History & Social Context of Diverse Populations in Canada:

Historically, Canada’s social policy was developed to redress specific inequalities, concerning income, resources based on two principles - what are they

Answer 14

1.Ensuring that vulnerable populations do not fall below established level of quality of life (LICO for example);
* Redistribution is mostly from the government

2. “Acting to effect some redistribution of wealth from those with sufficient resources to those in need” (p. 122-123).

Question 15

T/F - In reality, social policy has never been “the same for all”

Answer 15

true

Different social policies & limitations to assess have always exist for specific populations

Question 16

Ethno-racial Minorities:

T/F - Canadian population has changed dramatically over the last several decades and changes in immigration policy has played an important role.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Ethno-racial Minorities:

Until 1967 immigration was restricted to WHAT, mainly Northern & Western Europe.

Answer 17

“preferred nations”

Question 18

Ethno-racial Minorities:

In 1967, a new liberalized immigration policy started, describe it

Answer 18

– no longer based on source country, but based on characteristics of applicants

• During 1970s-1980s, source countries shifted dramatically from European to Asian, African, South American, and Caribbean

Question 19

Ethno-racial Minorities:
T/F - In the 1950s, over 80% were from Europe and in 2011, 20.6% are foreign born.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Changing patterns of classes of immigrants:

In the 1950s and 1960s, majority of immigrants were the “family-class” - describe that

Answer 20

sponsored by relatives already established in Canada.

Question 21

Changing patterns of classes of immigrants:

In 1994, 46% of new arrivals were “economic” immigrants; in 2014, this number is over 63.3%. Only 25.6% of immigrants were considered “family-class”; 9% were refugees.

Describe “economic” immigrants

Answer 21

Those “economic” immigrants came with necessary skills, education, work experiences, or money (note: almost stopped recently).

Question 22

T/F - The most recent census shows that 52.3% of the recent immigrants live in ON, 17.5% live in QE (they have a language program, but once people complete the program they leave), 16% live in BC, and 9% live in Alberta.

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Changing patterns of classes of immigrants:

In 2002, WHAT permits three basic groups to enter Canada as permanent residents: economic, family class & refugees

Answer 23

Bill C-11 (Immigration and Refugee Protection Act)

Each positioned differently in relation to the state & resources.

Question 24

T/F - Canada takes more refugees in proportion to the US.

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Describe the 2 types of refugees

Answer 25

“Convention” refugees as designated by the United Nations – access to a range of basic programs

Other refugees in need of “protection”, came to Canada without document – must establish credible claim. Those who pass screening are eligible for work permits and some provincial and municipal services.

Question 26

T/F - Immigration policy demonstrates how social policy does not mean the “same for all”

Answer 26

true

Question 27

Indigenous Peoples:

Comprise about 4.3% of the Canadian population

and projections indicate WHAT and DUE TO WHAT?

Answer 27

a higher rate of increases than the total population (by 40% by 2029)

due to rising birth rates and reinstatement or inheritance of status.

Question 28

T/F - There are 11 Indigenous language families, several dozens of dialects among these language groups and about 600 First Nations governments or bands. (Need to include all other groups, Metis and Inuit)

Answer 28

true

Question 29

T/F - It is generally acknowledged that many Indigenous peoples live in impoverished conditions as a result of longstanding severe structural inequalities

Answer 29

true

Question 30

The Indian Act 1876 marked the end of WHAT and replaced it with WHAT

Answer 30

Indian self-government

replaced it with federal control over cultural, social, economic, & political activities of those defined “registered Indians”

Question 31

What happened to those who fell fell outside of this category of “registered Indians”

Answer 31

they became ineligible for benefits of health, education & social services provided in the Indian Act.

Women who married non-registered men lost their status

Question 32

T/F - Indigenous peoples who do fall under the Indian Act access many programs and founding sources differently from non-Indigenous Canadians as a separate category.

Answer 32

true

Question 33

Until 1960, what happened when registered Indians voted in a Canadian election

Answer 33

Indian lose their status and right under the Indian Act

Question 34

Indian Act gave the Federal government OR Provincial government jurisdiction over Indigenous lands, regulations legal rights, inheritance, taxation, wills and many other matters

Answer 34

Federal government

Question 35

Indigenous Peoples:

Education also segregated between the late 19th & mid-20th centuries - describe that

Answer 35

residential schools were the mandated form of educating Indigenous children

Other services to Indigenous people came primarily from the federal government after 1951

Question 36

Indigenous Peoples:

*Currently, except WHAT, most of the provincial governments do not extend services to the reserves.

Answer 36

child welfare

Question 37

Indigenous Peoples:

*Health care, education and welfares are the responsibility of the Fed OR Prov gov?

Answer 37

federal

Question 38

There is longstanding disagreement and unwillingness of federal and provincial governments to accept responsibility for Indigenous peoples’ rights to wellbeing - which led to what 2 things

Answer 38

This led to fragmented, underfunded and poorer quality of services for Indigenous peoples.

This is a kind of “race to the bottom” for the provinces.

Question 39

T/F - Since the early 1800s, the overall policy of the federal government has been assimilation of Indigenous population to the general population

Answer 39

true

Question 40

Indigenous organizations and leaders have called for increasing rights and WHAT

Answer 40

self-government

Question 41

Three main themes has been pursued in the recent political activities of First Nations peoples - what are they

hint = Patern, programs, self

Answer 41

1. Ending the paternalistic relationship that is the legacy of the Indian Act;
2. Devolving social programs from federal and provincial auspices to the First Nations’ control;
3. Working towards self-government

Question 42

T/F - “Social work has traditionally focus on women as clients, and the field is dominated by women” (Note: also for this reason, feminist theory is popular in social work.)

Answer 42

true

Question 43

t/f - In 2016, about 56% of the population aged 65+ are women

Answer 43

true

• We see more women than men in society as women live longer (about 5 years)

Question 44

t/f - Women have not been situated differently from men in relation to the law and paid labor force and welfare

Answer 44

false

Question 45

t/f - A major issue is that women are engaged in the private unpaid work, which is the arrangement of male dominated industrial capitalism, the separation of public and private world

Answer 45

true

Question 46

t/f - Although remarkable increases in women’s participation in the labor force has occurred, most women continue to work in female dominated occupations (lower status & pay).

Answer 46

true

Question 47

t/f - Disabled women living in a household earn an average of $13,000/year (below the LICO).

Answer 47

true

Question 48

t/f - *There were substantial changes in women’s paid labor through the 20th century: from 13% at the beginning of the century to 47% at 2006.

Answer 48

true

*But still, women are highly overrepresented in the 10 lowest-paid occupations and underrepresented in the highest-paid occupations in 2004.

*Secretaries, work on the phone, cashiers

Question 49

t/f - Over the past decades, a range of policy initiatives dealing with the special concerns of women have been developed in women’s shelters, supports for victims of domestic violence, childcare, sexual assault and harassment, and equal pay.

Answer 49

true
* These concerns can be improved by policy

Question 50

In terms of sexual orientation - Countries are more tolerant now as compared to the 1980s?

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

In terms of sexual orientation - “all groups in Canada have historically viewed same-sex relationships in negative terms”.

Answer 51

false

*Some Indigenous “people, for instance, recognize the existence of people who combined aspects of both female and male”

Question 52

In terms of sexual orientation - describe the general climate regarding homosexuality

Answer 52

it has been one of hostility in both public & private life.

Question 53

In terms of sexual orientation - Canada has long had a single law governing same-sex sexual activates: the Criminal Code. As recent as 1967 what happened?

Answer 53

men engaging in sexual activity with other men were considered “dangerous sexual offenders” under the Code

Question 54

In terms of sexual orientation - In recent years, the identification of sexual diverse populations has expanded to include not only lesbians and gays, but also WHO

Answer 54

bisexual, transgender”, intersex, and queer individuals (LGBTQ)

Question 55

t/f - In terms of sexual orientation - The Charter of Rights, Section 15, has been successfully used to challenge traditional laws related to marriage…… By 2003, most of the provinces had passed laws allowing same-sex marriage

Answer 55

true

Question 56

In terms of sexual orientation - in 2005, “the Civil Marriage Act, Bill C-38 was passed - what did it do

Answer 56

permitting legal marriage between same-sex partners

Question 57

In terms of Ability - Disablement is defined by WHO as the following three dimensions - what are they?

Answer 57

impairment, disability and handicap.

Question 58

In terms of Ability - In 1981, the UN designated that year as the ‘International Year of Disabled Persons’, which lead to WHAT

Answer 58

significant support and publicity for disability issues.

Question 59

The Canadian government responded to the UN attention with ‘Obstacles’ written by the Special Committee on the Disabled & Handicapped with articulated 3 goals - what are they

1.R & D
2.Empowerment to participate in WHAT about their lives and futures, and
3. WHAT providing the means to participate

Answer 59

1. Respect & dignity;
2. Empowerment to participate in decision making about their lives and futures, and
3. Accommodations providing the means to participate

Question 60

T/F - In terms of Ability - Since 1980s, there have been more policy moves in Canada regarding disability:
*Canada’s Employment Equity Act of 1986,
*Disability is included in the human rights legislation of federal & provincial governments

Answer 60

true

Question 61

two basic approaches to disabilities have shaped social policy over the past decades - what are they

Answer 61

biomedical model and Human Rights Model

Question 62

Is it the biomedical model OR the Human Rights Model that says

*People with disabilities are positioned as “other” and then be considered as having little to contribute to society.

Answer 62

bio

Question 63

Is it the biomedical model OR the Human Rights Model that says

• “Another version focuses less on the impairment itself and more on the limitations imposed on an individual’s functional ability”

*This idea leads to a goal of living as “normally” as possible.

Answer 63

bio

Question 64

Is it the biomedical model OR the Human Rights Model that…

tries to help people overcome their problem to work normally (i.e. on a micro level if they lost their arm and have a prosthetic)
* More micro approach

Answer 64

bio

Question 65

Is it the biomedical model OR the Human Rights Model that…

has a focus on the social and economic conditions that impede full participation in social, political and economic life

and a focus on sites for state intervention, resulting in the adaptation of social and physical environments that act as barriers to participation

Answer 65

human rights

Question 66

Is it the biomedical model OR the Human Rights Model that…

*looks beyond specific contexts to examine broad underlying factors that prevent “some groups from participating in society as equals”. Impairment is then one of many determinants of exclusion.

Answer 66

human rights

Question 67

Does the how and where economic, social, and political activities are distributed across the vast geographical area of the country relate significant for social policy in Canada?

Answer 67

yes

Question 68

In terms of Geography -

t/f - Externally, neighboring with US, which determines many social economic aspects of the country, good or bad

Answer 68

true

Question 69

In terms of Geography -

Internally, there are a few important relationships

Answer 69

true

Question 70

In terms of the Metropolis-hinterland relations -

Social policy is urban focused - what does that mean?

Answer 70

it overlooks differences relevant to rural, northern and remote areas.

Question 71

In terms of the Metropolis-hinterland relations -

*The metropolitans have the advantages of scales. What does that mean?

Answer 71

there are more resources, cities are more efficient with more people together.

Question 72

In terms of the Metropolis-hinterland relations -

A country, or a region, that heavily relies on natural resources will soon or later lag behind, as experienced in many countries - what does this mean

Answer 72

you can run out of resources and they are resource-intensive to extract

*One thought is that if you have resources you are well off, but if you have forests you need forest workers, if you have coal you need coal workers, whereas the Japanese got into technology

Question 73

In terms of the Reginal Disparities:

t/f - Although regional convergence in income in Canada has been considered as a long term trend since the end of World War II, recent data clearly indicate the increase in regional income inequality since the late of 1990s based on author’s calculation on data of Statistics Canada

Answer 73

true

• i.e. some provinces the wages are lower and this contributes to reginal differences

Question 74

In terms of the Reginal Disparities:

If this upward interprovincial income inequality is intensifying the migration from the poor provinces to the rich provinces as indicated in Coulombe’s (2006) study - what will happen?

Answer 74

the regional inequality will be long lasting.

Question 75

In terms of Diversity & Social Policy:

t/f - Diversity raises the questions for understanding the specific cultural, language, social and economic situations of particular people and families in policy making and social services.

Answer 75

true

Question 76

In terms of Diversity & Social Policy:

t/f - Today, social workers are adding cultural competence to make them particularly well-equipped to deliver effective and appropriate services for their clients.

Answer 76

true

Question 77

Describe 4 components from the Human rights model (it is macro policy, structural)

Answer 77

-This model fits with social work values (autonomy, self-determination)

-Treats people like individuals and not their disabilities

-Address the structures and obstacles that people are facing

-It can focus more on strengths and contribution of individuals in society