MASH UP FOR FINAL EXAM Flashcards
Evelyn Kallen’s book “Social Inequity and Social Injustice” holds the opinion that all injustices are socially constructed and maintained through violations of human rights on the grounds of race, gender, sexuality, etc.
Human rights approach is based on what?
based on common humanity of ALL not just one group or person
-There are 3 categories of people in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms:
Founding Peoples: They have the most rights and protections. Mostly European descent (French and British)
They are guaranteed what rights and what does that mean?
“positive” rights.
Meaning the state or government will get involved to enforce and protect these rights (Catholic Schools are protected (no other religious denomination of school is protected) and the French and English language (again, no other languages are protected under this right – just look at all of our packaging!)
-There are 3 categories of people in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms:
Indigenous peoples are guaranteed what rights and what does that mean?
collective rights but these are “negative” meaning they are not to be interfered by the state or government. The term “negative” does not mean “bad” here – it means a “lack of” (lack of state interference)
For example: self-governance, hunting and fishing rights, land rights, etc.
In terms of Ethno-Racial minorities, until WHEN was it only preferred nations and who were they
until 1967, Northern and Western Europeans
In terms of Ethno-Racial minorities, in the 1970s and 80s what was the change
change in source countries
when was it that 80% of people were from Europe
1950s
What type of refugee is designated by UN and had access to a range of programs and full participation rights ?
Define Protection Refugee?
convention refugee
in need of protection – no documents, must pass screening and eligible to work; has some access to provincial and municipal services
What % of the population is Indigenous
are they the fastest growing population in Canada (due to high birth rates and reinstatement of status?
4.3% and YES
How many Indigenous language families and many dialects?
Approx how many First Nations governments or bands. This does not include Metis or Inuit.
What type of inequalities do they experience
11 and 600 and structural
The Indian Act of WHEN ended Indigenous self-governance and put WHO in charge?
This meant the federal government had WHAT?
1876
the federal government
control over their culture, as well as social, economic and political activities.
Up until WHEN, any status Indian who voted in the Canadian election lost WHAT
1960
their status and rights.
Education for Indigenous peoples was forcefully segregated - predominantly in the late WHEN
19th until the mid-20th century
Health care, education and social welfare for Indigenous Peoples are all the responsibility of WHO
Provinces only cover WHICH
the Federal Government.
provinces cover child welfare
The three main political plights of Indigenous peoples are:
End WHAT that is the legacy of the Indian Act;
Allow First Nations governments to control WHAT – not the federal or provincial government
WHAT-governance is the goal
paternalistic relationship
social programs
Self-governance
In 2016 what % of the population was women over 65+
56%
t/f - Women do not continue to over-represent lower status jobs and lower paying jobs (and underrepresented in the highest-paid occupations)
false - they do
t/f - 2.4 million women in Canada are in poverty (below the LICO)
true
Disabled women earn 13K or 15K per year (well below lico)
13K
T/F - The average income for Indigenous women is $21, 733 (compared to $30K for Indigenous men)
true
The Charter of Rights was used to challenge traditional marriage laws and by WHEN, most provinces allowed same sex marriages
By WHEN, it became legal to marry in ALL provinces.
2003
2005
In In 1981 or 2000 there was significant support and change from the UN for disabled persons.
1981
There were 3 goals written by the Special Committee on the Disabled & Handicapped in Canada. These goals were given to the UN:
R & d
Empowerment to participate in WHAT about their lives and future
WHAT providing the means to participate
Respect & dignity
decision making
Accommodations
Since the WHEN , more and more policy moves have been implemented in Canada:
The Canada WHAT equity act (1986)
Disability is included in the WHAT legislations
80s
employment
human rights
Rioux and Samson detail two approaches that have shaped social policy for disabled persons:
Which one is -
assumes disabled people have an “abnormality” that can be fixed through medical intervention
Disabled people are considered as “other” and considered as having little to contribution to society
The focus is on what the disabled person “can’t do” – the goal here is to live as “normally” as possible.
o The biomedical model
**They think the person doesn’t contribute and wants to ‘fix’ them
Rioux and Samson detail two approaches that have shaped social policy for disabled persons:
Which one is -
A focus on the social and economic conditions that impede full participation in social, political and economic life”
The government should intervene and provide accommodation for social and physical barriers that allow disabled persons to participate.
Human Rights model
**The state should intervene so people can participate
social policy is urban focused - what does that mean?
overlooks major differences between urban and remote communities (Think of Ford and his ignorance on our issues here in Thunder Bay and his complete lack of concern for Northern communities).
These northern / Hinterland lands have been exploited for their WHAT. This usually causes a boom in the economy, but when the resources dry up and are depleted, so too does the employment. This can also affect the environments of these communities.
natural resources
There has always been some inequity among provinces since WHEN.
As of late, there is an upward trend of interprovincial income inequality. This causes WHAT
WWII
an internal migration from poor provinces to richer ones (which in turn, perpetuates the inequality). Think of the oil boom in the early 2000s and how many from the east coast moved away.
What % of people live within 400kms from the US (often between Quebec and Windsor)
What % of population occupies the North (80% of the land)
80%
1% (only 250 small communities) only 10 thousand people
WHAT competence has helped social workers deliver appropriate services to clients
Cultural competence
Why do we study policy in social work?
1. Policies will ? our clients
2. Understanding ? - as Social programs are ? by governments
3. We need to know who ? and who does not from a specific policy
4. Why policies ? and some do not
5. To better understand the ? where we live and work (Macro and Micro/”person in environment”)
affect
funding
benefits
change
social environment
using social work skills to propose and change policies to achieve the goal of social and economic justice. It is an integral element of social work practice in all settings—at the local, provincial, and national levels, as well as within micro, mezzo, and macro levels of intervention - is called what
policy practice
t/f - Before the mid 20th century, social systems were in place for the deserving poor and were thought to be perfect.
What changed since the mid 20th century?
true
social Work began to look at human behaviours AND their social environment.
o We recognize that systems and environment can either provide or inhibit a person from reaching their goals.
Mills’ saw that WHOSE problems must be looked at and understood from a systems perspective and seen as public issues
individuals
Which theory holds a similar view of individual problems = public issues
Feminist Theory
- Focuses on gender inequality and is frequently used by social workers
- Examines women’s social roles, experiences, interests and politics
With Systems Theory - think Biology first!!
systems thinking means – WHAT approach to reductionism (individual parts to better understand the whole).
Systems Theory - Doesn’t reduce the entity (person) to its elements (cells) but instead focuses on the relationships among WHAT
holistic
the parts connected as a whole (the environment and the persons social network).
Systems Theory says - a change in one part of the system can WHAT
and is the foundation of WHAT
impact the whole.
the person-in-environment theory
Critical theory focuses on WHAT and the relationship to WHAT of certain groups (race, class, gender)
macro structures
oppression
**This helps clients to recognize the structural causes of their problems
-Focused more on consciousness raising and collaboration to challenge traditional structural powers.
Community Development Models:
Community work can involve:
o WHAT communities that share common interests (such as culture or language);
o Helping communities become more WHAT (building capacity)
o Participating in WHAT planning
o Taking social WHAT
Geographical
self-sufficient
social
action
In terms of Policy & Practice:
- policy determines major g? of s?. Policy is shifting away from universal & accessible social welfare services to a more scaled back, fiscally reduced & privatized service delivery (in the last 20 years).
-policy determines the WHAT of the clientele. Policies grant services based on marital status, physical or mental abilities, age, immigration status etc.
- policy may spec? & res service options
- policy can determine the theoretical or id? focus of service.
major goals of service
characteristics
specify & restrict
ideological
Skills Required for Policy Practice:
- WHAT skills to collect data, identify policy options and merits of these options & draft proposals;
- WHAT skills to gain and use power, study the feasibility, find resources and propose political strategies;
- WHAT skills to generate contacts and build networks;
- WHAT clarification skills to identify and rank moral and ethical issues in proposed strategies
Analytical
Political
Interactional
Value
A policy is a system of principals to guide decisions to achieve a goal.
These decisions are made a) based on certain WHAT , b) to achieve stated or intended WHAT and c) through the stated WHAT to achieve these goals.
principles or ideologies
goals
actions
If the policy affects you, you are a WHAT
stakeholder. Governments and decision makers who make the policy are also stakeholders.
Policy Analysis focuses on:
o The ? of the policy
o What the policy ? to do
o What is ?
o What are the ?
o How the powerholders are going to deal with the
purpose
promises (goals that reflect values)
done
consequences
negative consequences
Which approach to policy-making says -
begins with global objectives based on social values – these values are translated into public policies, social institutions and social services
Comprehensive Approach
What term assumes when people make decisions, their decision-making (rationality) capacity is limited (bounded) by the available information, their cognitive abilities, time, etc
who came up with this model
o Bounded rationality
Simon
Which model says -
This model follows this sequence of tasks:
o Identify and clarity the social ?
o Identify ? with respect to that problem (rank them in order of importance)
o Develop ? & ? for the problem or ways to accomplish the goals of the policy
o Examine all possible ? of implementing these solutions (consequences as well)
o Decide on which of the ? best achieves the goal or solves the problem.
The Rational Model (Simon)
problem
goals
strategies & solutions
outcomes
policies
who made the Incremental Model?
Describe the model
- Lindblom
-The incremental model makes small incremental changes to existing policies.
-The Rational-Comprehensive models is the “root method” (think of root as hidden – as in, all the outcomes aren’t able to be seen) and the Incremental is the “branch method” (Think of branch as continually growing and changing from the current landscape; branching out; small step-by-step)
this limitation is related to which model?
are limited in that they cannot accurately predict the consequences unless there is sufficient knowledge of the problem and unless there is an agreement on the objective of the policy.
rational-comprehensive models
which model has become more popular over the last 60 years
Incremental Model
which model (with the person’s name) says it is the bridge between the rational-comprehensive and incremental
Describe it
Mixed-Scanning Model (Etzioni)
- It suggests that policy issues need to be addressed by rational decision-making first, and then small adjustments can be made to the policy.
- For example: Think of the way doctors make decisions. Physicians know what they want to achieve and which parts of the organism to focus on (unlike incrementalists). And unlike rationalists, they do not commit all of their resources on the basis of the preliminary diagnosis and they do not wait for every possible scientific data to be produced before initiating treatment. They instead, survey the general health of the patient, then zero in on their complaint. They then initiate a tentative treatment. If this works, then good. If not, they will try something else.
Which model and name says - social and public policies are a choice between competing values (the input). The outcomes of the policy are the “output”
-The output is dependent on the ? ; or, the consequences and outcomes of the policy are dependent on the ? of those making the policy or assessing the policy.
Rein’s Model The Values competition model
input & values
What is the term for - When the policy is made based on values and ideology rather than real world needs.
- Detached ideology
Which model and name - supports both the comprehensive approach and Rein’s Model.
Gil’s Social Justice model
Which model says -
-Policies are guidelines for behaviours that are based on social context (think of laws).
-Good policies should be concerned with both ensuring basic needs, but also enhancing the lives of individuals.
Gil’s Social Justice model
This example is from which model?
consider an entrepreneur who is launching his third or fourth startup. When he runs into a problem, his first thought might be to draw on experience: reach into the garbage can for one of the solutions he’s used in similar situations before.
The Garbage Can Model (Cohen, et al
Problem solving in this model is an mess where decision-makers simply seize the first solution they dredge out of the trash.
which model describes three types of policy processes (these are seperate)
Problems
Solutions
politics
The Garbage Can Model
which model says -
All people operate individually and independently until a crisis occurs that requires all three to come together resolving the crisis depends on:
-how the public views the problem,
-what the current political agenda is,
-who the participants are
The Garbage Can Model
In sum:
We can plan everything in policy-making like the ? model but the success of the planning is limited by our own knowledge and feasibility. This can prevent us from predicting outcomes and consequences.
rational
In sum:
We need to know the ? behind the policy, otherwise we cannot properly evaluate or analyze it (according to Rein).
values
In sum:
T/F - Remember there are differences in what is feasible with these models. Gil’s model is a good example of what should be where as the GCM is an example of what is most likely to happen in reality.
true
How many Members of Parliament in WHERE?
338 in the House of Commons
Governor General conforms to where?
Political party with the most seats or the Cabinet (which is headed by the Prime Minister)
The executive of the Government is who?
and describe them
Cabinet
small group of MP known as Ministers, they are selected by the PM to lead specific ministries
Policy implementation is at the later stage of the policy cycle when what happens?
Policy implementation has three key elements (O, I, A)?
Implementation of a social policy resides with who?
the adopted policies are put into effect
Organization, Interpretation, and Application
Executive branches of government (Cabinet)
Elected members of the provincial parliament in Ontario are called?
Members of the Provincial Parliament (MPP)
Elected members of the provincial parliament in all other provinces are called?
Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA)
Elected members of the provincial parliament in Quebec are called?
Members of the National Assembly (MNA)
Elected members of the provincial parliament in Newfoundland & Labrador are called?
Members of the House Assembly (MHA)
In terms of recent immigrants:
52.3% live where?
17.5% live where (think language program)
16% live where (think beautiful)
9% live where (think don’t want to go back)
Ontario
Quebec
BC
Alberta
