For Final - Policy Analysis and Models

Question 1

A policy can be defined as a deliberate system of princ? to guide deci? selected by a government/institution to achieve rational goa?

Answer 1

principles

decisions

goals

Question 2

policy decisions are made:

-based on certain basic ?
-to achieve stated / intended?
-through the stated ? to achieve these goals.

Answer 2

principles / ideologies

goals

actions

Question 3

WHAT examines what they say they are doing if they have achieved the goal

Answer 3

Policy analysis

Question 4

WHAT is a technique used in public administration to enable civil servants, activists, and others to examine and evaluate the available options to implement the goals of laws and elected officials.

Answer 4

Policy analysis

Question 5

Who does policy analysis?

-Gov? do policy analysis for the purpose of evaluation (they own the most information). However, they may highlight ? outcomes and hide ? outcomes of a policy.

-The ? parties may focus the ? outcomes.

-Independent organizations, individual researchers and individual citizens as stakeholders may do policy analysis for the sake of research interests and the interests of the public.

Answer 5

Governments & positive & negative

opposite & negative

Question 6

T/F - Only decision makers can make policy, however everyone can do a policy analysis for different reasons

Answer 6

true

Question 7

policy analysis focuses:

• Identification of the purp? of the policy,

-What is prom?, (Goals that reflect values),

-What is don?,

-What are the cons?,

-How the powerholders deal with the ? consequences

Answer 7

purpose

promised

done

consequences

negative

Question 8

T/F - The process and models are different for different models of policy-making and policy analysis.

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Which model - compares countries to each other based on social indicators such as poverty, the social equality of women, quality and availability of education, spending on health care as a percentage of GNP, criminal rates and correctional services, and child welfare, migration (more people immigrate to Canada)

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 9

Comprehensive approach

Question 10

T/F - With the Comprehensive approach:

These social indicators reflect how public policies, social institutions, social programs and social services actually work, and provide a comprehensive overview of a nation’s social policies.

Answer 10

true

Question 11

With the Comprehensive approach:

T/F - analyses of these social indicators do not provide a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of various national social policies.

Answer 11

false - they do provide a comprehensive understanding

Question 12

Which model ranks nations based on social indicators.

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 12

Comprehensive approach

Question 13

Which model begins with global objectives based on social values and then translates these values into comprehensive public policies, social institutions, social programs and social services.

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 13

Comprehensive approach

Question 14

The drawbacks of WHICH MODEL are that different countries have different social contexts (different combinations of demographic, historical, social, economic and political contexts and conditions). Applying this approach does not guarantee the same outcomes for a different country.

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 14

Comprehensive approach

Question 15

Which model is based on the idea of bounded rationality?

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 15

Rational Model,

Question 16

WHAT assumes that when people make decisions, their rationality is limited by:

the available information
the tractability of the decision problem
the cognitive limitations of their minds
the time available to make the decision.

Answer 16

Bounded rationality

Part of the Rational Model

*It is an alternative model for the mathematical modeling of decision-making which assumes full rationality

Question 17

The Rational Model uses a sequence of tasks:

-identify and clarify a social ?

-identify and rank ? with respect to the problem

-develop ? to remedy the problems or accomplish the goals

-carefully examine all possible ?

-decide on which ? best achieves governmental/organizational goals

Answer 17

problem

goals

strategies

outcomes

policy

*this model recognizes the limitations of people’s information and the limitation to predict the outcomes, it assumes that the above-mentioned tasks can be achieved.

Question 18

Limitations of rational-comprehensive models is that there must be :

• agreement on objec? (political feasibility)
• sufficient know? base (i.e. if we do this we’ll have this outcome, but we’ll never have enough information)

Answer 18

objectives & knowledge

Question 19

Which model views policy-making as “muddling through” by making incremental adjustments (piece by piece) to already existing policies.

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 19

Incremental Approaches

Question 20

In stead, incremental model

T/F - Lindblom (1959) refers to the rational-comprehensive approach as the “root method” and the incremental approach as the “branch method.”

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Describe the Branch Method as part of the Incremental Approach

Answer 21

the branch method continually builds on policy from the current landscape, branching out step-by-step and by small degrees.

Question 22

Which model says - Policy-making and analysis are not created as a means-end approach, it is a consecutive approximation to a desired objective, or policy intent, in which the intent itself continues to change.

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 22

Incremental Approaches

Question 23

These Benefits are part of which model:

-Most likely to be understood and accepted.

-Steps can be made quickly because they are only incremental.

-By proceeding through a succession of incremental changes, serious lasting mistakes can be avoided.

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 23

Incremental Approaches

Incrementation change is better than radical change where there is pushback from people and could cause big mistakes

Examples – Canadian government adding dental coverage to the health care policy. Like an Olympic running who increases their speed incrementally to be very fast and smooth

Question 24

T/F - Weakness of which model?

-Limitation of analysis to a few somewhat familiar policy alternatives.

-It is a sequence of trials, errors, and revised trials.

-It explores only some, not all, of the important possible sequences of a considered alternative.

-Fragmentation of analytical work to many partisan participants in policy making, each attending to their piece of the overall problem domain.

-Preoccupied with resolving local or immediate issues stemming from social policy and do not pay attention to the causes of the problem in the first place.

Answer 24

incremental approach

Question 25

Which model tries to bridge the gap of Rational and Incremental models

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 25

Mixed Scanning Model

Question 26

Which model - suggests that substantive political and social issues need to be addressed by rational decision-making; after that, adjustments need to be made to the policy to reflect unforeseen social realities and unintended consequences:

Policy agenda: priority manner,
Policy formulation: in acceptable ways,
Policy adaptation
Policy implementation
Policy evaluation.

Answer 26

Mixed Scanning Model

Question 27

These are limitations to which model

-assumes that once a problem is identified, something will be done about it;

-ignores power and how it’s distributed;

-“does not assign social workers responsibility to bring about change”

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 27

Mixed Scanning Model

*this model may be closer to what we are doing now generally.

Question 28

Which model theorizes that social and public policies are a choice between competing values – known as the “input”

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 28

Values Competition Model (Rein’s model)

**he describes the outcomes of social policy as the “output.”

Question 29

Which model says - the consideration of various consequences (intended or unintended) is dependent on the values of those assessing policy.

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 29

Values Competition Model (Rein)

Question 30

When the debate about values is limited to ideology rather than the real world and the needs of real people, social policy suffers from WHAT

Answer 30

detached ideology

Question 31

What is the term for - policy choices are made according to values without regard to the outcomes and consequences to others.

Answer 31

detached ideology

Residential schools and the Indian Act

Question 32

Which model supports a comprehensive approach to social policy analysis as well as Rein’s value model.

and says - Social policies are guidelines for behaviors that have evolved through societal processes

Comprehensive approach, Rational Model, Incremental Approaches, Mixed Scanning Model, Values Competition Model (Rein), Social Justice Model (Gil’s), The Garbage Can Model.

Answer 32

Social Justice Model (Gil’s)

Question 33

Which model says - Good social policies should be concerned not only with life-sustaining activities that ensure minimum basic needs, but also with life enhancing activities that stimulate human potentials

Answer 33

Social Justice Model (Gil’s)

Question 34

Which model says - Social policies are potentially powerful instruments for planned comprehensive social change.

Answer 34

Social Justice Model (Gil’s)

Question 35

Which model - disconnects problems, solutions and decision makers from each other. Decisions do not follow a rational order from problem to solution but outcomes of several relatively independent streams of events within the organization.

Answer 35

The Garbage Can Model

Question 36

Which model describes three types of policy processes (these are separate)
Problems
Solutions
politics

Answer 36

The Garbage Can Model

Question 37

Which model says - All people operate individually and independently until a crisis occurs that requires all three to come together resolving the crisis depends on:

how the public views the problem,
what the current political agenda is,
who the participants are

Answer 37

The Garbage Can Model

Question 38

Which model does not state what should be, but just describe what is more likely the case in reality. It’s not an efficient model.

Answer 38

The Garbage Can Model

Question 39

From which model do we know - We can plan everything in policy-making. However, the limitations of our knowledge and feasibility (including the agreement of the goals) prevent us to predict the outcomes and the consequences of the policy.

Answer 39

rational model approach

Question 40

From which model do we know - We need to know the principles or values behind a policy. Otherwise, we cannot even evaluate a policy.

Answer 40

From Rein’s model

Question 41

T/F - Many factors can derail the policymaking process.

Answer 41

true

Question 42

There are four main types of pressure groups that can influence policy in Canada:

?groups, Canadian Manufacturers Association, and Business council on National Issues,

? groups, The Canadian Labour Congress,

?groups, CASW and Canadian Association of School of Social Work Education (CASSWE),

? groups, Canadian Council of Social Development, National Anti-Poverty Organization &The National Council on Welfare.

Answer 42

Business groups

Labour

Professional

Advocacy

Question 43

T/F - The actual policy-making in practice may not follow any clear pattern. It can be irrational, arbitrary like the Garbage Can Model, and long-lasting.

Answer 43

true