Mashup with all units

Question 1

Describe the ecological footprint

Answer 1

it represents the impact of each person’s (in hectares) impact on the environment in terms of consumption of fossil fuels, production, misuse of forests / water, and human settlement

Question 2

What is Canada’s ecological footprint?

Answer 2

7.01 global hectares / person)

Question 3

Describe murphy’s law and how it relates to the environment

Answer 3

“anything that can go wrong will go wrong”, so eventually our misuse of the environment will go wrong and cause serious problems

Question 4

Globalization is a current and pervasive trend internationalized in the four areas of what?

Answer 4

Finance, communication, ideology, and political arrangements

Question 5

Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) formed in 1970s and they did what?

Answer 5

they controlled the production so the oil price was high

Question 6

What does NAFTA stand for and how does it impact Canada?

Answer 6

North American Free Trade Agreement (1994). It impacts Canada because we follow the taxation and regulations closer to the US and Mexico (impacts Canadian workers)

Question 7

How do consumers benefit from globalization but how do workers suffer?

Answer 7

Consumers can buy cheaper goods, but workers may face international competition (risk of loosing their jobs if the company goes elsewhere) and lower wages to compete with international levels.

Question 8

Globalization has done what to international relations, which has increased which ideology?

Answer 8

It has transformed international relations. As such liberal democracy has triumphed communism

Question 9

Globalization is doing what to communist countries?

Answer 9

It is causing them to transition to market economies (even if they don’t drop the communist ideology officially or not)

Liberal democracy is taking over!

Question 10

We are entering an era of global political arrangements with which emerging powers (BRICS + I)?

Answer 10

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, AND Indonesia

A third of the wealth is in the hands of 200 corporations (as companies are merging together and countries like Iceland have low corporate tax)

Question 11

Because of globalization, in Canada neo-liberal institutions argue for what two things?

Answer 11

They argue for the interests of multinational corporations AND market state approach to social welfare.

Question 12

T/F - it is easy for governments to control international corporations?

Answer 12

False, they have trouble controlling taxation, salaries, and workplaces

Question 13

In terms of social welfare, since the 1980s the federal and provincial governments have done what, what caused this action and what are the reasons / themes why?

Answer 13

withdrawn their support and this was caused by high government debt and globalization leveling labor and social welfare

the reasons and themes behind this is that social welfare is too expensive and causes dependency

Question 14

Marshall’s “Social Citizenship” developed in 3 stages which happened in the 18th century?

Answer 14

Civil rights - focusing on property, legal rights, and due process

Question 15

Marshall’s “Social Citizenship” developed in 3 stages which happened in the 19th century?

Answer 15

political rights

Question 16

Marshall’s “Social Citizenship” developed in 3 stages which happened in the 20th century?

Answer 16

social rights - the development of social welfare and economic security

Question 17

In Canada, entitlements of social citizenship was met through federal programs like Canada Assistance Plan, what did the CAP transition to and what grants are involved now and describe the grant

Answer 17

It became the Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST) and uses block grants.

Block grants are cash transfers that are not tied to a purpose. The federal government was saying that the provinces are now responsible to spend money how they want

Question 18

Which program - allowed provinces and the federal government to cost-share on a fifty– fifty basis education, health care, and social welfare services. Provinces administered these services and received federal money, subject to federal standards

Answer 18

Canada Assistance Plan which transformed in 1996 to the Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST), with looser federal standards.

Question 19

Which program obligated provinces to provide for people in need, prohibited workfare and discrimination, and required the development of an appeal system at the provincial level

Answer 19

The Canada Assistance Plan

Question 20

Describe civil society which is growing and transcending national boundaries, which programs is is involved with

Answer 20

The civil society or the third sector, is between the government and the private/market sector. It reflects the interests and will of the citizens

It is in NGOs, social organizations, voluntary civic, advocacy / interest groups, non profit, self-help, volunteer organizations, internet-based social media, supporting social movements (i.e. elections, environmental conservation)

Question 21

In terms of social inclusion - when thinking about making a policy 4 factors are involved, what are they?

Answer 21

1- includes power relations in the analysis
2- can include many levels of experience (i.e. quality of life / rights)
3- involves the “social” - society is the focus not just the poor
4- highlights process or outcome (so the process of becoming poor as opposed to measuring poverty along)

Question 22

The ideology behind universal programs is what?

Answer 22

social inclusion

Question 23

Globalization has caused:

1- OPEC and WTO (Maastricht Treaty) to what?

NAFTA was what?

TPP was what?

Answer 23

1- reduce their functions
2 - was renegotiated
3 - ceased

Question 24

Globalization has caused:

1- OPEC and WTO (Maastricht Treaty) to what?

2 - NAFTA was what?

3 - TPP was what? Trans-Pacific Partnership, Canada joined then dropped out

4 - and who left the EU

Answer 24

1- reduce their functions
2 - was renegotiated
3 - ceased
4 - UK

Question 25

the 2000s internet bubble caused what and describe it?

Answer 25

Brain Drain - this is when talented young people leave the country for better opportunities elsewhere. AND new immigrants may not be able to fill this gap fast enough

Question 26

Globalization does what to the government power, because economic competition leads to what in the country?

Answer 26

it limits the government's power in policy making and this can lead to a Race to the Bottom

Question 27

Global economic changes cause what to the domestic economy and impact social policy at what level

Answer 27

it affects the domestic ecomania when things like Race to the Bottom or a Brain Drain happen Global economic changes impact social policy on a national and local level

Question 28

Social policy is relatively what now but what can happen?

Answer 28

relatively stable BUT is can change with strong pressure or an economic crisis and policy change can happen irrationally and arbitrarily.

Question 29

The concepts below are often used in ideological descriptions which one fits more with Liberalism and how do you define it?

Answer 29

Individualism. defined as - promoting an individual's freedom, worth and self-determination

Question 30

The concepts below are often used in ideological descriptions which one fits more with communist/socialist and how do you define it?

Answer 30

Collectivism. Rights and welfare of the group/society above any individual

Question 31

The concepts below are often used in ideological descriptions which Ideology is all about Egalitarianism and how do you define that?

Answer 31

More communist. Everyone should have equality and the same thing in the end

Question 32

The concepts below are often used in ideological descriptions - how do you define Elitism

Answer 32

There is a hierarchy which creates unequal groups

Question 33

Describe the political spectrum from left to right?

Answer 33

Communism, Social democracy, Toryism, Liberalism, Neo-conservative/Neo-liberal, Fascism

Question 34

The term Right vs Left started from the French Assembly in 1789 about preserving the present order or change it. The right side had who and the left side had who?

Answer 34

Right side = in favor of preservation Left side = in favor of change Conservatives don't want change.

Question 35

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are linked with which 4 ideas.

Answer 35

Known as Marxism extreme socialists Anti-capitalist government controlled

Question 36

What did Karl Marx hate about the capitalist society?

Answer 36

He said capitalism put the means of production in the hands of a few, and with communism there was public control of the means of production

Question 37

Describe the first and second stage to overthrow capitalism as per Karl Marx

Answer 37

Stage 1 - socialist society. *“From each according to his abilities, to each, according to his work.” **Everyone tries their best to contribute based on each person’s abilities. *How much people get depends on how much work each person has done then you get a share and this is a public decision. Stage 2 - Communist society. “From each according to his abilities, to each, according to his need” *Everyone tries their best (the first part remains the same), the second part means they get what they need.

Question 38

More countries became communist (socialist) countries (East European, Asia and other continents) after when?

Answer 38

the WWII. This was due to having experienced Fascism from Hitler

Question 39

Eventually what has happened to communist countries

Answer 39

They are reforming to a market economy or a more radical change in the system – economic reform (to become capitalist system)

Question 40

Social Democracy was also anti-capitalist but how did they go about it?

Answer 40

They wanted to reform capitalism democratically through state regulation and the creation of state sponsored programs and organizations

Question 41

Social Democrats support which 3 policies

Answer 41

*A mixed economy consisting private sectors and government owned or subsidized programs of education and healthcare. *Government regulates the private sectors in the interests of workers, consumers and fair competition. *An extensive social security system with stated goal of poverty reduction.

Question 42

Tory conservative (18th century) is more collectivist, describe that

Answer 42

collectivist and think stability. So economic stability, and social stability so everyone comes together for stability think Law and Order - maintain the status quo

Question 43

Describe Liberalism, when did it emerge and what does it value

Answer 43

18th & 19th centuries AND emphasized individual development unencumbered by the government Freedom, individualism are the fundamental social values

Question 44

Capital L means what and l means what?

Answer 44

A capitalized L Liberal means Liberal party of Canada; A low case l liberal means liberal ideology.

Question 45

What are 4 main points about Neo-Conservatism / Neo-Liberalism

Answer 45

Neo-Conservatism / Neo-Liberalism refers to the “new right” It rejects collectivism And supports laissez-faire economics which advocates less government and less intervention towards social and economic affairs. sharing much in common with liberal ideology (freedom and individualism)

Question 46

What are 5 main points about Fascism?

Answer 46

Fascism refers to total power, nationalism, and often racism Fascism places the interest of the nation ahead of any particular class or individual Facilitated one-party authoritarianism It is undemocratic Think Mussolini’s Italy, Hitler’s Germany, and Japan in the mid 20th century.

Question 47

In terms of parties in Canada, how do you describe the Conservative Party of Canada (3 points)

Answer 47

Can have a range of view but generally ... reduced government involvement in social policy - free market increased reliance on self, families - individualism

Question 48

In terms of parties in Canada, how do you describe the Liberal Party of Canada (2 points)

Answer 48

Pro business which could mean limited government BUT they fund social programs

Question 49

In terms of parties in Canada, how do you describe the New Democratic Party of Canada (2 points)

Answer 49

– Collectivist & egalitarian Legal equality & equality of opportunity, supports universal programs, higher corporate tax, workers’ unions.

Question 50

In terms of parties in Canada, how do you describe Bloc Quebecois

Answer 50

promote Quebec sovereignty

Question 51

What assumes that the welfare state emerged out of democratic political pressures from social institutions such as trade unions & political parties theoretical approaches to social welfare - Social democratic perspective, the Market State, or Calls for a shift from compensation to one of empowerment

Answer 51

Social democratic perspective

Question 52

What challenges the social democratic perspective & conforms to individualist and liberal assumptions. theoretical approaches to social welfare - Social democratic perspective, the Market State, or Calls for a shift from compensation to one of empowerment

Answer 52

the Market State

Question 53

What - Rather than emphasizing individual deficits and providing a community standard such as a poverty line, assumes that all people require help in order to develop. theoretical approaches to social welfare - Social democratic perspective, the Market State, or Calls for a shift from compensation to one of empowerment

Answer 53

Calls for a shift from compensation to one of empowerment

Question 54

What - The welfare state is rooted in the industrial order where the economy is based on growth that is no longer sustainable. For sustainable development. theoretical approaches to social welfare - A Green critique Anti-racist critique of the welfare state Feminist theorists The Third Way Marxist

Answer 54

A Green critique

Question 55

What - thought views the welfare state as an instrument of social control (to avoid public unrest as an example). theoretical approaches to social welfare - A Green critique Anti-racist critique of the welfare state Feminist theorists The Third Way Marxist

Answer 55

Marxist

Question 56

What - attempts to combine market state principles with social democratic ones, suggests the best solution is for social services to offer choice to users & encourage competition amongst the providers. theoretical approaches to social welfare - A Green critique Anti-racist critique of the welfare state Feminist theorists The Third Way Marxist

Answer 56

The Third Way

Question 57

What - call for greater support of women in the workplace expanding childcare and income security that reflects the needs of women. theoretical approaches to social welfare - A Green critique Anti-racist critique of the welfare state Feminist theorists The Third Way Marxist

Answer 57

Feminist theorists

Question 58

What - criticizes in the welfare state systematically treats the disadvantaged group less favorably than majority. theoretical approaches to social welfare - A Green critique Anti-racist critique of the welfare state Feminist theorists The Third Way Marxist

Answer 58

Anti-racist critique of the welfare state

Question 59

Describe Felt Needs

Answer 59

are defined on a personal and subjective level.

Question 60

Define Expressed Needs

Answer 60

felt needs that are communicated to others.

Question 61

Define Normative Needs

Answer 61

determined by applying a benchmark / standard (poverty line).

Question 62

Define Comparative Needs

Answer 62

determined by comparing one individual or group to another (poverty experienced by lone-parent families compared to two-parent families).

Question 63

Measuring wellbeing includes what 4 things?

Answer 63

1- GDP 2 - Unemployment levels 3 - New immigrants, racialized groups, and women are overrepresented in precarious 4- Conditions related to precarious employment: – Job insecurity – Excessive work hours – Work-life conflict – Effort-reward imbalance – Job strain – Work related determinants of health

Question 64

What is deprived of, and or lacks the essentials for a minimum standard of well-being and life.

Answer 64

poverty lack of income and wealth.

Question 65

In developing countries, what term for poverty is used

Answer 65

Absolute poverty (destitution model) - maintaining minimum needs or you will die

Question 66

Define Relative poverty (inequality)

Answer 66

based on social values rather than the absolute need Can be subjective (i.e. what is the relative standard of living) think income gap 60% below the medium income is the poverty line

Question 67

Define Market Basket Measure (MBM)

Answer 67

creates a measure of poverty that is based on the actual calculated market costs of housing, food, clothing and footwear, etc

Question 68

What distinguishes low-income families from average income families.

Answer 68

Low-income cut-off (LICO). the larger the community the higher the LICO set for a family

Question 69

In the Gini coefficient, 0 indicates?

Answer 69

perfect equality of income, where every Canadian receives the same amount of money.

Question 70

In the Gini coefficient, 1 indicates?

Answer 70

represents inequality. Right now he thinks GINI is 0.32 in Canada, the US is higher, Scandinavian countries are lower than Canada

Question 71

T/F - Some believe that social programs discourage economic growth by decreasing spending power & increase debt/deficit, where others argue that social programs promote economic growth by getting more money into more hands.

Answer 71

true

Question 72

What are the 7 types of programs & services provided by the government and non-government structures

Answer 72

1). Cash programs- Old Age Security and postsecondary student loans. 2). Fiscal measures- tax deductions: tuition fees, child-care and RRSP exemptions. 3). Goods and services measures- hospital insurance and education. 4). Employment measures - minimum wage legislation and employment equity programs. 5). Occupational welfare measures- pension and insurance plans. 6). Family care programs- home-care provisions. 7). Voluntary/charitable programs- shelters and food banks.

Question 73

Describe the different (7) types of transfers. Transfers refers to the transfer from federal to provinces; provincial to municipal and federal to municipal.

Answer 73

1 - Block grants (general purpose) - cash transfer from one level of government to another, the amount not tied to the purpose of the grant. 2 - Specific purpose grants - cash transfer, amount is tied to specific purpose. An example would be a matched or shared-cost program (federal government and provincial gov. pay a share). 3 - Unconditional grants, or equalization payments - which required no particular commitment tired to an expected type of expenditure – they address: *Horizontal fiscal imbalances between richer and poorer provinces. (This is done by transfer from Fed to a prov.) *Vertical imbalances between the fiscal capacities of the federal and provinces. (Compared with the EU?) EU may not have these 4 - Conditional grants- tied directly to an expected type of service delivery, such as Canada Assistant Plan (1966-1996) from federal to provincial for the purpose of health care, education and services. 5 - One of the purposes for the inter-government transfers through equalization payments is to equalize the provinces. (Can you image the resistance of this policy?)

Question 74

Define Distributive in terms of social policy

Answer 74

This is also part of social welfare policy in terms of quality and effectiveness of social service programs, mostly in the area of distributive justice. Distributive (how to give our tax money or welfare ex. monetary, taxation, services) also about determining who gets what.

Question 75

Define Commutative in terms of social policy

Answer 75

freedom to talk, relations between individuals especially in respect to the equitable exchange of goods and fulfillment of contractual obligations (doing/paying what you say)

Question 76

Define Punitive in terms of social policy

Answer 76

think offenders, laws, the idea that punishment can change behavior