Mashup with all units Flashcards
Describe the ecological footprint
it represents the impact of each person’s (in hectares) impact on the environment in terms of consumption of fossil fuels, production, misuse of forests / water, and human settlement
What is Canada’s ecological footprint?
7.01 global hectares / person)
Describe murphy’s law and how it relates to the environment
“anything that can go wrong will go wrong”, so eventually our misuse of the environment will go wrong and cause serious problems
Globalization is a current and pervasive trend internationalized in the four areas of what?
Finance, communication, ideology, and political arrangements
Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) formed in 1970s and they did what?
they controlled the production so the oil price was high
What does NAFTA stand for and how does it impact Canada?
North American Free Trade Agreement (1994). It impacts Canada because we follow the taxation and regulations closer to the US and Mexico (impacts Canadian workers)
How do consumers benefit from globalization but how do workers suffer?
Consumers can buy cheaper goods, but workers may face international competition (risk of loosing their jobs if the company goes elsewhere) and lower wages to compete with international levels.
Globalization has done what to international relations, which has increased which ideology?
It has transformed international relations. As such liberal democracy has triumphed communism
Globalization is doing what to communist countries?
It is causing them to transition to market economies (even if they don’t drop the communist ideology officially or not)
Liberal democracy is taking over!
We are entering an era of global political arrangements with which emerging powers (BRICS + I)?
Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, AND Indonesia
A third of the wealth is in the hands of 200 corporations (as companies are merging together and countries like Iceland have low corporate tax)
Because of globalization, in Canada neo-liberal institutions argue for what two things?
They argue for the interests of multinational corporations AND market state approach to social welfare.
T/F - it is easy for governments to control international corporations?
False, they have trouble controlling taxation, salaries, and workplaces
In terms of social welfare, since the 1980s the federal and provincial governments have done what, what caused this action and what are the reasons / themes why?
withdrawn their support and this was caused by high government debt and globalization leveling labor and social welfare
the reasons and themes behind this is that social welfare is too expensive and causes dependency
Marshall’s “Social Citizenship” developed in 3 stages which happened in the 18th century?
Civil rights - focusing on property, legal rights, and due process
Marshall’s “Social Citizenship” developed in 3 stages which happened in the 19th century?
political rights
Marshall’s “Social Citizenship” developed in 3 stages which happened in the 20th century?
social rights - the development of social welfare and economic security
In Canada, entitlements of social citizenship was met through federal programs like Canada Assistance Plan, what did the CAP transition to and what grants are involved now and describe the grant
It became the Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST) and uses block grants.
Block grants are cash transfers that are not tied to a purpose. The federal government was saying that the provinces are now responsible to spend money how they want
Which program - allowed provinces and the federal government to cost-share on a fifty– fifty basis education, health care, and social welfare services. Provinces administered these services and received federal money, subject to federal standards
Canada Assistance Plan which transformed in 1996 to the Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST), with looser federal standards.
Which program obligated provinces to provide for people in need, prohibited workfare and discrimination, and required the development of an appeal system at the provincial level
The Canada Assistance Plan
Describe civil society which is growing and transcending national boundaries, which programs is is involved with
The civil society or the third sector, is between the government and the private/market sector. It reflects the interests and will of the citizens
It is in NGOs, social organizations, voluntary civic, advocacy / interest groups, non profit, self-help, volunteer organizations, internet-based social media, supporting social movements (i.e. elections, environmental conservation)
In terms of social inclusion - when thinking about making a policy 4 factors are involved, what are they?
1- includes power relations in the analysis
2- can include many levels of experience (i.e. quality of life / rights)
3- involves the “social” - society is the focus not just the poor
4- highlights process or outcome (so the process of becoming poor as opposed to measuring poverty along)
The ideology behind universal programs is what?
social inclusion
Globalization has caused:
1- OPEC and WTO (Maastricht Treaty) to what?
NAFTA was what?
TPP was what?
1- reduce their functions
2 - was renegotiated
3 - ceased
Globalization has caused:
1- OPEC and WTO (Maastricht Treaty) to what?
2 - NAFTA was what?
3 - TPP was what? Trans-Pacific Partnership, Canada joined then dropped out
4 - and who left the EU
1- reduce their functions
2 - was renegotiated
3 - ceased
4 - UK
the 2000s internet bubble caused what and describe it?
Brain Drain - this is when talented young people leave the country for better opportunities elsewhere.
AND new immigrants may not be able to fill this gap fast enough
Globalization does what to the government power, because economic competition leads to what in the country?
it limits the government’s power in policy making and this can lead to a Race to the Bottom
Global economic changes cause what to the domestic economy and impact social policy at what level
it affects the domestic ecomania when things like Race to the Bottom or a Brain Drain happen
Global economic changes impact social policy on a national and local level
Social policy is relatively what now but what can happen?
relatively stable BUT is can change with strong pressure or an economic crisis and policy change can happen irrationally and arbitrarily.
The concepts below are often used in ideological descriptions which one fits more with Liberalism and how do you define it?
Individualism. defined as - promoting an individual’s freedom, worth and self-determination
The concepts below are often used in ideological descriptions which one fits more with communist/socialist and how do you define it?
Collectivism. Rights and welfare of the group/society above any individual
