For Final - Policy Making and Implementation Flashcards
Policy making follows policy Form & Leg
formation and legislation
Policy implementation is a later stage of the policy cycle in which the ? policies are put into ?
adopted & effect.
Effective policy implementation involves three key elements: org, interp, app
organization, interpretation, and application.
The primary responsibility to implementation of social policy resides with the ? branches of the government.
executive
Canada is a ? state.
federal
Canada has two levels of governments, a WHAT to promote the best interests of the whole country and WHAT which also seek to look after their own best interests.
national government & provincial governments
Canada’s two major forms of governments built on a WHAT model with a constitutional monarchy.
Define constitutional monarchy
parliamentary
Constitutional monarchs exercise their powers within an established legal framework
whereas, absolute monarchy (a monarch holds power)
There are HOW MANY members of Parliament (MPs) in the WHERE (hint - H)
338 & House of Commons
Governor General conforms to WHICH 2 things?
the political party with the majority seats or the Cabinet (which is headed by the prime minister PM).
The Cabinet, the executive of the government, is a small group of WHO known as ministers & selected by WHO
MPs & the PM to lead specific ministries.
These ministers are responsible for all policy dev? and deci? within their portfolio.
development & decisions
t/f - Provincial government follows the same pattern as the federal parliament.
true
In Ontario, the elected members of provincial parliament are called?
Members of Provincial parliament (MPPs), Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), or Members of the House Assembly (MHAs).
Members of Provincial parliament (MPPs)
elected members of provincial parliament in other provinces are called?
Members of Provincial parliament (MPPs), Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), or Members of the House Assembly (MHAs).
Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs)
elected members of provincial parliament in Quebec are called?
Members of Provincial parliament (MPPs), Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), or Members of the House Assembly (MHAs).
Members of the National Assembly (MNAs)
elected members of provincial parliament in Newfoundland and Labrador are called?
Members of Provincial parliament (MPPs), Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), or Members of the House Assembly (MHAs).
Members of the House Assembly (MHAs).
The initiative to create a new law or reform an existing one can come from:
Strong pu opi?, e.g., the current fear of terrorism
Lob? on behalf of industry and other interest groups – chemical use in agriculture is huge or gene modified foods and there is a company that hires retired government officers to lobby the government because they understand the business
Political plat? of newly elected governments
Burea? within ? - can promote public policy initiatives based on their own program evaluations.
public opinion
Lobbying
Political platforms
Bureaucracy within ministries
A proposed legislation is called what?
and occurs in WHERE often secretly, before it is presented in Parliament
(called a bill) & Cabinet
A proposed legislation ( bill) is examined by committees of ?and the Treasury ?.
cabinet & Board
When a draft of the bill is ready, the minister introduces it to the WHERE (2 places)
House of Commons or the Legislative Assembly (in provinces).
The bill must pass HOW MANY separate readings AND votes.
Each reading could be the same people or if it takes years people may change. If it doesn’t pass then it’s over.
3
With “party whip” (a person), the government party ensures all WHO not in Cabinet vote for the bill
party members
Describe the public bill? WHO introduces a public bill?
will impact the public as a whole AND are introduced by the appropriate minister
Describe private bills?
usually concern individuals or local maters.
Once a federal bill passes three readings in the House of Commons, it goes to the WHERE, then to the WHO
Senate & governor general.
Once the governor general signs it, it becomes a law.
Is it the House of Commons or the Senate who is appointed by government leaders – they are not elected, and has no power
Senate
Canada has two levels of courts - what are they?
federal and provincial.
The federal government appoints and pays all ? appointed judges.
federally
judges of the provincial supreme court, the federal court and the Supreme Court of Canada may be removed only by WHO
What does this help with?
the governor general
this keeps the judges independent to follow the Constitution rather than bending to the will of the government in power
otherwise we have the issue of “referees as players”
t/f - The ruling of the Supreme Court is not final.
false
What is the term for - many competing influences impacting how people treat each other (hint - plur)
Pluralism
What is the term for - the chosen part of a group or society
Elitism
WHO sees the masses as mostly passive, apathetic and poorly informed
Elitism
which allows the elites to manipulate mass sentiments through power gained from controlling boards of major corporations, banks and governments.
T/F - The actual case we are facing now is that we are in between elitism and pluralism.
true
T/F - In principle, citizens in democratic countries should have the right to participate in issues affecting the public interest and the common good.
true
In terms of Citizen Participation:
Canadian political system is based on the principles of WHAT democracy.
representative
In terms of representative democracy:
Representatives are selected by WHAT. The winner is supposed to WHAT.
elections
represent all those in riding
This is an old way of doing things based on the idea that people don’t have the knowledge so they elect someone who does and can speak for them
T/F - The basic assumption of representative democracy is that the representation reflects the public opinion at the level of policy-making.
true
An unstated assumption is that the representatives do not have more knowledge than the individuals.
false - they think they are smarter
The actual cases can be that the representatives DO WHAT during election time?
promise for the sake of election, not have to do as they promised
representatives may not necessarily have more knowledge about the policy and the needs of individuals.
T/F - The public may vote for the specific policy or a bill not the ideology
false - may vote for the ideology presented by the candidates, not a specific policy or a bill.
One solution for the problem of representative system is the WHICH for specific policy, bills or decisions.
public voting/referendum
a form of democracy in which people decide (e.g., vote on, form consensus on) policy initiatives directly is called WHAT
direct democracy
countries using this approach is Switzerland
What are 2 disadvantages of Direct Democracy
cost of voting & Difficult if the majority wants to vote a certain direction and the minority population want to vote another direction.
When does Direct Democracy work best (2 things)
It is more feasible to have such a system when individuals are fully informed
AND when the rulers’ power is limited.
In the current Canadian system, the governments can involve citizens in the policymaking process at the WHICH stage.
input
T/F - Unequal power and influence means that the specific pressure groups can increase their influence on policy outcomes.
true
(Problems remain for those who do not have the power and ability to articulate their issues and apply the pressure).
T/F - there are many built-in structures in Canada ensure that citizens – both those directly affected by policy or those with an interest in policy – have opportunity to be heard
no!
Getting information to the public is another means of consciousness-raising that can influence policy
The media can control things tho!
The individuals can withdraw compliance which is known as what?
“the weapons of the weak” = strong resistance in response to their powerless situation
Withdrawing compliance as the “weapons of the weak” is more common in developing countries, and as a results, the efficiency in the society is WHAT.
low
