Week 3: Chapter 26 - Neurological disorders Flashcards
What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and what characterizes the disorder?
Multiple Sclerosis is a neurological disorder marked by the loss of myelin and the formation of sclerotic plaques in the brain and spinal cord.
Which parts of the nervous system are primarily affected by MS?
Primarily the motor tracts, but also the sensory tracts are affected.
What are sclerotic plaques and what do they do?
They are hardened scars that destroy the myelin sheath and sometimes the axons.
What are common symptoms of MS?
Symptoms include numbness in the face or limbs, visual disturbances, and motor control issues.
At what age do MS symptoms typically first appear?
In adulthood.
How does the progression of MS vary among patients?
Symptoms can remit and return years later, or the disease may progress rapidly.
What are the proposed causes of MS?
Possible causes include bacterial or viral infections, environmental triggers, immune system dysfunction, and genetics.
Why is MS more common in northern latitudes?
It is more prevalent in northern latitudes, possibly due to lower sunlight exposure.
What is the prevalence of MS in the general population?
About 50 in every 100,000 people.
What is the gender distribution for MS and how does it affect disease progression?
MS is more prevalent in females (3:2) and may progress faster in women.
What is the speculated role of vitamin D in MS?
Low vitamin D levels due to reduced sunlight exposure may be a contributing factor.
What are some of the promising treatments for MS?
Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada) and other immunotherapies show promise.
How might brain–computer interface (BCI) technology assist MS patients?
BCIs may help patients with severe mobility issues communicate or control devices.
