Week 3: Chapter 23 - Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
What does the term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) refer to?
A range of developmental issues caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy.
When was Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) first described?
In 1973.
What physical facial features are commonly associated with FASD?
Smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, and small stature.
What neurological abnormalities are often seen in FASD?
Abnormal gyri and misaligned cortical cells.
What behavioral and cognitive issues are linked to FASD?
Learning disabilities, lower intelligence, hyperactivity, and social challenges.
What is the estimated prevalence of FASD in the U.S.?
Between 1 in 700 to 1 in 100 newborns.
In which populations is FASD more prevalent?
Children in care systems and incarcerated individuals.
What factors influence the severity of FASD?
Amount, frequency, and timing of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester.
How does binge drinking affect the risk of FASD?
It increases the risk significantly, particularly in early pregnancy.
What is the effect of one drink per day during pregnancy on a child’s IQ?
It may lower the child’s IQ.
Can paternal alcohol use contribute to FASD?
Yes, through potential epigenetic changes.
What biological mechanism is proposed for alcohol-induced brain damage in FASD?
Inhibition of the Kir2.1 potassium channel, leading to cell death and developmental abnormalities.
Is there a known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy?
No, there is no known safe amount.
