week 3 & 4 BTE/FTE Flashcards
what is the percentage of students who rely on re-reading as their study strategy
84%
what is the percentage of students who rely on self-testing as their study strategy
11%
definition of the backwards testing effect
testing improves later test performance by helping with memory retention
what is transfer appropriate processing
testing works best when study and test formats are similar
what is the retrieval effort hypothesis
harder retrieval practices lead to better memory
what is the mediator effectiveness hypothesis
testing helps connect related concepts, improving memory through semantic connections
what are some benefits of testing on mental health
reduce stress and anxiety
what is another name for backwards testing effect
testing effect or retrieval practice effect
Why do students quiz themselves according to Kornell and Bjork (2007)?
To check understanding (68%), because it’s effective (18%), or they find it more enjoyable (9%)
What did Roediger and Karpicke (2006) discover about testing vs. re-studying?
testing leads to better long-term memory retention, especially over longer intervals.
What were the results of McDaniel et al.’s (2007) classroom study?
Quizzing improved test scores more than just re-reading materials. short answer quizzes were more beneficial than multiple choice questions
in Karpicke et al 2009 survey amongst college students, what is the % of students that rated self-testing as their top strategy?
1%
What materials did participants in roediger and karpicke 2006 study in the experiment during phase 1 (encoding)?
Two prose passages, one about “the sun” and the other about “sea otters.”
How was the study design structured in roediger and karpickes 2006 study?
Participants studied one passage twice (re-study condition).
Participants studied the other passage once and then took a free-recall test (testing condition).
No feedback was provided after the initial test
what was phase 2 (final test) in roediger and karpickes 2006 study?
ptsp completed final free recall tests for each passage, either 5 mins, 2 days or 1 week later
what is the best strategy to remember info for longer than 5 mins?
test-taking
what does retrieval practice serve as?
desirable difficulty
what was the purpose of Agarwal et al. (2021) Study
To evaluate the effects of retrieval practice (e.g., quizzing) on learning outcomes in classrooms using a meta-analysis of 50 experiments.
what were findings of Agarwal et al 2021 study
94% of studies showed positive effects of retrieval practice on learning.
what was Kromann et al 2009 study
medical students completed a resuscitation course following stimulated cardiac arrest
what was the method of kromann et al 2009 study
Intervention Group: Received 3.5 hours of teaching/training plus 30 minutes of low-stakes testing.
Control Group: Received 3.5 hours of teaching/training plus 30 minutes of scenario practice (not tested).
Two weeks later, participants completed a practical test on managing a simulated unresponsive patient.
The forward testing effect demonstrates that interim testing can improve memory for ___ information, ___ corrective feedback is provided.
new, regardless of if
When Kornell and Bjork (2007) asked their participants why they quizzed themselves when they studied, what could the most common answer be summarised as?
to judge how well the material has been learnt
Many memory studies include a retention interval. What is a retention interval?
A period of time (interval) between the encoding and retrieval/test stages of a study.