Week 3 Flashcards
Masking
Seen example using white noise.
Subjective tones
Not there, but we hear. Higher harmonics played, create lower sound. Fundamental tracking. Brain inputs, not air, binaural test shows.
Complex tones though using cello, does not work. Vibrato issue too
Noise
Frequenxy band in which energy in all frequencies is exactly the same.
I was wondering about loudness and hearing issues. It’s true. But could work mat night? Soft sound pretty effective, needs wide frequency range,
Vibrato components?
Variation vibrating pitch.
Another important aspect of timbre,
Suitability, arbitrary associatin with genres.
Frequency and amplitude modulation in vibrato. Rate speed.
Singers air on sharpness, ppl are more sensitive to flatness.
Difference in tones? Width, seashore, studies show : .37-.57 width above
And average rate, 5.9-7.6 beats per second
Used on 95% of played. Difference 2.4db. Loudest and softest part of vibrato, very small.
Does not differ in emotions according to one study. Like an organ stop really. Uniformity. Undifferentiated.
Theories of identification of musicL instruments
1) initial transient, attack theory of identify instrument. Noise aspect
Combination of inti trans and steady state create note.blatency
2) strength of partials spectral centroid. Theory characteristic spectrum of each instrument.
Limitation: does not hold for entire range of instrument. Changes with volume, and cannot hear all partials. Inter instrument variability.
3) Formant theory, frequency region made louder. Spectral flux?
Speed. - tempo
Last psychoacoustic propert.
Rare to hear more than 20 notes per second. Is max.
Bumble bee ex. We overestimate how much faster things are, but relatively we get it.
Gets faster, lose phrasing,
Magnitude estimation study, as I said above was result
Some tempi are regrouped, so stepwise increase in tempi. Categorical perception. *** (painters colors?)
Duration, fine distinion of 5ms possible but not required.
3 types of elements or interactions
Pitch, timbre, and loudness
They effect each other.
Types of experiments
Descrimination. Distinguish fine differences.
Performance
Preference
Pitch and tone quality interaction q
Study Twinkle twinkle tone quality study. Good & bad.
timbre has imp effect on pitch. Johnson electronic trainer, sharp flat versions, preference study.
Can all choose better tone quality.
We are most sensitive to flatness than sharpness. Difference in ratios the issue.
Ex. Of pitch overriding tone quality.
Or just playing up or down scale.
Preference study
Timbre can influence pitch study
Errors of darkness and brightness study, equalizer manipulation.
More likely to say error of sharpness. Whether pitch was actually the same or lower
Shepard tones good example too.
More overtones, help discriminate slight pitch differences. So easier oboe than flute.
Descrimination study.
Pitch and loudness.
More limited effect than pitch and timbre.
Adjust volume to match tones,
For 6000-12000 hz tons louder pitches sound sharper.
Opposite for lower sounds 150-3000hz.
Though to different degree as graph.
Must use sine tones.
Lots of inidividuals variability. Even between ears!
So this is Nomathetic.
Hearing loss sufferers particulary prone.
Graph like parting hair. X loudness,my frequency.
Opposite tones, match loudness. See other slide
Hearing sensitivity greatest around
3000hz
Requires least amount of energy to hear sound.
Opposite tones match loudness.
Timbre loudness
Greater enrgy,,produce more heard overtones. Making note brighter
Perceive things selectively,
Tolerate slight fluctuations, in pitch, rhythm.
What is a scale
Ordered Series notes, one direction, deviding octave.
Stepwise ordered succor of tones, as exceptions.
