Week 13 Flashcards
Using average from a number of people improves reliability. Must be made independNtly.
But isn’t this validity? Once you have 3 judges, no longer reliability?
Intra vs inter subject reliability
Across people, VALIDITY, or interpersonal reliability,
Reliability is intrapesonal reliability.
Moods. Biases expectation influence it.
Expectations effect
Order, Ppearance physical, prestige.
Use of screens?
Does help. Shoes sound, physical appearance, no judge women.
Live vs recorded no difference. but videos are usually rated higher!
Halo effect of rating sclaes!
Rating form and score,
Rather consistancy
Form or score or combined, combined less reliable than either one individually.
Rate entire, first half or quarter study.
No differences in the ratings!
First 15 second not the only important part.
Wrong, not juat the first quarter, unrealistic. Basil study.
Wapnick found an interaction.
Ratings after a minute were higher for good perofrmance, worse for worse perform.
But inverse for 20 second hearing.
Judges idea, background and reliability. Fisk
Made no differences of judge background.
Except technique!
Non musical aspects
Particularly observable ones, physical appearance. Singers
Visual only,
Audio only
Video
Males, more attractive on vide
More attractive were better performers!
Stage behaviour
More attractive in video and audio.
School children
Free pianos and 3 yr perf.
Same results. , looks like a bias, takes shape early on.
Why?
More attractive people are treated differently.
Socioeconomic status.
4th study. Videos. Got no differences! In any condition. Expert performers all look great. Less good looking do not make it. Depressing.
Computer eval perf?
Outperform one judge certainly.
Was as reliable as 7 judges, more reliable than one judge.
Order of performance!
Strong vs weak, no support for idea. Finals in concertos there are order effect.
Winners likely to come from lTer performances. 456. Hmm, against self control studies.
Beginning middle end, difference in rating.
Youtube.
Higher rated performers rating overall higher, of any four component parts. Difference great for concert artist.
Rating of a mature was lower than rating of any parts. 4 sections average of piece, never found.
Continuum, wide. In other words, play good!
Music therapy is digit ion
Goal oriented therapeutic process to help improve a patients life in a variety of domains (psychological, physical, emotional etc) using music as a facilitator.
A health care profession, therapeutic medium is music,
Developmental,
Adaptation, elderly dementia.
Rehabilitlytavie skill.s
Psychological, sensorimotor, cognitive,social.
History,
Quality of research s weak.
Hihgly criticized beUse of this.
Apply psychological ways to help patients.
Use three main approach
Behavioural:
Skinner modify behaviour if you modify environment. Called conditioning, Pavlovian dogs.
Music could be used as a reinforcement. Leads to habituation though. Modeling modify behaviour. Used esp with children.
But is it better to use it as a teaching tool.
Great for phone numbers. As shown.
But who’s values are imparted?
Psychoanalytic:
Freud: many ppl question it.
Unconscious, preconscious, conscious, ry to resolved unresolved issues. 60-80’s creates experience to stimulate thoughts feelings, through improvization, a will patient and guided imagery so well. Try to transform those states. Nature of approach is vRy subjective. Need well trained psychoanalyst and music.
Humanistic.
Maslow pyramid. Needs.
Physiologic need to be met.
Looking at patients strengths and potential, rather than deficiencies. Improv, emphasis on interaction with enviro and people. Elderly video.
Use old songs with elderly breaks
Isolation,
Difficulty communicating, breaks isolation.
Songs encourage conversation.
Mid to advanced stage.
